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C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
B2 adjective /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

aromatic

Meaning
Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
Example
The chef used aromatic herbs to flavor the dish.
C1 adjective ɔːɡˈmen.tɪd

augmented

Meaning
having been made greater in size or value.
Example
The new software provided augmented reality features.
A2 adjective ˈæktɪv

active

Meaning
Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.
Example
Active participation in education is vital for progress.
C2 noun /əˈkriːʃən/

accretion

Meaning
The process of growth or increase, typically by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter.
Example
The accretion of wealth allowed him to invest in various projects.
A2 adjective /əˈtræk.tɪv/

Attractive

Meaning
pleasing or appealing to the senses; having a quality that draws interest
Example
The garden looks very attractive in spring.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
C1 noun /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

attache

Meaning
A person officially assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission, often with a specific area of responsibility.
Example
The cultural attache organized an art exhibition in the embassy.
B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

Meaning
A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.
Example
Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.
A2 noun /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/

Angel

Meaning
a spiritual being believed to act as an attendant, agent, or messenger of God
Example
She looked like an angel in her white dress.
C1 verb /əˈtjuːn/

attune

Meaning
to make someone or something aware of or responsive to something; to adjust or harmonize
Example
She quickly attuned herself to the needs of her new team.
C1 verb /əˈseɪl/

assail

Meaning
to attack violently, either physically or with words
Example
The politician was assailed with difficult questions.
B1 noun/adjective /ˌæfrɪkən əˈmɛrɪkən/

african-american

Meaning
A person of African descent living in or originating from the United States; relating to such people.
Example
She is proud of her African-American heritage.
B1 noun æmˈbɪʃ.ən

ambition

Meaning
A strong desire to do or achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.
Example
Their ambition is to build a quantum computer.
B2 verb /əkˈsɛləreɪt/

accelerate

Meaning
to increase speed or make something happen sooner
Example
The driver accelerated to overtake the truck.
B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

Meaning
An account of a person's life written by that person.
Example
She published an autobiography about her journey to success.
B2 noun /əˈlaɪnmənt/

alignment

Meaning
arrangement in a straight line or in proper position
Example
The alignment of the planets was perfect for the celestial event.
C2 adjective /əˈstrɪndʒənt/

astringent

Meaning
sharp or severe in manner or style; also describes a substance that contracts skin or body tissues
Example
Her astringent tone silenced the noisy class.
B2 noun /əˈkɔːrdəns/

accordance

Meaning
agreement or harmony with something; compliance with rules, laws, or wishes
Example
The policy was implemented in accordance with international law.
B2 verb /ˈæmplɪˌfaɪ/

amplify

Meaning
to make sounds louder; to make something larger or more significant
Example
The microphone amplifies her voice.
C2 noun /əˈstɪɡmətɪzəm/

astigmatism

Meaning
An eye defect causing blurred vision due to irregular curvature of the cornea or lens.
Example
She wears glasses to correct her astigmatism.
C2 noun /əˈɡrɒnəmi/

agronomy

Meaning
The science and practice of soil management and crop production, focusing on the principles of plant and soil science to optimize agricultural productivity.
Example
Agronomy focuses on soil management and crop production.
C2 noun /ˌɔːskʌlˈteɪʃən/

auscultation

Meaning
The act of listening to internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope.
Example
The doctor performed auscultation to check the patient’s lungs.
C2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/

alienable

Meaning
Able to be transferred or surrendered, usually referring to rights or property.
Example
Property rights are alienable and can be sold or transferred.
B2 adjective /ænˈdʒelɪk/

angelic

Meaning
Like or characteristic of an angel; pure, kind, or innocent.
Example
The child had an angelic smile.
C2 noun /ˈiːsθiːt/ or /ˈɛsθiːt/

aesthete

Meaning
A person who has a special appreciation of art and beauty.
Example
The aesthete admired the subtle details of the painting.
C2 adjective/adverb /ˌæ.prəˈpoʊ/

apropos

Meaning
Appropriate to the situation; relevant. As an adverb, it means 'with reference to' or 'regarding'.
Example
His comments were not apropos of the discussion.
A2 noun /ˈæroʊ/

arrow

Meaning
a thin, straight weapon with a pointed tip, shot from a bow
Example
The hunter shot an arrow at the target.
C1 adverb /əˈraɪ/

awry

Meaning
away from the expected or proper direction; wrong or amiss
Example
The plan went awry when the weather suddenly changed.
B2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ən/

alien

Meaning
Belonging to a foreign country or nation; extraterrestrial.
Example
The telescope is capable of detecting alien signals.
C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

