C1 noun /ˈrəʊ.bɒt əˈsɪs.tɪd prəˈsiː.dʒərz/

robot-assisted procedures

роботизированные процедуры

Meaning

Medical operations performed with the help of robotic systems to enhance precision and control.

Example

Robot-assisted procedures reduce human error.

Роботизированные процедуры снижают человеческие ошибки.

B1 noun rɪˈzɪs.təns

resistance

сопротивление

Meaning

The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

Example

The resistance fought bravely against colonial forces.

Сопротивление сражалось отважно против колониальных сил.

C1 adjective /ˈreɪ.kɪʃ/

Rakish

дерзкий

Meaning

having a dashing, jaunty, or slightly disreputable quality or appearance

Example

He wore his hat at a rakish angle that gave him a charming appearance.

Он носил свою шляпу на дерзком углу, что придавало ему обаятельный вид.

C2 adjective /rɪˈdaʊ.tə.bəl/

redoubtable

ужасный/внушающий уважение

Meaning

formidable, especially as an opponent; inspiring fear or respect

Example

She was a redoubtable leader who commanded respect from all.

Она была ужасным лидером, который пользовался уважением всех.

C2 noun /ruːθ/

ruth

сострадание

Meaning

A feeling of pity, compassion, or sorrow.

Example

He felt no ruth for the people he had betrayed.

Он не почувствовал сострадания к людям, которых он предал.

B1 verb /rɪˈper/

repair

ремонтировать

Meaning

to fix something that is broken or damaged

Example

The mechanic will repair the car's engine tomorrow.

Механик отремонтирует двигатель автомобиля завтра.

C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

ратифицировать

Meaning

to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent

Example

The government ratified the trade agreement.

Правительство ратифицировало торговое соглашение.

B2 noun ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən

radiation

излучение

Meaning

The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.

Example

Radiation from the sun can be harmful without protection.

Радиация от солнца может быть опасной без защиты.

B2 adjective /ˈrek.ləs/

Reckless

безрассудный; неосторожный; опасный;

Meaning

acting without thinking about consequences; careless; dangerous;

Example

His reckless driving caused a serious accident.

Его безрассудное вождение привело к серьезной аварии.

A2 noun /ræt/

Rat

крыса

Meaning

a large long-tailed rodent that is typically considered a pest

Example

The rat scurried across the kitchen floor.

Крыса пробежала по кухонному полу.

C1 verb /riːˈpeɪ.tri.eɪt/

repatriate

репатриировать

Meaning

To return someone to their own country, often after war or imprisonment.

Example

The government worked to repatriate the refugees safely.

Правительство работало над тем, чтобы безопасно репатриировать беженцев.

B2 noun ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn

reconstruction

реконструкция

Meaning

The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.

Example

The reconstruction project took years.

Проект реконструкции занял годы.

C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

регионо-специфический

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.

Example

Climate change impacts are region-specific.

Воздействие изменения климата является специфическим для региона.

C1 verb /rɪˈnaʊns/

renounce

отказаться

Meaning

to formally declare rejection of something, such as a claim, belief, or way of life

Example

She renounced her citizenship to move abroad permanently.

Она отказалась от своего гражданства, чтобы переехать за границу на постоянное место жительства.

C1 noun /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

rehabilitation

счастье

Meaning

the process of restoring someone or something to health or normal life through training or therapy

Example

After the accident, he went through months of rehabilitation to walk again.

Она не смогла скрыть свое счастье, когда получила награду.

C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

быстрота

Meaning

The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.

Example

The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.

Быстрота технологических изменений потрясающе.

C1 adjective rɪˈlɛntləs

relentless

непреклонный

Meaning

Oppressively constant; incessant; showing no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace.

Example

The freedom fighters' relentless struggle led to victory.

Неустанная борьба борцов за свободу привела к победе.

C1 noun /ˌriː.pəˈkʌʃ.ən/

repercussion

последствие

Meaning

An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action.

