B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning

A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.

Example

Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.

B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

Meaning

at a fast speed; quickly

Example

The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.

C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋz/

misgivings

Meaning

feelings of doubt or concern about the outcome or propriety of something

Example

She had serious misgivings about signing the contract.

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.səl/

Parcel

Meaning

an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper for carrying or sending by mail; a piece of land

Example

The postman delivered a parcel to our door.

C2 noun /dɛnˈdrɒlədʒi/

dendrology

Meaning

the scientific study of trees and woody plants

Example

He is studying dendrology at the university.

C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.lekt/

intellect

Meaning

The ability to think, reason, and understand objectively.

Example

Her intellect is admired by all her colleagues.

A2 noun, verb /fɔːrm/

form

Meaning

the shape or structure of something; to bring something into existence

Example

Students filled out the registration form.

C2 noun /ˈslʌɡərd/

sluggard

Meaning

A lazy, sluggish person.

Example

The sluggard refused to get out of bed even at noon.

C1 noun /mælˈpræktɪs/

Malpractice

Meaning

Improper, illegal, or negligent professional behavior

Example

The surgeon was sued for malpractice after the failed operation.

B2 noun /ˈwɪd.oʊ/

Widow

Meaning

a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again

Example

The widow received support from her family and community.

C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

Meaning

a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position

Example

After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.

C2 adjective /ˈliːənaɪn/

leonine

Meaning

Of or resembling a lion.

Example

His leonine hair made him stand out in the crowd.

B1 noun /ˈkæbɪn/

cabin

Meaning

a small shelter or house, often made of wood in a remote area

Example

They spent the weekend in a cozy cabin in the mountains.

B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

Meaning

The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.

Example

Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.

B1 adverb /ˈfeər.li/

Fairly

Meaning

in a just manner; moderately; reasonably

Example

The test was fairly easy, but some questions were challenging.

B2 noun, verb /ˈblɒsəm/

blossom

Meaning

a flower or mass of flowers on a tree or plant; to develop or flourish

Example

The small garden began to blossom in spring.

C1 noun /ˈbuːt.stræp.ɪŋ/

bootstrapping

Meaning

Starting a business with personal resources or small investments without external funding or venture capital.

Example

Many entrepreneurs rely on bootstrapping to launch their businesses.

C2 noun/verb /ˈmæn.ə.kəl/

manacle

Meaning

A metal shackle for fastening someone's hands or ankles; also to restrain with such shackles.

Example

The prisoner was manacled before being taken to court.

B1 adverb /ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

Unfortunately

Meaning

used to express regret or disappointment about something

Example

Unfortunately, the weather was bad for our picnic.

A2 adjective ˈɡləʊ.bəl

global

Meaning

Relating to the whole world; worldwide.

Example

Global collaboration improves connectivity.

C1 noun /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniːz/

aborigines

Meaning

The original inhabitants of a land, especially in Australia.

Example

The aborigines have preserved their traditions for thousands of years.

C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊɪst/

egoist

Meaning

A person who is excessively concerned with themselves; someone who believes in or practices egoism.

Example

She avoided him because he was a selfish egoist.

C2 verb /prəˈroʊɡ/

prorogue

Meaning

to discontinue a session of a parliament or assembly without dissolving it

Example

The president decided to prorogue parliament until the crisis was resolved.

B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

Meaning

the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn

Example

The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.

C1 noun /ˈtrɛtʃəri/

treachery

Meaning

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or nature.

Example

His treachery was revealed when he sided with the enemy.

C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

Meaning

Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.

Example

The region is known for its seismic activity.

B1 adverb /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/

Reasonably

Meaning

in a sensible way; fairly; to a moderate degree

Example

The hotel room was reasonably priced for the location.

C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.də.bəl/

laudable

Meaning

Deserving praise and admiration.

Example

Her efforts to help the poor are truly laudable.

C1 noun /ˌluː.mɪˈnɒs.ɪ.ti/

luminosity

Meaning

The intrinsic brightness of a celestial object; the quality of emitting light.

Example

The luminosity of the star was measured with advanced instruments.

B2 noun /ˈkʊk.uː/

Cuckoo

Meaning

a bird known for its distinctive call and for laying eggs in other birds' nests

Example

We heard the cuckoo calling from the forest early in the morning.

C1 verb /ˈbɪkər/

bicker

Meaning

To argue or quarrel about trivial matters.

