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C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

космический, обширный
Meaning
relating to the universe or cosmos; vast
Example
Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.
Астрономы изучают космические явления, чтобы понять вселенную.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛntɪɡreɪd/

centigrade

Цельсий (центиград)
Meaning
Relating to the Celsius temperature scale, where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.
Example
The weather forecast predicted 30 degrees centigrade.
Прогноз погоды предсказал 30 градусов Цельсия.
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

обеспечение, залог, актив, предоставленный в качестве обеспечения кредита
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
Банк требует обеспечение для одобрения кредита.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

кавалерия
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
Кавалерия с большим ускорением атаковала поле.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

взбираться с усилием
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Дети взбирались по скалам, чтобы добраться до пещеры.
B2 noun ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm

capitalism

капитализм
Meaning
An economic system where trade, industry and production are privately owned and operated for profit.
Example
Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.
Капитализм поощряет инновации и конкуренцию.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

кардиологический
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
Пациент был принят с кардиологическим заболеванием.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑːrt/

counterpart

аналог
Meaning
a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another
Example
The CEO met with his counterpart in the partner company.
Генеральный директор встретился со своим аналогом в партнерской компании.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.kɔːd/

concord

согласие или гармония
Meaning
Agreement or harmony between people or groups.
Example
The leaders worked towards international concord.
Лидеры работали для достижения международного согласия.
C2 verb /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb/

circumscribe

ограничивать
Meaning
to limit or restrict something within boundaries
Example
The rules circumscribe the powers of the committee.
Правила ограничивают полномочия комитета.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

кристаллизовать
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Её неопределённые мысли начали кристаллизоваться в чёткий план.
C2 verb /kəˈvɔrt/

cavort

прыгать с радостью
Meaning
to jump or dance around excitedly
Example
The children cavorted happily in the garden.
Дети прыгали с радостью в саду.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

обильный
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Она сделала обильные записи во время лекции.
C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

конгломерат
Meaning
A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.
Example
The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.
Компания превратилась в многонациональный конгломерат.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

капитулировать
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
Армия не имела другого выбора, как капитулировать перед врагом.
C2 noun /tʃəˈmeɪ.li/

Chameli

жасмин
Meaning
a variety of jasmine flower with small white fragrant petals
Example
The chameli flowers are commonly used to make garlands and perfumes.
Цветы жасмина обычно используют для изготовления гирлянд и духов.
B1 adjective kəˈmɜː.ʃəl

commercial

коммерческий
Meaning
Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.
Example
Commercial hubs attract investments.
Коммерческие центры привлекают инвестиции.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

компенсировать
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
Упражнения могут компенсировать негативные последствия стресса.
B1 verb /kəmˈbaɪn/

combine

объединить
Meaning
To bring two or more things together to form a single unit.
Example
They decided to combine their resources for the project.
Они решили объединить свои ресурсы для проекта.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

складной
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
Она купила складной стул для кемпинга.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

цитадель
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
Древняя цитадель защищала город на протяжении веков.
A2 verb /kənˈsɪdər/

consider

рассматривать
Meaning
to think carefully about something, especially before making a decision
Example
She is considering studying abroad next year.
Она рассматривает возможность учебы за границей в следующем году.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

вызывать
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Фокусник призвал кролика из шляпы.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑl/

Cabal

кабала
Meaning
a secret political clique or faction
Example
The journalists exposed a cabal of corrupt politicians working together.
Журналисты раскрыли кабалу коррумпированных политиков, работающих вместе.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkæŋkər/

canker

язва
Meaning
A fungal disease of plants; an ulcerous sore in the mouth; to corrupt or destroy slowly
Example
The tree was infected with a canker that damaged its bark.
Дерево было заражено канкером, который повредил его кору.
C1 verb /klæsp/

clasp

схватить / застежка
Meaning
to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening
Example
She clasped her hands together in prayer.
Она сжала руки вместе в молитве.
A2 noun /klɔːθ/