Example

The economic crisis had severe repercussions on global trade.

Экономический кризис имел серьезные последствия для мировой торговли.

B2 verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

reinforce

усиливать

Meaning

To strengthen or support something with additional material, people, or effort.

Example

The teacher used examples to reinforce the lesson.

Учитель использовал примеры, чтобы усилить урок.

C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

роза вода

Meaning

a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics

Example

She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.

Она добавила несколько капель розовой воды в десерт.

C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

rejoicing

радость

Meaning

The action of showing great joy or happiness

Example

There was much rejoicing after the victory.

После победы было много радости.

A2 verb /rɪˈkwaɪər/

require

требовать

Meaning

to need something; to demand or insist on

Example

This job requires excellent communication skills.

Эта работа требует отличных коммуникативных навыков.

C2 verb /ˈrævɪʃ/

ravish

очаровывать

Meaning

To fill with intense delight; to captivate or enchant.

Example

The beauty of the sunset ravished the travelers.

Красота заката очаровала путешественников.

B2 verb /ˈruːɪn/

ruin

разрушать

Meaning

to destroy or damage beyond repair; to spoil completely

Example

Heavy rain could ruin our picnic plans.

Сильный дождь может разрушить наши планы на пикник.

C2 verb /ˈræŋ.kəl/

rankle

досаждать

Meaning

To cause continuing annoyance or resentment.

Example

His unfair criticism continued to rankle her for days.

Его несправедливая критика продолжала раздражать её в течение нескольких дней.

C1 noun /ˈreɪdiəns/

radiance

сияние

Meaning

the quality of shining with bright light; a glowing or beaming quality

Example

Her face was filled with radiance after hearing the good news.

Ее лицо было наполнено сиянием после того, как она услышала хорошие новости.

C2 noun /ˈreɪdɪks/

radix

основание

Meaning

the base or root of something; the number on which a system of numeration is built

Example

In mathematics, the decimal system has a radix of ten.

В математике десятичная система имеет основание десяти.

C2 adjective /ˌrɛpərˈtɔːriəl/

repertorial

репортерский

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a repertoire, especially in journalism or performance contexts.

Example

The journalist's repertorial style captured every detail of the unfolding story.

Репортерский стиль журналиста запечатлел каждую деталь разворачивающейся истории.

B1 noun ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst

rainforest

тропический лес

Meaning

A luxuriant, dense forest rich in biodiversity, found typically in tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall.

Example

The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of species.

Амазонский тропический лес является домом для миллионов видов.

A2 noun /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

running

бегать

Meaning

the action or sport of running

Example

Running every morning keeps me healthy.

Бегать каждое утро помогает мне оставаться здоровым.

C2 noun /ˈrʊkəri/

rookery

птичий питомник

Meaning

a place where rooks or other birds breed and nest in colonies

Example

We saw a rookery full of noisy birds near the forest.

Мы увидели птичий питомник, полный шумных птиц, рядом с лесом.

C2 noun /rɪˈfɛktəri/

refectory

столовая

Meaning

a dining hall, especially in a monastery, convent, or school

Example

Students had lunch in the refectory.

Студенты обедали в столовой.

B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

охотно; легко; без колебаний

Meaning

willingly; easily; without hesitation

Example

She readily agreed to help with the project.

Она охотно согласилась помочь с проектом.

C1 adjective /rɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/

Reversible

реверсивный

Meaning

able to be turned the other way around; able to be undone or changed back

Example

This jacket is reversible and can be worn on both sides.

Эта куртка реверсивная и её можно носить с обеих сторон.

C2 verb /rɪˈpaɪn/

repine

горевать

Meaning

To feel or express discontent or to long for something.

Example

She did not repine at her misfortune but worked harder to improve her life.

Она не горевала по поводу своей беды, а работала усерднее, чтобы улучшить свою жизнь.

C1 noun /rʌk/

Ruck

толкотня; беспорядочная толпа

Meaning

a situation where a crowd of people are pushing against each other; a disorderly crowd

Example

There was a ruck at the football match.

