C2 adjective /ˌɛfəˈvɛsənt/

effervescent

жизнерадостный

Meaning

Giving off bubbles; lively, enthusiastic, and full of energy.

Example

She had an effervescent personality that brightened every room.

У неё была жизнерадостная личность, которая освещала каждую комнату.

C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

утешение

Meaning

comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness

Example

She found solace in music after her loss.

Она нашла утешение в музыке после своей утраты.

B2 verb ˈɛkəʊd

echoed

отразилось

Meaning

To repeat or resound; to be reminiscent of something.

Example

The words of gratitude echoed in his heart.

Слова благодарности отозвались в его сердце.

C1 verb /ˈlæmɪˌneɪt/

laminate

ламинировать

Meaning

to cover or enclose something with a protective layer, usually plastic

Example

She laminated her important documents to protect them from damage.

Она ламинировала свои важные документы, чтобы защитить их от повреждений.

B1 adjective /əˈdɪʃənəl/

additional

дополнительный

Meaning

added, extra, or supplementary to what already exists

Example

The teacher gave the students additional homework.

Учитель дал ученикам дополнительную домашнюю работу.

B2 noun /ˈpɑː.tɪ.klz/

particles

частицы

Meaning

Minute portions of matter.

Example

PM2.5 particles harm respiratory health.

Частицы PM2.5 наносят вред дыхательному здоровью.

C1 adjective daɪˈvɜː.dʒənt

divergent

дивергентный

Meaning

Tending to be different or develop in different directions

Example

Divergent policies create challenges in collaboration.

Дивергентные политики создают проблемы в сотрудничестве.

C2 noun /əˈspær.ə.ɡəs biːn/

Asparagus bean

аспарагус боб

Meaning

a long, thin green vegetable pod that grows on vines; also known as yard-long bean

Example

The asparagus bean grows up to three feet long and is commonly used in Asian cooking.

Аспарагус боб вырастает до трех футов в длину и часто используется в азиатской кухне.

C1 verb /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/

insulate

изолировать

Meaning

To protect something by covering it, especially to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering.

Example

The house was insulated to reduce heating costs.

Дом был изолирован для снижения отопительных расходов.

C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

конкордат

Meaning

An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.

Example

The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.

Конкордат установил права церкви в стране.

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/

philosophy

философия

Meaning

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

Her philosophy emphasizes kindness and empathy.

Ее философия подчеркивает доброту и эмпатию.

B2 verb /ɪnˈlaɪtən/

enlighten

счастье

Meaning

to give someone greater knowledge or understanding about a subject or situation

Example

The teacher tried to enlighten the students about ancient history.

Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.

B1 noun /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

effective communication

эффективная коммуникация

Meaning

Clear and meaningful exchange of information that achieves its intended purpose.

Example

Effective communication is key to strong relationships.

Эффективная коммуникация - это ключ к крепким отношениям.

B1 verb /rɪˈflekt/

reflect

отражать

Meaning

to think deeply about; to mirror back light or image

Example

The mirror reflects her beautiful face.

Зеркало отражает её красивое лицо.

A2 verb /rɪˈpiːt/

repeat

повторить

Meaning

to say or do something again

Example

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Можете ли вы повторить то, что только что сказали?

B2 adverb /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

anxiously

тревожно

Meaning

in a worried, nervous, or uneasy manner; with anxious anticipation

Example

She waited anxiously for the exam results.

Она тревожно ждала результатов экзамена.

B1 noun /ˈwiːknəs/

weakness

слабость

Meaning

a state of being weak; a flaw or shortcoming in character or structure

Example

His main weakness is his lack of patience.

Его главная слабость — это отсутствие терпения.

C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

живой

Meaning

Attractively lively and animated.

Example

She was admired for her vivacious personality.

Она была восхищена за свою живую личность.

A2 adjective/noun /ˈɪndiən/

indian

индийский

Meaning

Relating to India, its people, or their culture.

Example

She loves Indian food, especially biryani.

Ей нравится индийская еда, особенно бирьяни.