Cloth

ткань
Meaning
woven or felted fabric made from wool, cotton, or a similar fiber
Example
The tailor cut the cloth into precise pieces.
Портной нарезал ткань на точные кусочки.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

совмещённый
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
Совместные усилия команды привели к успеху.
B2 adjective kənˈven.ʃən.əl

conventional

традиционный
Meaning
Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; traditional, standard, customary.
Example
Many farmers still use conventional farming methods.
Многие фермеры до сих пор используют традиционные методы земледелия.
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪd/

confide

Meaning
To tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
He confided his worries to his best friend.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

презренный, достойный презрения
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Его обманные действия были действительно презренными.
B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

благотворительность; щедрость; альтруизм
Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
Богатый бизнесмен пожертвовал миллионы на благотворительность для образования.
B1 noun /kəˈrɛkʃən/

correction

коррекция
Meaning
the action or process of correcting something
Example
The teacher made a correction to the student's essay.
Учитель внес коррекцию в сочинение студента.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

советник
Meaning
an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community
Example
The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.
Советник говорил о местных дорогах.
B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

потребление
Meaning
The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.
Example
High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.
Высокое потребление энергии приводит к увеличению счетов за электричество.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɒtʃ.ə.ti/

crotchety

сердитый
Meaning
bad-tempered, easily annoyed, and often complaining
Example
The crotchety old man yelled at the children for playing near his house.
Сердитый старик кричал на детей, играющих рядом с его домом.
C2 noun ˌsaɪ.bəˈnet.ɪks

cybernetics

кибернетика
Meaning
The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Example
Cybernetics plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence.
Кибернетика играет ключевую роль в искусственном интеллекте.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrkəs/

carcass

труп животного
Meaning
the dead body of an animal, especially after being slaughtered
Example
Vultures fed on the carcass left in the field.
Стервятники питались трупом, оставшимся на поле.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

котел
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
Ведьма помешивала свое зелье в большом котле.
C2 adjective /kəˈnaɪ.vɪŋ/

conniving

коварный
Meaning
secretly scheming or plotting to help in wrongdoing
Example
He is a conniving politician who manipulates people for power.
Он коварный политик, который манипулирует людьми ради власти.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

хитрый
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Она сделала хитрое вложение в недвижимость.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

единица измерения веса драгоценных камней
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Она получила кольцо с бриллиантом весом два карата для помолвки.
C2 noun /ˈsaɪ.nəˌʃʊr/

cynosure

центр всех взглядов
Meaning
A person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration.
Example
She was the cynosure of all eyes at the party.
Она была центром всех взглядов на вечеринке.
B2 verb /kənˈtɛnd/

contend

состязаться, утверждать
Meaning
to strive or compete for something; to assert earnestly
Example
Athletes from around the world contend for the championship.
Атлеты со всего мира борются за чемпионство.
C1 noun /kjʊˈreɪtər/

curator

куратор
Meaning
a person who is responsible for the care and management of a museum, gallery, or collection
Example
The curator organized a new exhibition of ancient artifacts.
Куратор организовал новую выставку древних артефактов.
C2 verb /ˈkælsɪfaɪ/

calcify

окаменеть из-за осаждения кальциевых солей
Meaning
To harden by deposition of calcium salts; to become rigid or inflexible.
Example
Over time, the tissue began to calcify and lose flexibility.
Со временем ткань начала кальцинироваться и потеряла гибкость.
B1 verb /ˈkælkjəˌleɪt/

calculate

вычислять
Meaning
to determine by mathematical computation; to estimate
Example
I need to calculate the total cost.
Мне нужно рассчитать общую стоимость.
C2 verb /kəˈmɪŋɡəl/

commingle

смешивать
Meaning
To mix or blend different things together.
Example
The charity does not commingle donations with operational funds.
Благотворительная организация не смешивает пожертвования с операционными фондами.
C2 verb /kædʒ/

cadge

попрошайничать
Meaning
To beg or obtain something, especially food or money, without paying for it.
Example
He tried to cadge a free meal from the restaurant.
Он попытался попросить бесплатную еду в ресторане.
B1 noun /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

countryside

сельская местность
Meaning
land outside cities and towns; rural areas with farms, fields, and villages
Example
She enjoys the peace and beauty of the countryside.
Она наслаждается тишиной и красотой сельской местности.
B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