Example

The children began to bicker over the last piece of cake.

B1 noun ˈpʌb.lɪk ˈspiː.kɪŋ

public speaking

Meaning

The skill of speaking confidently in front of an audience.

Example

Public speaking skills are essential for leadership roles.

B1 verb /rɪˈliːs/

release

Meaning

to set free; to allow something to escape or go away

Example

The prisoner was released after ten years.

A2 adjective /ˈpɑːt taɪm/

part-time

Meaning

working for only part of the usual working day or week

Example

She works part-time as a waitress.

C2 adjective /trænzˈæl.paɪn/

transalpine

Meaning

situated beyond or across the Alps, especially from the viewpoint of Italy

Example

The Romans referred to France as Transalpine Gaul.

C1 noun /ˈtruː.ənt/

Truant

Meaning

a student who stays away from school without permission; a person who shirks duty

Example

The principal called the parents when their child was caught playing truant.

C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

Meaning

Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.

Example

The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.

B1 adjective /pleɪn/

plain

Meaning

simple or clear, without decoration or complexity

Example

She wore a plain white dress to the ceremony.

B2 noun /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

hydrogen

Meaning

a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas that is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe

Example

Hydrogen is used as a clean fuel in many energy systems.

C2 verb /ˈkælsɪfaɪ/

calcify

Meaning

To harden by deposition of calcium salts; to become rigid or inflexible.

Example

Over time, the tissue began to calcify and lose flexibility.

C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Water Spinach

Meaning

A semi-aquatic leafy vegetable with hollow stems, popular in Asian cuisine

Example

Water spinach grows well in wet soil.

B1 noun /ˈrʌnər/

runner

Meaning

a person who runs, especially in races or for exercise

Example

The runner crossed the finish line with a big smile.

A1 noun /dæd/

dad

Meaning

an informal term for father

Example

My dad taught me how to ride a bike.

B2 adjective /ˈkrɒnɪk/

chronic

Meaning

Lasting for a long time or constantly recurring, often describing illness.

Example

She suffers from chronic back pain.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

Meaning

To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.

Example

The long war impoverished the entire nation.

C1 adjective /ˈtʌtʃi/

Touchy

Meaning

easily upset or offended; overly sensitive

Example

He's very touchy about his height.

C1 noun /ˈtrævɪsti/

travesty

Meaning

A false, absurd, or distorted representation of something.

Example

The trial was a travesty of justice.

A1 noun /ˈhoʊmwɜːrk/

homework

Meaning

schoolwork that a student does at home

Example

I need to finish my math homework before dinner.

C1 noun /ʃruː/

shrew

Meaning

a small mouse-like animal; also a woman with a bad temper

Example

The play describes a strong-willed woman as a shrew.

C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

Meaning

relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual

Example

They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.

B1 adverb /ˈkʌmftəbli/

Comfortably

Meaning

in a comfortable manner; without difficulty or effort; with ease

Example

She was sitting comfortably in her favorite chair.

C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

Meaning

to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots

Example

The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.

C1 adjective ˈkɒn.təm.plə.tɪv

contemplative

Meaning

Expressing or involving prolonged thought; meditative and reflective.

Example

He spent a contemplative evening reflecting on his decisions.

A2 noun ˈhæpɪnəs

happiness

Meaning

The feeling or state of being happy; a pleasurable or satisfying experience; contentment and joy.

Example

Happiness lies in enjoying the small things in life.

B2 adjective /stiːp/

steep

Meaning

Having a sharp inclination or high slope; also can mean excessive (as in price).

Example

The hikers climbed a steep mountain trail.

C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

Meaning

in the form of a cross; diagonally across

Example

Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.

C2 noun /skriːd/

screed

Meaning

a long, tedious piece of writing or speech; also a layer of material like cement spread on a surface

Example

He delivered a long screed against corruption.

C2 adjective /ˈfraɪəbl/

friable

Meaning

Easily crumbled or reduced to powder.

Example

The old brick wall was friable and broke apart at a touch.

B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

Meaning

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Example

Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.

C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

Meaning

to assign to a lower rank, position, or category

Example

The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.

B1 noun /trænzˈleɪʃən/

translation

Meaning

the process of converting text or speech from one language into another

Example

She completed the translation of the book within two months.

B2 noun /ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Genius

Meaning

exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability; a person who has such ability

Example

Einstein was recognized as a genius for his groundbreaking contributions to physics.