B2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tiˈpɜː.pəs/

Multipurpose

многофункциональный

Meaning

having multiple uses or functions; versatile

Example

This multipurpose tool can be used as a knife, screwdriver, and bottle opener.

Этот многофункциональный инструмент может использоваться как нож, отвертка и открывалка для бутылок.

C1 verb ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt

fluctuate

флуктуировать

Meaning

To regularly increase or decrease.

Example

Stock prices fluctuate due to market conditions.

Цены на акции колеблются в зависимости от рыночных условий.

A1 verb /bɪˈɡɪn/

begin

начинать

Meaning

to start doing something; to commence

Example

I will begin my studies tomorrow.

Я начну учёбу завтра.

A1 adverb /soʊ/

so

так

Meaning

to such a degree or extent

Example

She was so happy with the gift.

Она была так счастлива с подарком.

C2 noun /ˈmæn.li.nəs/

manliness

мужественность

Meaning

The quality of being manly; courage, strength, and honor associated with men.

Example

His manliness was admired by his peers.

Его мужественность была восхищена его сверстниками.

C1 adjective /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/

degraded

деградированный

Meaning

Reduced in quality, dignity, or condition.

Example

The villagers were forced to live in degraded conditions.

Жители деревни были вынуждены жить в деградированных условиях.

B2 adjective /ˈpen.dɪŋ/

Pending

в ожидании; не решено; в процессе

Meaning

awaiting; not yet decided or settled; in the process of being completed

Example

The application is still pending approval.

Заявка все еще ожидает одобрения.

B2 noun /dɛk/

deck

палуба / платформа

Meaning

A flat surface or platform, often on a ship or building.

Example

We enjoyed the sunset from the upper deck of the ferry.

Мы наслаждались закатом с верхней палубы парома.

C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

симметрия

Meaning

the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other

Example

The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.

Симметрия здания произвела впечатление на посетителей.

C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

измена

Meaning

the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government

Example

He was accused of treason against the state.

Его обвинили в измене против государства.

A2 adjective /ˈreɪ.ni/

Rainy

дождливый

Meaning

characterized by rain; wet from rain; having much rain

Example

It was a rainy day, so we stayed indoors.

Это был дождливый день, поэтому мы остались внутри.

C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ɪ.staɪn/

philistine

человек, равнодушный или враждебный к культуре и искусству

Meaning

a person who is indifferent or hostile to culture and the arts

Example

He was criticized as a philistine for dismissing modern art.

Его критиковали как филистинца за то, что он отверг современное искусство.

C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

раскрыть

Meaning

to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown

Example

She refused to divulge the source of her information.

Она отказалась раскрыть источник своей информации.

A2 noun /skɪn/

Skin

кожа

Meaning

the outer covering of the body; the natural outer covering of a fruit or vegetable

Example

Her skin was soft and smooth.

Её кожа была мягкой и гладкой.

C1 verb /dɪˈraɪd/

deride

насмехаться

Meaning

to mock or ridicule someone or something

Example

The critics derided the new movie for its poor script.

Критики насмехались над новым фильмом за его плохой сценарий.

C1 noun /məˈtɜːrnəti/

Maternity

материнство

Meaning

The state of being a mother; motherhood

Example

The hospital has an excellent maternity ward for new mothers.

В больнице есть отличное родильное отделение для новых матерей.

B2 phrase teɪk ˈpɜː.sən.əl.i

take personally

воспринимать лично

Meaning

To interpret someone's words or actions as a personal attack or criticism.

Example

Don't take it personally, he didn't mean to upset you.

Не воспринимай это лично, он не хотел тебя обидеть.

B1 noun /ɡuːs/

Goose

гусь

Meaning

large waterbird with a long neck and webbed feet

Example

The goose swam gracefully across the pond.

Гусь плавал грациозно через пруд.

B1 adjective /faɪˈnænʃəl/

financial

финансовый

Meaning

relating to money, banking, or finance

Example

He made a sound financial decision by investing wisely.