учтивость; вежливость;
Meaning
the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark
Example
He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.
Он продемонстрировал великую учтивость, держа дверь открытой для пожилых людей.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

кмин
Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
Семена кумина часто используются в традиционных индийских рецептах хлеба.
B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

составные части
Meaning
Components or elements used to create something.
Example
Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.
Белки и витамины являются важными составляющими здорового питания.
B1 verb /kənˈvɪns/

convince

убедить
Meaning
to make someone believe or feel certain about something
Example
She convinced him to attend the meeting.
Она убедила его пойти на встречу.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

компетенция
Meaning
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example
Her competence as a manager impressed the board.
Ее компетенция как менеджера впечатлила совет.
C1 adjective /klænˈdɛstaɪn/

clandestine

Meaning
kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit purposes
Example
They held a clandestine meeting late at night.
A2 adjective, noun /tʃaɪˈniːz/

chinese

китайский
Meaning
relating to China, its people, or its language
Example
We went to a Chinese restaurant last night.
Мы пошли в китайский ресторан прошлой ночью.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

принуждение
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Киберпреступники используют принуждение для получения информации.
B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

углеродно нейтральный
Meaning
Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.
Example
The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.
Компания стремится быть углеродно нейтральной к 2030 году.
C2 noun /kərˈmʌdʒən/

curmudgeon

вспыльчивый старик
Meaning
a bad-tempered, cranky, or irritable person, usually old
Example
The old curmudgeon complained about everything in the neighborhood.
Старик-вспыльчивый жаловался на все в районе.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌtɛri/

commentary

комментарий
Meaning
An expression of opinions or explanations about an event, situation, or text.
Example
The professor's commentary on the novel was insightful.
Комментарий профессора по роману был проницательным.
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

заражение
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
Страх распространился как заражение через толпу.
C2 adjective /kəmˈbʌstɪbəl/

combustible

воспламеняемый
Meaning
Capable of catching fire and burning easily.
Example
Dry leaves are highly combustible.
Сухие листья чрезвычайно воспламеняемы.
B1 noun /kəʊst/

Coast

побережье
Meaning
the part of the land near the sea; the edge of the land
Example
We drove along the coast to enjoy the view.
Мы поехали вдоль побережья, чтобы насладиться видом.
A2 noun, verb /kɒf/

cough

кашель
Meaning
a sudden noisy release of air from the lungs to clear the throat or airway; to expel air suddenly from the lungs with a cough
Example
He has a bad cough and stayed home today.
У него сильный кашель, и сегодня он остался дома.
C2 adjective /kəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/

Capacious

просторный; большой; вместительный;
Meaning
having a lot of space inside; roomy and spacious
Example
The capacious hall can accommodate five hundred people.
Просторный зал может вмещать пятьсот человек.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

сжатие
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
Сжатие файлов помогает снизить требования к хранению.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

критерий
Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
Кандидаты были оценены на основе строгих критериев.
A2 adverb /ˈsɜː.tən.li/

Certainly

определённо
Meaning
without doubt; definitely; used to agree or give permission
Example
I will certainly help you with this project.
Я, без сомнения, помогу вам с этим проектом.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

клиентура
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
Клиентура салона включает множество высокопрофильных личностей.
A1 noun /ˈtʃɪk.ən/