На футбольном матче была толкотня.

B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ/

reporting

репортаж

Meaning

the act of giving news or information about something

Example

Good reporting is essential for public awareness.

Хороший репортаж важен для общественного сознания.

C1 noun/verb /ˈræfəl/

raffle

продажа лотерейных билетов

Meaning

A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets, one or more of which are drawn at random for a prize; to sell something in such a lottery.

Example

The charity decided to raffle a bicycle to raise funds.

Благотворительная организация решила разыграть велосипед для сбора средств.

C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

предписанный курс медицинского лечения, образа жизни или диеты для поддержания или восстановления здоровья

Meaning

A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.

Example

A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.

Строгий режим упражнений улучшает общую физическую форму.

C2 verb /rɪˈkwaɪt/

requite

отплатить

Meaning

to return or repay a favor, service, or feeling

Example

She requited his kindness with a thoughtful gift.

Она отплатила его доброту вдумчивым подарком.

B2 noun /red liːf/

Red leaf

красные листья

Meaning

red-colored leafy vegetable; amaranth leaves used as greens

Example

Red leaf is rich in iron and is commonly eaten in Bengali households.

Красные листья богаты железом и часто употребляются в бенгальских домах.

C2 noun /rɪˈsɪʒən/

rescission

аннулирование

Meaning

the cancellation or annulment of a law, contract, or agreement

Example

The rescission of the contract left both parties disappointed.

Аннулирование контракта оставило обе стороны разочарованными.

C2 noun /riːm/

ream

пачка

Meaning

A large quantity of paper (typically 500 sheets); informally, a large amount of something.

Example

The office ordered ten reams of paper.

Офис заказал десять пачек бумаги.

C2 noun /ˌrɛtəˈrɪʃən/

rhetorician

оратор

Meaning

A person who is skilled in the art of rhetoric or persuasive speaking/writing.

Example

The rhetorician captivated the audience with his eloquence.

Оратор очаровал аудиторию своей красноречивостью.

B2 noun /rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/

Refreshment

освежение

Meaning

food and drink that is served as a light meal; something that refreshes

Example

We served light refreshments after the meeting.

Мы подали легкие освежения после встречи.

B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

Рептилия

Meaning

a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land

Example

The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.

Ящерица - это обычный рептилий, который встречается в садах.

B1 adverb /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/

Reasonably

разумно; в разумных пределах;

Meaning

in a sensible way; fairly; to a moderate degree

Example

The hotel room was reasonably priced for the location.

Номер в отеле был разумно оценен для этого местоположения.

C2 verb /rɪˈpruːv/

reprove

поругать

Meaning

to criticize or correct someone gently or disapprove of their actions

Example

The teacher reproved the student for being late.

Учитель отругал ученика за опоздание.

B2 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃənz

revolutions

революции

Meaning

Dramatic and wide-reaching changes in political, social, or economic systems, often involving the overthrow of a government or social order.

Example

Revolutions often lead to significant societal changes.

Революции часто приводят к значительным социальным изменениям.

B2 noun /ˈrɪdəl/

Riddle

загадка

Meaning

a question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity in ascertaining its answer or meaning; a puzzle

Example

The ancient riddle stumped all the scholars for years.

Древняя загадка сбивала с толку всех учёных на протяжении многих лет.

B2 noun /ˈruːmər/

rumor

слух

Meaning

a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.

Example

There’s a rumor that the company will merge next year.

Ходит слух, что компания объединится в следующем году.

A2 noun /ˈriː.zənz/

reasons

причины

Meaning

Causes, explanations, or justifications for an action or event.

Example

Reasons for pollution need addressing urgently.

Причины загрязнения требуют неотложного решения.

B2 adjective /rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/

reliant

зависимый

Meaning

depending on someone or something for support

Example

The country is too reliant on imported goods.

Страна слишком зависит от импортных товаров.