Он принял обоснованное финансовое решение, мудро инвестируя.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃiːzi/

cheesy

дешевый/слишком сентиментальный

Meaning

tacky, overly sentimental, or cheap in quality

Example

The movie was funny but a bit too cheesy.

Фильм был смешным, но немного слишком банальным.

C2 noun /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/

homeostasis

внутреннее равновесие тела, физиологическая стабильность, поддерживаемая физиологическими процессами

Meaning

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

Example

The human body maintains homeostasis through temperature regulation.

Человеческое тело поддерживает гомеостаз через регулирование температуры.

C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

анимировать

Meaning

to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons

Example

The artist will animate the characters for the movie.

Художник будет анимировать персонажей для фильма.

B2 verb /ɪkˈskluːd/

exclude

исключать

Meaning

To deliberately leave out or prevent someone or something from being included.

Example

The list excludes temporary workers.

Список исключает временных работников.

B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

устойчивость

Meaning

The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.

Example

Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.

Устойчивость обеспечивает долгосрочное экологическое здоровье.

B2 noun /ˈoʊvərpæs/

overpass

эстакада

Meaning

A bridge that carries one road or railway over another.

Example

The new overpass reduced traffic congestion in the city.

Новая эстакада уменьшила заторы на дорогах города.

C2 adjective /məˈlɛfɪsənt/

maleficent

злой

Meaning

Causing harm or destruction, especially by supernatural means.

Example

The maleficent witch cursed the young princess.

Злая ведьма прокляла молодую принцессу.

B1 verb /hiːl/

heal

исцелять

Meaning

to cure; to become healthy again

Example

Time will heal all wounds.

Время исцелит все раны.

B1 adverb /ˈhaɪli/

highly

высоко

Meaning

to a great degree; very

Example

She is highly respected in her field.

Она высоко уважает в своей области.

C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Meaning

The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.

Example

The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.

C2 noun /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

catabolism

катаболизм

Meaning

The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

Example

Catabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.

Катаболизм играет ключевую роль в производстве энергии клетками.

A1 noun /ɡɪft/

Gift

подарок; дар;

Meaning

a thing given willingly to someone without payment; a present; a natural ability or talent

Example

She received a beautiful jewelry gift from her grandmother on her birthday.

Она получила красивый подарок в виде ювелирных украшений от бабушки на свой день рождения.

C2 noun /ɜːrˈbænɪti/

urbanity

урбанизм

Meaning

refined courtesy, elegance, and sophistication in manner

Example

Her urbanity made her popular among diplomats and leaders.

Ее урбанизм сделал ее популярной среди дипломатов и лидеров.

A2 noun /ˈlev.əl/

level

уровень

Meaning

A position on a real or imaginary scale of amount, quantity, extent, or quality.

Example

Pollution levels must be reduced urgently.

Уровни загрязнения должны быть срочно уменьшены.

C2 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪnəs/

mutinous

мятежный

Meaning

refusing to obey authority; rebellious

Example

The soldiers grew mutinous after months without pay.

Солдаты стали мятежными после месяцев без оплаты.

A2 noun /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/

Luggage

багаж

Meaning

suitcases or other bags in which to pack personal belongings for traveling

Example

Please check your luggage at the airport counter.

Пожалуйста, проверьте свой багаж на стойке регистрации в аэропорту.

B2 noun /ˈdraɪv.weɪ/

driveway

подъездная дорога

Meaning

a short private road leading from a street to a house or garage

Example

The car was parked in the driveway next to the garden.

Машина была припаркована на подъездной дороге рядом с садом.

B2 noun /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

viewpoint

точка зрения

Meaning

a particular attitude or way of considering a matter

Example

From his viewpoint, the situation was hopeless.

С его точки зрения ситуация была безнадежной.

B2 verb /rɪˈkleɪm/

reclaim

восстанавливать

Meaning

To take back or recover something; to restore to a usable state.

Example

The farmer worked to reclaim the barren land.

Фермер работал, чтобы восстановить бесплодную землю.

C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

вокатив

Meaning

relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone

Example

In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.

В латинском языке вокатив используется для прямого обращения к кому-то по имени.