Meaning
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
Example
The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.
C2 verb /ˈærəˌɡeɪt/

arrogate

Meaning
To claim or take something without justification.
Example
The dictator arrogated all powers to himself.
B2 noun /əˈreɪ/

array

Meaning
an impressive display or arrangement of things
Example
The shop displayed an array of colorful dresses.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
C2 noun /əˈrɔɪ.oʊ/

arroyo

Meaning
A dry creek or stream bed that temporarily fills with water after heavy rain.
Example
After the storm, the arroyo quickly filled with rushing water.
C1 noun /ədˈhiːʒən/

adhesion

Meaning
the process or state of sticking to something
Example
Strong adhesion is needed for the tiles to stay in place.
C1 verb /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/

alienate

Meaning
To make someone feel isolated or estranged; to cause someone to become unfriendly.
Example
His rude behavior alienated many of his friends.
C2 noun /ˈævərɪs/

avarice

Meaning
extreme greed for wealth or material gain
Example
His avarice led him to exploit his workers.
C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

Meaning
A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies
Example
The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.
C2 verb /ˌæntɪˈsiːd/

antecede

Meaning
to come before in time or order
Example
A short introduction usually antecedes the main text.
B1 noun /ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ/

advertising

Meaning
the activity of producing advertisements for products or services
Example
The company spends millions on advertising every year.
C2 verb /əˈfaɪəns/

affiance

Meaning
to promise or pledge marriage; to formally engage
Example
They decided to affiance after years of friendship.
C1 adjective /æmˈbɪvələnt/

ambivalent

Meaning
Having mixed or contradictory feelings about something or someone.
Example
She was ambivalent about accepting the new job offer.
C1 verb ɔːɡˈmɛntɪŋ

augmenting

Meaning
Increasing; making something greater in size, number, or degree
Example
Life expectancy is augmenting with advancements in healthcare.
B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

Advantageous

Meaning
beneficial; favorable; profitable
Example
This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
C2 noun /ˌænθrəpəˈsɛntrɪzəm/

anthropocentrism

Meaning
The belief that human beings are the most important or central element of existence.
Example
Anthropocentrism often shapes environmental policies.
B1 adjective /ˈɔːkwəd/

awkward

Meaning
causing or feeling embarrassment; difficult to deal with
Example
There was an awkward silence after his joke.
C2 noun /ˈæk.rɪ.moʊ.ni/

acrimony

Meaning
Bitterness and anger, especially in speech or behavior.
Example
The divorce was filled with acrimony and disputes.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldər/

alder

Meaning
A type of tree from the birch family that typically grows in wet ground and has simple, serrated leaves.
Example
The alder trees grew thick along the riverbank.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

arability

Meaning
The quality of land being suitable for growing crops.
Example
The arability of land depends on soil quality and water availability.
A2 noun /ˈæk.ʃənz/

actions

Meaning
The fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.
Example
Immediate actions are needed for pollution control.
C2 verb /əˈbæʃ/

abash

Meaning
to make someone feel embarrassed or ashamed
Example
Her sudden question seemed to abash him.
B2 adjective /esˈθet.ɪk/

Aesthetic

Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
Good aesthetic design enhances product appeal.
C1 adjective /ˌæn.ɪkˈdoʊ.t̬əl/

anecdotal

Meaning
Based on personal accounts rather than facts or research; characterized by anecdotes.
Example
The book was filled with anecdotal evidence rather than data.
B2 noun /əˈnætəmi/

anatomy

Meaning
the study of the structure of living things, especially the human body
Example
She is studying human anatomy at medical school.
C1 adjective /əˈlʊr.ɪŋ/

Alluring

Meaning
attractive and tempting; fascinating
Example
The alluring fragrance of roses filled the garden.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