C1 noun /ʌnɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

unimportance

Meaning

the state or quality of being insignificant or not important

Example

He dismissed the issue with a sense of unimportance.

C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

Meaning

based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts

Example

Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.

B1 noun /rɪˈliːf/

Relief

Meaning

a feeling of comfort after worry or distress; assistance given to those in need

Example

She felt great relief when the exam was over.

C2 noun /ɪˈfjuːʒən/

effusion

Meaning

An unrestrained outpouring of words, feelings, or emotions.

Example

His letter was an effusion of love and longing.

C1 noun /ˈmætrəˌmoʊni/

matrimony

Meaning

The state of being married; marriage.

Example

They entered into matrimony after years of friendship.

B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

Meaning

measure or action designed to protect someone or something

Example

New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.

C2 noun /ˈklævɪkəl/

clavicle

Meaning

the collarbone, a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum

Example

He fractured his clavicle in the accident.

C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/

pauperism

Meaning

The state of being extremely poor.

Example

The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.

C1 adjective /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

defunct

Meaning

No longer existing, operating, or functioning.

Example

The company became defunct after the financial crisis.

A2 adjective /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

Horrible

Meaning

causing or likely to cause horror; shocking; terrible; extremely unpleasant

Example

The accident was a horrible sight to witness.

B1 noun ˈtɑː.ɡɪt

target

Meaning

An object, person, or place selected as the aim of an attack or focus of attention.

Example

Achieving energy targets is critical for global progress.

B2 noun /ˈhɛdˌkwɔːrtərz/

headquarters

Meaning

The main office or center of operations of an organization.

Example

The company’s headquarters is located in New York.

B1 noun /ˈbreɪs.lət/

Bracelet

Meaning

an ornamental band worn around the wrist

Example

She received a gold bracelet as a birthday gift.

C2 adjective/verb /ɪnˈkɑːrneɪt/

incarnate

Meaning

to embody or represent in human form; in flesh

Example

She is kindness incarnate.

C1 noun /ˈhɪr.seɪ/

Hearsay

Meaning

information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate; rumor

Example

The accusations were based on hearsay rather than concrete evidence or eyewitness testimony.

C1 verb /prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/

predominate

Meaning

To be the strongest, most common, or most influential element.

Example

Traditional values still predominate in the community.

A1 determiner /sʌm/

some

Meaning

an unspecified amount or number of something

Example

I have some money in my wallet.

C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

Meaning

a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church

Example

The church spire could be seen from miles away.

C2 noun /ˈlɪtəni/

litany

Meaning

a long, repetitive, or tedious account or list; originally a form of prayer

Example

The politician gave a litany of promises during the campaign.

A2 noun /tɛkst/

text

Meaning

a written or printed work or passage, especially a book or document

Example

The teacher asked us to read the text on page 50.

C2 noun ˌiːkwəˈnɪməti

equanimity

Meaning

Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.

Example

She handled the news with remarkable equanimity.

C2 noun /sneɪk ɡɔːrd/

Snake gourd

Meaning

a long, curved vegetable that resembles a snake, commonly used in South Asian cuisine

Example

The snake gourd grows in a twisted, serpentine shape in the garden.

C2 noun /ˈbrɪk ə ˌbræk/

bric-a-brac

Meaning

Small decorative objects or ornaments, often of little value.

Example

The shelves were filled with old bric-a-brac from her travels.

B1 noun /leɪn/

lane

Meaning

a narrow road or path, often in the countryside or for specific traffic

Example

They walked down a quiet country lane.

C2 noun /ˈsækrɪsti/

sacristy

Meaning

a room in a church where sacred vessels and vestments are kept

Example

The priest entered the sacristy before the mass began.

C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtər/

reciter

Meaning

a person who recites or repeats something aloud from memory, especially poetry, prayers, or formal texts

Example

The reciter delivered the poem with clarity and emotion.

C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

Meaning

Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.

Example

Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.

C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

Meaning

The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.

Example

Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.

B2 noun, adjective /prɪˈmɪər/ or /ˈpriːmiər/

premier

Meaning

the head of government in some countries; first in importance or rank

Example

The French premier addressed the nation.

C2 noun /ˈskɪnˌflɪnt/

skinflint

Meaning

a person who spends as little money as possible; a miser

Example

The landlord was such a skinflint that he never repaired anything.