C1 adjective /ˈdeɪnti/

dainty

нежный и красивый

Meaning

Delicately small, pretty, and often considered elegant.

Example

She wore a dainty necklace made of pearls.

Она носила нежное ожерелье из жемчуга.

B2 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/

phishing

мошенничество с фишингом

Meaning

The fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information.

Example

Phishing emails often trick people into revealing passwords.

Фишинг-имейлы часто обманывают людей, заставляя их раскрывать пароли.

A1 adjective /nɛkst/

lint

пух

Meaning

small soft fibers that come off cloth, often found in dryers or on clothes

Example

There was lint all over his black shirt after the wash.

После стирки на его черной рубашке был пух.

A2 noun /ˈæk.ʃənz/

actions

действия

Meaning

The fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.

Example

Immediate actions are needed for pollution control.

Необходимы немедленные действия для контроля загрязнения.

A1 noun /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

building

здание

Meaning

A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, or office.

Example

The old building was renovated into a museum.

Старое здание было отремонтировано и превращено в музей.

B2 adjective + noun ˈɒptɪməl ˈtempərətʃər

optimal temperature

оптимальная температура

Meaning

The best or most favorable temperature for a particular purpose

Example

Winter provides optimal temperature for farming.

Зима предоставляет оптимальную температуру для сельского хозяйства.

B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃənz/

creations

творения

Meaning

Things that have been created, especially works of art or imaginative works.

Example

His creations astonished the world.

Его творения поразили мир.

C1 noun /ˈpeɪɡən/

Pagan

язычник

Meaning

A person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.

Example

The village still kept some pagan traditions alive.

Деревня всё ещё сохраняла некоторые языческие традиции.

A1 adverb /aʊt/

out

наружу

Meaning

moving or appearing away from the inside or center; not at home or present

Example

He stepped out of the room quietly.

Он тихо вышел из комнаты.

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəl/

Rival

соперник; конкурент;

Meaning

a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field

Example

The two companies have been business rivals for decades.

Две компании являются коммерческими соперниками на протяжении десятилетий.

C1 noun /ˈtɪrəni/

tyranny

тирания

Meaning

Cruel and oppressive government or rule by a tyrant.

Example

The people revolted against the tyranny of their ruler.

Люди восстали против тирании их правителя.

B1 noun ˈkeɪ.bəl

cable

кабель

Meaning

A thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, or transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.

Example

The cable connects countries across continents.

Кабель соединяет страны через континенты.

C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

демографический переход

Meaning

A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically

Example

The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.

Демографический переход указывает на изменение в сторону стареющего общества.

B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

ворон

Meaning

a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call

Example

The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.

Ворон каркал громко с ветки дерева.

C2 adjective /ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt/

maladroit

неуклюжий

Meaning

clumsy or awkward in movement or behavior

Example

His maladroit attempt at fixing the chair made it worse.

Его неуклюжая попытка починить стул только ухудшила ситуацию.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/

industrious

трудолюбивый

Meaning

Hardworking and diligent in one's duties.

Example

She is an industrious student who always completes her assignments on time.

Она трудолюбивый студент, который всегда выполняет свои задания вовремя.

C2 adjective /ˈnjuːbaɪl/

nubile

девушка

Meaning

of a young woman, sexually mature and suitable for marriage

Example

The village was celebrating the festival with its nubile maidens dancing.

Деревня праздновала фестиваль с ее девицами, танцующими.

B1 noun /sɔɪl/

soil

почва

Meaning

The upper layer of earth in which plants grow.

Example

The soil in this area is reddish.

Почва в этой области красноватая.

A2 verb /əˈraɪv/

arrive

прибывать

Meaning

to reach a destination; to come to a place

Example

The train will arrive at the station in ten minutes.

Поезд прибудет на станцию через десять минут.

A2 noun /ˈsteɪʃən/

station

станция

Meaning

a place where a particular service is provided, especially for transportation

Example

We arrived at the station just in time for the train.

Мы прибыли на станцию как раз к поезду.

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

доверенная подруга

Meaning

A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.

Example

The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.