Meaning
A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.
B1 verb /əˈweɪk/

awake

Meaning
to stop sleeping; to become conscious or alert
Example
I awake every morning at six o'clock.
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

Meaning
The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.
Example
Budget allocation for education must be increased.
B1 verb /ədˈmaɪər/

admire

Meaning
To respect, appreciate, or look up to someone or something.
Example
I really admire her dedication to education.
C1 noun əˈniː.mi.ə

anemia

Meaning
A condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
Example
Genetic therapy addresses anemia effectively.
C2 noun /əˈdɛpt.nəs/

adeptness

Meaning
Skill and dexterity in a task.
Example
His adeptness in negotiations helped close the deal successfully.
B2 verb /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

accumulate

Meaning
to gather or collect things gradually over time
Example
She managed to accumulate a small fortune through wise investments.
B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning
A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.
Example
Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.
C1 noun ˈæk.si.əm

axiom

Meaning
A statement or principle that is considered true and does not require proof.
Example
Actions speak louder than words is a well-known axiom.
A2 adjective /ˈɔːfəl/

awful

Meaning
very bad or unpleasant
Example
The weather was awful during our trip.
B2 adjective /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

Adjustable

Meaning
নিয়মযোগ্য; পরিবর্তন-সাধ্য; সমন্বয়যোগ্য;
Example
This chair has an adjustable height feature.
B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/

achievable

Meaning
Able to be brought about or reached successfully.
Example
Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.
C2 adjective /əˈsiːtɪk/

acetic

Meaning
relating to or containing acetic acid; sour or vinegary in taste or smell
Example
The acetic smell of vinegar filled the kitchen.
C2 noun /əˌpɒθiˈoʊsɪs/

apotheosis

Meaning
The highest point of development; the perfect example of something; the elevation of someone to divine status.
Example
Many see the Renaissance as the apotheosis of art and culture in Europe.
C2 noun /ˌeɪd də ˈkæmp/

aide-de-camp

Meaning
A military officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer.
Example
The general was accompanied by his aide-de-camp during the ceremony.
B2 noun /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/

adaptability

Meaning
The quality of being able to adjust to new conditions or circumstances
Example
Adaptability to changing environments is crucial in business.
A1 determiner/pronoun /əˈnʌðər/

another

Meaning
one more person or thing of the same type
Example
Can I have another cup of tea?
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
B1 noun /ˈæmətər/

amateur

Meaning
A person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport or art, on an unpaid basis.
Example
The painting looked impressive, even though it was done by an amateur.
B1 adjective, verb /əˈproʊpriət/ (adj), /əˈproʊprieɪt/ (verb)

appropriate

Meaning
suitable or proper in the circumstances (adj); to take something for one’s own use, often without permission (verb)
Example
Wearing formal clothes was appropriate for the ceremony.
C2 noun /ˈænθrəsaɪt/

anthracite

Meaning
A hard, shiny form of coal that burns with little smoke and a high heat value.
Example
The factory used anthracite as its primary fuel source.
C2 noun /əˈdʌltərənt/

adulterant

Meaning
a substance added to something else, often food or drink, to reduce its quality or strength
Example
The laboratory found an adulterant in the milk samples.
C1 noun /ˈælɪɡəri/

allegory

Meaning
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, often moral or political
Example
The novel is an allegory of the struggle between good and evil.
B1 noun /eɪdz/

aids

Meaning
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease of the immune system caused by HIV
Example
AIDS is a major global health concern.
B1 noun /əˈsɛmbli/

assembly

Meaning
a group of people gathered together for a common purpose or the act of putting parts together to form something
Example
The school held an assembly to discuss the new rules.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ˌɛr.i/

apiary

Meaning
A place where beehives are kept, especially for commercial purposes.
Example
The farmer built a new apiary to produce organic honey.
A2 noun /ˈæŋ.ɡər/

Anger

Meaning
a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility
Example
His anger was evident when he slammed the door.
C1 noun esˈθet.ɪks

aesthetics

Meaning
A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art and design.
Example
Interior design focuses on aesthetics and functionality.
B1 noun /əˈkædəmi/

academy

Meaning
an institution of learning or training
Example
He enrolled in a military academy.
A2 verb /əˈplaɪ/

apply

Meaning
to make a formal request for something; to put into practice
Example
He decided to apply for the scholarship.
C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