C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

реактивность

Meaning

The quality of reacting quickly and positively

Example

The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.

Менеджер оценил её реактивность на обратную связь от клиентов.

B1 noun rəʊlz

Roles

роль

Meaning

A person's or thing's function in a particular situation.

Example

Defined roles improve team performance.

Определенные роли улучшают производительность команды.

C1 verb /ˈruː.mɪ.neɪt/

ruminate

размышлять, жевать жвачку

Meaning

to think deeply about something; to chew cud (for animals)

Example

She sat alone to ruminate on her decision.

Она сидела одна, размышляя о своем решении.

B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

Regularity

регулярность

Meaning

the quality of being regular; occurring at fixed intervals or in a consistent pattern

Example

The regularity of his exercise routine helped him stay healthy.

Регулярность его тренировочного расписания помогла ему оставаться здоровым.

B1 noun rɪˈflɛkʃən

reflection

рефлексия

Meaning

Serious thought or consideration about something.

Example

The reflection of the past filled his heart with sadness.

Отражение прошлого наполнило его сердце печалью.

B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

освежить

Meaning

to make fresh again; to restore energy

Example

A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.

Холодный напиток освежает меня в жаркие дни.

B2 adjective /ˈrest.ləs/

Restless

беспокойный

Meaning

unable to rest or relax; constantly moving or fidgeting

Example

The child was restless during the long car journey.

Ребёнок был беспокойным во время долгой поездки на машине.

C2 noun /roʊˈtʌn.də/

rotunda

круглый зал

Meaning

a large circular building or hall, often with a dome

Example

Tourists gathered inside the grand rotunda of the capitol.

Туристы собрались внутри большой ротонды Капитолия.

C2 adjective /ˈrʌdi/

ruddy

румяный

Meaning

Having a healthy red color in the face.

Example

She had a ruddy complexion from working outdoors.

У неё был румяный цвет лица от работы на улице.

C1 noun /ˈrʌp.tʃər/

Rupture

разрыв; распад отношений

Meaning

breaking or bursting apart; breakdown of relations

Example

The rupture in the pipeline caused a massive oil spill.

Разрыв в трубопроводе вызвал массовый разлив нефти.

B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

быстро

Meaning

at a fast speed; quickly

Example

The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.

Компания быстро расширяется на новые рынки.

C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

озорной; хитрый

Meaning

mischievous; playfully dishonest

Example

His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.

Его озорная улыбка подсказывала, что он задумал какую-то шалость.

C1 noun /rɪˈpjuːt/

repute

репутация

Meaning

the opinion generally held of someone or something; reputation

Example

He is a scholar of great repute in his field.

Он учёный с большой репутацией в своей области.

C2 noun /rɪˈpruːf/

reproof

критика, осуждение

Meaning

An expression of blame or disapproval.

Example

His careless words drew a sharp reproof from his mother.

Его небрежные слова вызвали резкую критику со стороны его матери.

C2 noun /ruːd/

rood

крест

Meaning

a crucifix, especially one positioned above the entrance to the chancel of a church

Example

The old church displayed a carved rood above the altar.

Старый храм показывал вырезанный крест над алтарем.

B2 verb /rɪˈɡeɪn/

regain

восстанавливать

Meaning

to get back something that was lost; to recover

Example

He regains his strength after the illness.

Он восстанавливает свою силу после болезни.

A2 adverb /ˈriː.sənt.li/

Recently

недавно

Meaning

in the recent past; not long ago

Example

I recently moved to a new apartment.

Я недавно переехал в новую квартиру.

C1 noun /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/

reconnaissance

разведка

Meaning

A survey or exploration, especially for military or strategic purposes.

Example

The soldiers conducted a reconnaissance of the enemy camp.

Солдаты провели разведку вражеского лагеря.

A2 noun /ˈreɪl.weɪ/

Railway

железная дорога

Meaning

a track made of steel rails along which trains run; a system of tracks with trains, stations, and other facilities

Example

The railway connects major cities across the country.