Слуга королевы стала ее самой доверенной подругой.

C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

заговорить

Meaning

to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal

Example

They conspired to overthrow the government.

Они сговорились, чтобы свергнуть правительство.

C1 verb /ʌnˈkɔrk/

uncork

откупоривать

Meaning

To remove the cork from a bottle; to open a bottle, especially of wine

Example

He uncorked the wine and poured a glass for everyone.

Он откупорил вино и налил бокал для всех.

C2 adjective /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/

pejorative

презрительный

Meaning

Expressing contempt or disapproval.

Example

He used pejorative terms to insult his opponents.

Он использовал презрительные выражения, чтобы оскорбить своих противников.

A2 modal verb /ɔːt/

ought

следует

Meaning

Used to indicate duty, correctness, or moral obligation.

Example

You ought to respect your elders.

Тебе следует уважать старших.

C1 adjective /ˈɔːrdɪnəl/

ordinal

порядковый

Meaning

Relating to the order or position of something in a sequence (first, second, third, etc.).

Example

The ordinal number 'third' indicates position in a sequence.

Число 'третий' порядковое указывает на позицию в последовательности.

B2 noun /ˈtiːmmeɪt/

teammate

товарищ по команде

Meaning

a member of the same team

Example

He congratulated his teammate after scoring the goal.

Он поздравил своего товарища по команде после того, как забил гол.

B1 noun /ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/

Universe

вселенная

Meaning

all existing matter and space; the cosmos

Example

Scientists study the universe to understand its mysteries.

Учёные изучают вселенную, чтобы понять её тайны.

A2 adjective /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

Traditional

традиционный

Meaning

relating to or following long-established customs; conventional

Example

They had a traditional wedding ceremony.

У них была традиционная свадебная церемония.

C2 verb /ˌæpərˈteɪn/

appertain

относиться

Meaning

to relate to or be connected with something

Example

The rules only appertain to members of the club.

Правила касаются только членов клуба.

B2 adjective /ˈfraɪtfəl/

frightful

ужасный

Meaning

causing fear or horror; very unpleasant

Example

The hikers faced frightful weather conditions on the mountain.

Путешественники столкнулись с ужасными погодными условиями в горах.

C2 noun ˈvaɪ.və ˈvəʊs

viva voce

устный экзамен

Meaning

An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.

Example

Viva Voce tests communication skills.

Экзамен Viva Voce оценивает коммуникативные навыки.

B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

хитрый

Meaning

Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.

Example

The cunning fox tricked the farmer.

Хитрая лиса обманула фермера.

C2 verb /kəˈlʌmnieɪt/

calumniate

клеветать

Meaning

To make false and damaging statements about someone; to slander.

Example

He was furious when he realized they had calumniated his reputation.

Он был в ярости, когда понял, что они клеветали на его репутацию.

B2 noun /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

Purity

чистота; чистота; свобода от загрязнений

Meaning

the state of being pure; cleanness or freedom from contamination

Example

The purity of the mountain water was remarkable.

Чистота горной воды была замечательной.

C2 adjective /ˈfætʃuəs/

fatuous

тупой

Meaning

silly or foolish, especially in a self-satisfied way

Example

His fatuous comments during the meeting annoyed everyone.

Его тупые комментарии на собрании раздражали всех.

B1 noun /ˈsɜːvənt/

servant

слуга

Meaning

a person who performs duties for others, especially in a household

Example

The servant opened the door for the guests.

Слуга открыл дверь для гостей.

C1 noun /ˈmɛdli/

medley

смесь

Meaning

A mixture of different things, especially musical tunes combined together.

Example

The band played a medley of popular songs.

Группа сыграла смесь популярных песен.

B1 noun, verb /toʊn/

tone

тон

Meaning

the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

Example

The tone of the letter was very formal.

Тон письма был очень формальным.

C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡrəs/

Tigress

тигрица

Meaning

an adult female tiger

Example

The powerful tigress hunted silently through the jungle.

Могущественная тигрица охотилась тихо через джунгли.