Meaning
Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.
Example
The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.
C1 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/

Animosity

Meaning
strong hostility or dislike; active hatred or ill will
Example
There was clear animosity between the two rival teams.
C2 noun /əbˈdʌktər/

abductor

Meaning
a person who kidnaps or forcibly takes someone away
Example
The police arrested the abductor after a nationwide search.
B2 noun /eɪd/

aide

Meaning
An assistant or helper, especially to an important person.
Example
The senator’s aide organized the meeting with journalists.
C1 verb /əˈvɛndʒ/

avenge

Meaning
to inflict harm in return for an injury or wrong done to oneself or another
Example
He vowed to avenge his brother's death.
A2 noun /əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/

Appointment

Meaning
an arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place; the action of appointing someone to a job or position
Example
I have a doctor's appointment at 3 PM.
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
A2 adverb /əˈkrɒs/

Across

Meaning
from one side to the other side of something; in every part of a place
Example
The bridge stretches across the river.
C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

Meaning
A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.
Example
The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.
B2 noun /ˈædvərtaɪzər/

advertiser

Meaning
a person or company that advertises a product, service, or event
Example
The advertiser paid millions for a Super Bowl commercial spot.
A2 noun /ˈɛər.laɪn/

airline

Meaning
A company that provides regular flights for passengers and goods.
Example
The airline announced a discount on international tickets.
C1 adjective /ˈɛərˌtaɪt/

airtight

Meaning
Completely sealed so that no air can get in or out.
Example
Store the cookies in an airtight container to keep them fresh.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
B2 adverb /ˈɑːɡjuːəbli/

arguably

Meaning
used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people
Example
She is arguably the most talented player on the team.
A2 adjective /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

amazing

Meaning
causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing
Example
The magician performed an amazing trick.
B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

Meaning
to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration
Example
The audience applauded the performance.
A2 verb /ˈædɪd/

added

Meaning
to join something to something else to increase its size, number, or amount
Example
She added sugar to her coffee.
B2 noun /ˈæl.oʊ ˈvɪər.ə/

Aloe Vera

Meaning
a succulent plant with thick fleshy leaves and medicinal properties; produces tubular flowers
Example
The aloe vera plant blooms with orange or yellow tubular flowers.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrəl/

aural

Meaning
Relating to the ear or the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was an aural experience as well as an intellectual one.
C1 noun /əˈbreɪʒən/

abrasion

Meaning
a scrape or wearing away of the skin or surface due to friction
Example
He suffered a minor abrasion on his knee after falling.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
C1 noun /əˈboʊd/

abode

Meaning
a place of residence; a home
Example
They invited us to their humble abode.
B1 noun əˈreɪndʒmənt

arrangement

Meaning
The way things are organized, positioned, or structured.
Example
The arrangement of protons in the nucleus is critical.
C2 adjective /əˈkɪliən/

achillean

Meaning
like or characteristic of Achilles; strong but vulnerable
Example
His achillean pride made him blind to danger.
C1 adjective /ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk/

autocratic

Meaning
Relating to a ruler who has absolute power and does not consult others.
Example
The manager’s autocratic style discouraged employees from sharing their ideas.
B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

Meaning
A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.
Example
The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

Meaning
Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.
Example
Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.
C2 adjective /əˈbɑː.mə.nə.bəl/

abominable

Meaning
causing moral revulsion; extremely unpleasant
Example
The prisoners were kept in abominable conditions.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtləsnəs/

artlessness

Meaning
The quality of being natural and simple without deceit or pretension.
Example
Her artlessness made her beloved by all.
B2 noun /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Agony

Meaning
extreme physical or mental suffering; intense pain
Example
He was in agony after the accident.
C2 noun /ˈæktʃuˌɛri/

actuary

Meaning
A professional who analyzes financial risk using mathematics, statistics, and financial theory, especially in insurance and pensions.
Example
The actuary calculated the risk before finalizing the insurance policy.