C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning

Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.

Example

The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

чрезмерный

Meaning

Excessive or unusually large in degree.

Example

She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.

Она потратила чрезмерное количество времени на своем телефоне.

C1 noun əˈblɪv.i.ən

oblivion

забвение, уничтожение, исчезновение

Meaning

The state of being unaware or unconscious of what is happening; complete forgetfulness.

Example

His name faded into oblivion over time.

Его имя исчезло в забвении с течением времени.

C1 noun /ˈdɪsɪdənt/

dissident

диссидент

Meaning

A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.

Example

The dissident was arrested for speaking against the government.

Диссидента арестовали за выступление против правительства.

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

змееподобный

Meaning

Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.

Example

The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.

Дорога шла извилистой тропой через горы.

C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

похожие

Meaning

Of similar character or related by blood.

Example

His reaction was akin to shock.

Его реакция была похожа на шок.

C1 noun /kwɪnˈtɛt/

quintet

квинтет

Meaning

A group of five people or things, especially musicians.

Example

The jazz quintet performed beautifully.

Джазовый квинтет исполнил прекрасно.

C1 verb /splaɪs/

splice

соединять

Meaning

to join two pieces of rope, film, or other material by weaving or attaching them together

Example

The technician spliced the two wires to restore the connection.

Техник соединил два провода, чтобы восстановить соединение.

C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

маленький остров

Meaning

A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.

Example

They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.

Они провели медовый месяц на прекрасном тропическом острове.

C1 adjective /pɜːrt/

pert

озорной, но привлекательный

Meaning

attractively lively or cheeky in manner or style

Example

She gave a pert reply that made everyone laugh.

Она дала дерзкий ответ, который рассмешил всех.

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/

persecution

преследование

Meaning

the act of treating someone cruelly or unfairly because of their religion, race, or beliefs

Example

The persecution of minorities has been condemned worldwide.

Преследование меньшинств было осуждено по всему миру.

C1 noun /ˈʌndərdɒɡ/

underdog

аутсайдер

Meaning

a competitor thought to have little chance of winning; a weaker party in a contest

Example

The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the championship.

Команда-аутсайдер удивила всех, выиграв чемпионат.

C1 noun /teɪnt/

Taint

пятно; пятно; коррупция или загрязнение

Meaning

a stain or mark that spoils something; corruption or contamination

Example

The scandal left a permanent taint on his reputation.

Этот скандал оставил неизгладное пятно на его репутации.

C1 noun/verb mælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

malfunction

неисправность

Meaning

A failure to function normally or satisfactorily; a defect or breakdown.

Example

The engine malfunctioned due to overheating.

Двигатель вышел из строя из-за перегрева.

C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

незавершенный

Meaning

not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe

Example

The details of the project were still sketchy.

Детали проекта все еще были незавершенными.

C1 adjective, verb /ˈeɪlɪŋ/

ailing

больной

Meaning

suffering from illness or poor health; experiencing problems or decline

Example

The ailing patient slowly began to recover after treatment.

Больной пациент начал медленно восстанавливаться после лечения.

C1 adjective /ˈlætərəl/

lateral

боковой

Meaning

Relating to the side or sideways movement.

Example

The football player made a quick lateral pass.

Футболист сделал быстрый боковой пас.

C1 verb /ˈmɜːrmər/

murmur

бормотать

Meaning

To say something in a low, soft, or indistinct voice.

Example

She murmured a prayer before going to sleep.

Она бормотала молитву перед сном.

C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

вежливость

Meaning

a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes

Example

They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.

Они обменялись вежливостью перед началом встречи.

C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

божественное провидение

Meaning

the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence

Example

They believed their survival was due to divine providence.

Они верили, что их выживание было обусловлено божественным провидением.

C1 adjective /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/

disinterested

безинтересный

Meaning

not influenced by personal interest; impartial or neutral

Example

The judge remained disinterested in the case.

Судья остался безинтересным в деле.

C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

открытость

Meaning

The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward

Example

Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.

Её открытость во время встречи произвела на всех впечатление.

C1 adverb /ˈhɛdˌlɔŋ/

headlong

в слепую

Meaning

With the head leading; in a rush or without thinking.

Example

She rushed headlong into the new project.

Она в слепую бросилась в новый проект.

C1 adjective /ˌæprɪˈhɛnsɪv/

apprehensive

тревожный

Meaning

feeling anxious or fearful that something bad will happen

Example

He was apprehensive about starting a new job in a foreign country.

Он был тревожен по поводу начала новой работы в чужой стране.

C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

денунциация / публичное обвинение

Meaning

the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something

Example

The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.