Железная дорога соединяет крупные города страны.

C2 noun /rɪˈfɛkʃən/

refection

прием пищи / еда

Meaning

a meal or the act of taking food and drink

Example

The monks gathered for their evening refection.

Монахи собрались для вечернего приема пищи.

B1 adjective /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/

Remarkable

замечательный; исключительный; достойный внимания;

Meaning

worthy of attention; extraordinary; notable;

Example

His recovery from the illness was remarkable.

Его выздоровление от болезни было замечательным.

B2 verb /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/

reproduce

воспроизводить, производить потомство

Meaning

To make a copy of something; to generate offspring.

Example

Many animals reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions.

Многие животные быстро воспроизводятся в благоприятных условиях.

C2 adjective /ˈrɛstɪv/

restive

неспокойный

Meaning

unable to stay still or silent; restless and impatient

Example

The crowd grew restive as they waited for the concert to begin.

Толпа стала неспокойной, ожидая начала концерта.

A1 verb /rɪˈmembə/

remember

помнить

Meaning

to bring a past event back into one's mind; to keep in memory

Example

I remember my first day at school.

Я помню мой первый день в школе.

C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

порванный; изношенный; обветшалый

Meaning

torn; tattered; frayed; shabby

Example

The homeless man wore ragged clothes.

Бездомный мужчина носил порванную одежду.

B2 noun, verb /rɪər/

rear

задняя часть / растить

Meaning

the back part of something; to bring up or raise children or animals

Example

The mother cat reared her kittens in a quiet corner.

Мать кошка вырастила своих котят в тихом уголке.

B1 noun /ˌrɛp.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

reputation

репутация, известность

Meaning

The opinion generally held about someone or something; fame or prestige.

Example

A good reputation is essential for business success.

Хорошая репутация важна для успеха в бизнесе.

B2 noun, verb /ræmp/

ramp

рампа

Meaning

a sloping surface joining two different levels; as a verb, to increase or rise sharply

Example

The car drove up the ramp into the parking garage.

Машина поднялась по рампе в гараж.

B2 noun /ˈrɪə.lɪ.zəm/

realism

реализм

Meaning

The quality of representing things as they are; a practical or factual view.

Example

Her paintings are admired for their realism.

Её картины восхищают своим реализмом.

C2 verb /ˈræpsəˌdaɪz/

rhapsodize

восторженно говорить

Meaning

to speak or write with great enthusiasm and admiration

Example

He would often rhapsodize about his travels to Europe.

Он часто восторженно говорил о своих путешествиях по Европе.

C1 verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/

retaliate

отомстить

Meaning

to make an attack in return for a similar attack

Example

The army retaliated after the enemy attack.

Армия отомстила после атаки противника.

C2 adjective /ˈreə.rɪ.faɪd/

rarefied

возвышенный

Meaning

Of high moral, intellectual, or cultural value; distant from ordinary life.

Example

He works in the rarefied world of classical music.

Он работает в возвышенном мире классической музыки.

C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

отправить деньги / прощать

Meaning

To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.

Example

He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.

Он пообещал перевести оплату до конца недели.

B2 adverb /rɪˈpɔːtɪdli/

reportedly

по сообщениям

Meaning

according to what is said or believed, although not confirmed

Example

The company has reportedly agreed to the new terms.

Компания reportedly согласилась с новыми условиями.

C2 verb /rɪˈvaɪl/

revile

презирать

Meaning

to criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner

Example

The politician was reviled by the public for his corruption.

Политик был презираем общественностью за свою коррупцию.

C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

рецессивный

Meaning

In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.

Example

Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.

Синий цвет глаз часто является рецессивной чертой.

B2 noun /ˈrest.ləs.nəs/

Restlessness

беспокойство

Meaning

the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom

Example

His restlessness during the long meeting was obvious to everyone.

Его беспокойство во время длинной встречи было очевидно для всех.