Chicken

курица
Meaning
a domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat; the meat of this bird used as food
Example
The chicken laid fresh eggs every morning.
Курица каждый день несли свежие яйца.
B1 noun /kɑːrt/

Cart

тележка
Meaning
a wheeled vehicle for carrying goods; a shopping cart
Example
The farmer loaded hay onto his cart.
Фермер загрузил сено в свою тележку.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

столетие
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
Школа отметила свое столетие грандиозным событием.
B2 adjective /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/

clinical

клинический
Meaning
Related to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoretical study.
Example
The doctor conducted a clinical examination.
Доктор провел клиническое обследование.
B2 noun; verb /ˈkætəlɒɡ/

catalogue

каталог
Meaning
a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or systematic order; to make a systematic list of items
Example
The library decided to catalogue all new books digitally.
Библиотека решила каталогизировать все новые книги в цифровом виде.
C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

идеалы общественной службы
Meaning
Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.
Example
Community service ideals must be taught in schools.
Идеалы общественной службы должны преподаваться в школах.
C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

сворачивать или скручивать вместе; обвивать или переплетать
Meaning
to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine
Example
The vines convolve around the tree trunk.
Лозы винограда скручиваются вокруг ствола дерева.
B2 noun /kəˈmændər/

Commander

командир
Meaning
a person in authority over a military unit; leader of armed forces
Example
The commander ordered his troops to advance.
Командант приказал своим войскам двигаться вперед.
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

дружелюбие
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Его дружелюбие делает его популярным среди друзей.
C2 noun /ˈtʃælɪs/

chalice

чаша
Meaning
A large cup or goblet, typically used for drinking wine in religious ceremonies.
Example
The priest lifted the golden chalice during the ceremony.
Священник поднял золотой чашу во время церемонии.
C2 adjective /ˌkɑːmənˈsɛnsɪkəl/

commonsensical

здравомыслящий
Meaning
based on or showing sound practical judgment; sensible
Example
It was commonsensical to carry an umbrella on a rainy day.
Было здравомысляще взять зонт в дождливый день.
C2 adjective /ˈkæloʊ/

callow

незрелый
Meaning
Inexperienced and immature.
Example
The callow intern made several mistakes on his first day.
Неопытный стажёр совершил несколько ошибок в свой первый день.
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪstəntli/

consistently

непрерывно
Meaning
in a way that does not vary; regularly and dependably
Example
She has been performing consistently well in her studies.
Она постоянно показывает хорошие результаты в учебе.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

жесткое испытание, плавильный тигель
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
Команда вышла сильнее из плавильного тигля соревнования.
B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning
To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.
Example
He committed a serious mistake in the report.
B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

комплимент
Meaning
something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves
Example
The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.
шарф идеально дополняет ее наряд.
C1 noun kənˈvɜː.dʒəns

convergence

конвергенция
Meaning
The process of coming together from different directions to meet at a common point; unification or integration.
Example
The convergence of technologies is revolutionizing industries.
Конвергенция технологий революционизирует отрасли.
A2 verb /klaɪm/

climb

взбираться
Meaning
to go up using hands and feet; to ascend
Example
We decided to climb the mountain.
Мы решили взбираться на гору.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

кочер
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
Кочер умело вел лошадей через оживленные улицы.
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

существенный
Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
Проект потребовал значительного времени и денег.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

задумать, забеременеть
Meaning
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
Example
It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.
Трудно представить, как такая идея может быть успешной.
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

незаконные товары
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
Полиция изъяла партию контрабандных сигарет.
C2 noun /kəˈraʊzl/

carousal

шумная вечеринка
Meaning
A noisy or lively drinking party or festivity.
Example
They were exhausted after a night of wild carousal.
Они были усталы после ночи дикой шумной вечеринки.
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

кухня
Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
Итальянская кухня известна по всему миру.
A2 noun /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

clothing

одежда
Meaning
items worn to cover the body; apparel collectively
Example
Warm clothing is essential in winter.
Теплая одежда необходима зимой.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