C2 adjective /kəˈrɛlətɪv/

correlative

коррелятивный

Meaning

having a mutual relationship; corresponding

Example

The increase in temperature is correlative with the melting of glaciers.

Рост температуры коррелирует с таянием ледников.

B2 noun /ədˈvɛntʃərər/

adventurer

авантюрист

Meaning

a person who seeks exciting, risky, or unusual experiences; someone who explores new or unknown places

Example

The adventurer traveled deep into the jungle in search of ancient ruins.

Авантюрист отправился глубоко в джунгли в поисках древних руин.

A1 noun /praɪs/

price

цена

Meaning

the amount of money expected, required, or given for something

Example

The price of the car has increased recently.

Цена машины недавно увеличилась.

C1 verb /ˈræn.sæk/

ransack

грабить

Meaning

to search a place roughly and steal or damage things

Example

Burglars ransacked the house while the family was away.

Грабители обыскали дом, пока семья была в отъезде.

C1 verb /ʌnˈsɛtl/

unsettle

встревожить

Meaning

To disturb or make someone feel anxious or uneasy.

Example

The sudden news unsettled the entire community.

Внезапные новости обеспокоили всю общину.

B2 noun /ˈpriːmiəm/

premium

премия

Meaning

an amount of money paid regularly for an insurance policy; something of superior quality or value

Example

You need to pay your insurance premium every year.

Вам нужно платить вашу страховую премию каждый год.

B1 noun

Kindness

доброта; доброжелательность; милосердие

C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

крайность

Meaning

The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.

Example

He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.

Его довели до крайности его терпения.

B2 noun /ˌmɒd.ən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

modernization

модернизация

Meaning

The process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.

Example

Modernization of industries reduces pollution.

Модернизация промышленности уменьшает загрязнение.

C1 adjective/verb /ˈleɪ.bərd/

labored

трудный

Meaning

done with great effort and difficulty; or past tense of labor

Example

He gave a labored explanation that confused the audience.

Он дал напряжённое объяснение, которое сбило с толку аудиторию.

B2 verb /ɛksˈheɪl/

exhale

выдыхать

Meaning

to breathe out air from the lungs

Example

She slowly exhaled after holding her breath.

Она медленно выдохнула после того, как задержала дыхание.

C1 adjective ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ

burgeoning

растущий

Meaning

Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.

Example

The burgeoning tech industry has attracted many investors.

Технологическая отрасль, набирающая обороты, привлекла много инвесторов.

C1 noun /tɔːrk/

torque

Meaning

A twisting force that causes rotation.

Example

The mechanic measured the torque of the engine.

A1 determiner/pronoun/conjunction/adverb /ˈaɪðər/ or /ˈiːðər/

either

либо

Meaning

Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.

Example

You can either call me tonight or send me an email.

Вы можете либо позвонить мне сегодня вечером, либо отправить мне электронное письмо.

C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

смять

Meaning

to crush something into folds or wrinkles

Example

He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.

Он смял бумагу и бросил её в корзину.

C1 verb /ˈɡlɪsən/

glisten

блестеть

Meaning

To shine with a sparkling light, often when wet or polished.

Example

The grass glistened with morning dew.

Трава блестела с утренней росой.

B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

преемник

Meaning

a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role

Example

The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.

Генеральный директор объявил о своей отставке и назначил своего преемника для компании.

B2 noun /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/

Validity

действительность

Meaning

the quality of being legally or officially acceptable; the quality of being logically or factually sound

Example

The validity of the contract expires next month.

Действительность контракта истекает в следующем месяце.

C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

просеять / внимательно осматривать

Meaning

to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely

Example

She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.

Она просеяла муку, прежде чем добавить ее в тесто для торта.

C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

внезапная острая боль или эмоциональное страдание

Meaning

a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress

Example

She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.

Она почувствовала пэнг вины после ссоры.

A2 adjective /kjuːt/

cute

милый

Meaning

attractive in a pretty or endearing way

Example

That puppy is so cute!

Этот щенок такой милый!

C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

пропитание

Meaning

The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.

Example

Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.

Многие фермеры зависят от натурального хозяйства.