B2 adjective /ˈrʌs.ti/

Rusty

ржавый; забытый; страдающий от недостатка практики

Meaning

affected by rust; out of practice; impaired by lack of recent practice

Example

My piano skills are rusty after not playing for years.

Мои навыки игры на пианино ржавые после нескольких лет без игры.

C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

искупление

Meaning

The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.

Example

The story highlights the theme of redemption.

История подчеркивает тему искупления.

B2 adjective /ræʃ/

rash

поспешный, необдуманный

Meaning

Acting quickly without careful consideration; reckless.

Example

It was a rash decision to invest without research.

Это было поспешное решение инвестировать без исследования.

B2 verb /reɪp/

rape

изнасилование

Meaning

to force someone to have sexual intercourse without their consent

Example

The law strictly punishes those who commit rape.

Закон строго наказывает тех, кто совершает изнасилование.

C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbl̩/

reprehensible

позорный

Meaning

Deserving strong criticism or blame.

Example

His dishonest actions were truly reprehensible.

Его нечестные поступки были по-настоящему позорными.

B1 adjective /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

Religious

религиозный; набожный; духовный; относящийся к религии;

Meaning

relating to or believing in a religion; devout; spiritual;

Example

He comes from a very religious family.

Он из очень религиозной семьи.

C2 noun /ˈrɛk.tɪ.tjuːd/

rectitude

праведность

Meaning

Morally correct behavior or thinking; righteousness and integrity.

Example

His rectitude earned him respect in society.

Его праведность принесла ему уважение в обществе.

C1 adjective /rɪˈvenʒ.fəl/

Revengeful

мстительный

Meaning

seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive

Example

He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend.

Он стал мстительным после того, как его предал друг.

B2 noun /'ræd.ɪʃ/

Radish

редис

Meaning

a small pungent edible root vegetable with white or red skin

Example

The farmer harvested fresh radishes from the garden.

Фермер собрал свежие редиски из сада.

C1 adjective /rɪˈpjuː.t̬ɪd/

Reputed

репутация; известный

Meaning

generally said or believed to be; having a particular reputation

Example

He is reputed to be one of the best doctors in the country.

Он считается одним из лучших врачей в стране.

B1 noun ruːlz ənd ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz

rules and regulations

правила и регламенты

Meaning

Official orders and laws that control how something is done.

Example

Rules and regulations alone cannot change attitudes.

Правила и регламенты не могут изменить отношение сами по себе.

A2 verb /rɪŋ/

ring

звонить

Meaning

to make a clear sound like a bell; to call by telephone

Example

The bell rings every hour.

Колокол звонит каждый час.

A2 adverb /ˈrɑː.ðər/

Rather

скорее; вместо;

Meaning

to some extent; instead; preferably

Example

I would rather stay home than go to the party.

Я бы предпочел остаться дома, чем пойти на вечеринку.

C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

овраг

Meaning

A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.

Example

The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.

Река прорезала глубокий овраг через горы.

A1 noun /raɪs/

Rice

рис

Meaning

a cereal grain that is a staple food in many countries

Example

We eat rice with curry for dinner.

Мы едим рис с карри на ужин.

B1 noun /ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv/

representative

представитель

Meaning

A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others.

Example

The representative addressed critical issues.

Представитель обсудил важные вопросы.

B2 noun /rʌst/

Rust

ржавчина

Meaning

reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation; corrosion

Example

The old car was covered in rust after years of neglect.

Старый автомобиль был покрыт ржавчиной после многих лет пренебрежения.

B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

republic

республика

Meaning

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Example

A republic is governed by representatives of the people.

Республика управляется представителями народа.

B2 verb /roʊm/

roam

блуждать

Meaning

to walk or travel without a specific destination; to wander

Example

Wild animals roam freely in the forest.

Дикие животные бродят по лесу свободно.

репарации

Meaning

the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged

Example

The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.

Правительство предложило репарации жертвам конфликта.