C1 adjective /ˈnæk.ərd/

Knackered

Meaning

extremely tired; exhausted

Example

I'm absolutely knackered after working all day.

C2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈliːp/

overleap

Meaning

To jump over something; to omit or disregard something.

Example

He managed to overleap the fence easily.

C2 noun /aɪˈdɒlətri/

idolatry

Meaning

The worship of idols or extreme admiration for someone or something.

Example

The priest condemned the idolatry practiced in the village.

B2 adjective /ˈslɒp.i/

Sloppy

Meaning

careless; messy; done without care or attention to detail

Example

His sloppy handwriting was difficult to read.

C2 noun /ˈæktʃuˌɛri/

actuary

Meaning

A professional who analyzes financial risk using mathematics, statistics, and financial theory, especially in insurance and pensions.

Example

The actuary calculated the risk before finalizing the insurance policy.

C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

Meaning

The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.

Example

His volubility made him a successful radio host.

B2 adjective /əˈten.tɪv/

Attentive

Meaning

careful to pay attention; alert and observant

Example

The attentive student listened carefully to every word the teacher said.

C2 adjective /dɪˈmɒtɪk/

demotic

Meaning

relating to ordinary people or everyday language

Example

The poet used demotic language to connect with common readers.

B2 noun /rʌʃ/

Rush

Meaning

a sudden quick movement toward something; a period of great activity or demand; hurry

Example

There was a rush to buy tickets for the concert.

C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

Meaning

Caused a process or action to begin; started something.

Example

The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.

C2 noun /ˌkiː ˈviːv/

qui vive

Meaning

A state of alertness or vigilance.

Example

The guards were on the qui vive during the night.

B1 noun /dɪˈbeɪt/

Debate

Meaning

a formal discussion of opposing viewpoints; argument with reasoned points

Example

The political debate lasted for three hours with passionate arguments.

A1 adjective /stɪl/

still

Meaning

not moving or making a sound

Example

The water was still, reflecting the sky.

C2 adjective ˌeə.rəʊˈstæt.ɪk

aerostatic

Meaning

Relating to or involving gases (especially air) in equilibrium and the equilibrium of balloons or aircraft under the influence of such gases.

Example

Aerostatic designs ensure stability at high altitudes.

A2 noun /ˈkænsər/

cancer

Meaning

A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.

Example

Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer.

B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

Meaning

a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically

Example

The library provides an online catalog of all available books.

B2 noun /ˈhæz.ərd/

Hazard

Meaning

a danger or risk; something that poses a threat to safety

Example

Smoking is a serious health hazard that can lead to lung cancer and heart disease.

C1 noun /ɔːˈrɔːrə/

aurora

Meaning

A natural display of lights in the sky, usually seen in polar regions.

Example

We traveled to Norway to see the northern aurora.

B2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gamble

Meaning

to bet money on games of chance; to take a risky action

Example

He decided to gamble his savings on the stock market.

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/

impracticable

Meaning

Not capable of being carried out or put into practice.

Example

The plan seemed impracticable due to limited resources.

A1 noun /ˈθaʊzənd/

thousand

Meaning

the number equal to 10 hundred or 1,000

Example

There were a thousand people at the concert.

B2 noun /sɛnˈseɪʃən/

Sensation

Meaning

a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body; a widespread reaction of interest and excitement

Example

The new singer became an overnight sensation.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

counsellor

Meaning

a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems; an advisor

Example

She spoke to a counsellor to get advice about her career.

C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

Meaning

a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation

Example

The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.

C2 adjective /ˈvɪnsəbl/

vincible

Meaning

capable of being overcome or defeated

Example

The enemy seemed vincible after losing their main base.

B2 adjective /proʊn/

Prone

Meaning

having a tendency to; inclined; lying face down

Example

He is prone to making mistakes when he's tired.

C2 noun /ˈbuːbi/

booby

Meaning

a foolish or gullible person; a silly individual

Example

He felt like a booby after making such a simple mistake.

B2 noun /ˈker.ə.siːn/

Kerosene

Meaning

a combustible hydrocarbon liquid widely used as a fuel in lamps and heating systems

Example

The old lamp burned kerosene to provide light during power outages.

B2 adjective /ˈaʊtˌɡoʊɪŋ/

outgoing

Meaning

Friendly and sociable; inclined to mix with others.

Example

He is an outgoing person who loves meeting new people.