лом
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Он использовал лом, чтобы удалить старые гвозди.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

заслуживающий доверия
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Ее объяснение было достаточно заслуживающим доверия, чтобы убедить комитет.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

тело
Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
Полиция обнаружила тело в заброшенном доме.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

устойчивый к климату
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Климатически устойчивые культуры могут выжить в экстремальных погодных условиях.
C2 noun /kəˈleɪʃən/

collation

колляция
Meaning
the act of collecting, comparing, and arranging in proper order
Example
The librarian spent hours on the collation of old manuscripts.
Библиотекарь провел часы, собирая старые манускрипты.
B1 noun /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

ceiling

потолок
Meaning
the upper interior surface of a room
Example
The ceiling of the hall was painted beautifully.
Потолок зала был красиво покрашен.
C2 noun /ˈklaʊdˌbɜːrst/

cloudburst

внезапный сильный дождь
Meaning
a sudden and very heavy rainfall
Example
The picnic was ruined by a sudden cloudburst.
Пикник был разрушен внезапным сильным дождем.
B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪkəl/

chemical

химическое вещество
Meaning
a substance produced by or used in a chemical process
Example
The factory releases harmful chemicals into the river.
Фабрика сбрасывает вредные химические вещества в реку.
B2 noun /kəˈmɒ.dɪ.tiz/

commodities

товары
Meaning
Raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold.
Example
The prices of commodities like oil and gold fluctuate frequently.
Цены на товары, такие как нефть и золото, часто колеблются.
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

ограничить
Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
Новые правила ограничивают компании от загрязнения окружающей среды.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

циник; скептик
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
Старый циник верил, что политики заботятся только о получении голосов.
B2 verb /ˈsɜːrkjəˌleɪt/

circulate

циркулировать, двигаться
Meaning
to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area
Example
Air circulated freely in the open hall.
Воздух свободно циркулировал в открытом зале.
C2 noun /kənˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

conglomeration

конгломерат
Meaning
A collection or mixture of different things grouped together.
Example
The market is a conglomeration of small shops and food stalls.
Рынок — это конгломерат маленьких магазинов и продовольственных лавок.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

согласованность
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
Эссе не имело согласованности, что затрудняло его понимание.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

христианский мир
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
Новость быстро распространилась по всему христианскому миру.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɑːr.mɪŋ/

charming

очаровательный
Meaning
Very pleasing or delightful in a way that attracts people.
Example
The village is full of charming little houses.
Деревня полна очаровательных маленьких домов.
B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning
A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

тресина
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
Коза исчезла в тресине на скалах.
C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

криптографический
Meaning
Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.
Example
Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.
Банки используют криптографические технологии для защиты транзакций.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

шифр
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
Военные сообщения защищены с помощью шифра.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

порицать
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Учитель отругал студента за опоздание.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

когорта
Meaning
A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.
Example
The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.
Исследование отслеживало когорту студентов на протяжении десяти лет.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkɒndʌkt/ (noun), /kənˈdʌkt/ (verb)

conduct

Meaning
to organize or carry out; or a person's behavior
Example
The teacher conducted the exam fairly.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtrɪpɪtəl/

centripetal

центрирующий
Meaning
Moving or directed toward a center.
Example
Centripetal force keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.
Центрирующая сила удерживает планеты на орбите вокруг солнца.
A2 noun /ˈkændi/

candy

конфета
Meaning
a sweet food made with sugar or chocolate, often in small pieces
Example
The children were excited to get candy on Halloween.
Дети были в восторге, когда получили конфеты на Хэллоуин.
C2 noun /ˌkɒntrəpəˈzɪʃən/

contraposition

контрапозиция
Meaning
the act of placing two things in opposition for contrast or comparison
Example
The contraposition of the two theories highlighted their differences.
Контрапозиция двух теорий подчеркнула их различия.