Статья журналиста была сильной денунциацией коррупции.

C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

резать

Meaning

to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool

Example

She snipped the loose thread from her dress.

Она срезала свободную нить с платья.

C1 noun /ˈiː.dən/

Eden

Эдем

Meaning

a place or state of great happiness; paradise

Example

The garden was like Eden, filled with beautiful flowers and peaceful atmosphere.

Сад был как Эдем, наполненный красивыми цветами и спокойной атмосферой.

C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

великолепно

Meaning

in an excellent or outstanding manner

Example

She performed superbly in the dance competition.

Она выступила великолепно на танцевальном конкурсе.

C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

мазать / клеветать

Meaning

to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words

Example

The child smeared paint across the wall.

Ребенок размазал краску по стене.

C1 adjective /rɪˈtæl.i.ə.tɔːr.i/

retaliatory

репрессивный

Meaning

Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.

Example

The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions.

Страна ввела репрессивные тарифы в ответ на торговые санкции.

C1 preposition/adverb/conjunction /ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

notwithstanding

несмотря на

Meaning

In spite of; despite

Example

Notwithstanding the challenges, the team completed the project.

Несмотря на трудности, команда завершила проект.

C1 noun /noʊˈteɪʃən/

notation

нотация

Meaning

A system of symbols or signs used to represent information, especially in mathematics or music.

Example

The teacher explained the notation used in the algebra equations.

Учитель объяснил нотацию, использованную в алгебраических уравнениях.

C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

небесный

Meaning

Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.

Example

The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.

Небесные тела на небе были ясно видны прошлой ночью.

C1 adjective /fərˈlɔːrn/

forlorn

брошенный, одинокий

Meaning

extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned

Example

The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain.

Брошенный щенок выглядел таким одиноким под дождем.

C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

патриарх

Meaning

a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group

Example

As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.

Как патриарх семьи, он разрешал споры и поддерживал старые традиции.

C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

незаменимая компетенция

Meaning

Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.

Example

Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.

Цифровая грамотность — незаменимая компетенция в XXI веке.

C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

каузальный

Meaning

relating to or acting as a cause

Example

There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.

Существует причинно-следственная связь между курением и раком.

C1 verb /ʌnˈroʊl/

unroll

разворачивать

Meaning

to open something that is rolled up; to spread out gradually

Example

She unrolled the map on the table to find the route.

Она развернула карту на столе, чтобы найти маршрут.

C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

жестко; без компромиссов

Meaning

in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise

Example

The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.

Правила жестко применяются в этой организации.

C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

желать

Meaning

to desire something belonging to someone else

Example

He coveted his neighbor's new car.

Он завидовал новой машине своего соседа.

C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

миопия, ограниченное зрение

Meaning

lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness

Example

The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.

Миопическая стратегия компании привела к долгосрочным потерям.

C1 noun /ˈliːniənsi/

leniency

прощение

Meaning

The quality of being more merciful or tolerant than expected.

Example

The judge showed leniency in his ruling.

Судья проявил прощение в своем решении.

C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

симметрия

Meaning

the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other

Example

The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.

Симметрия здания произвела впечатление на посетителей.

C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

углубляться

Meaning

To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.

Example

The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.

Исследователь углубился в древние манускрипты, чтобы найти подсказки.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/

inherent

неотъемлемый

Meaning

Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.

Example

There are inherent risks in extreme sports.

В экстремальных видах спорта существуют неотъемлемые риски.

C1 noun /ˈwɔːtəʃɛd/

watershed

водораздел, ключевой момент

Meaning

An event or period marking a turning point in a situation; also refers to a ridge dividing two drainage areas.

Example

The independence movement was a watershed in the nation's history.

Движение за независимость было водоразделом в истории нации.

C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

насмехаться

Meaning

to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way

Example

He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.

Он насмехался над идеей переезда за границу.

C1 noun /haɪˈpɜːrbəli/

hyperbole

гипербола

Meaning

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Example

Saying he could run a thousand miles in a day is pure hyperbole.

Сказать, что он может пробежать тысячу миль за день, — чистая гипербола.

C1 noun ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd

genocide

геноцид

Meaning

The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Example

The allegations of genocide raised global concerns.

Обвинения в геноциде вызвали глобальные опасения.

C1 noun /ˈmɛrɪɡoʊld/

Marigold

бархатец

Meaning

a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies

Example

The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations.

Яркие цветы бархатцев добавили красок в оформление фестиваля.

C1 verb /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/

stigmatize

стигматизировать

Meaning

to describe or regard someone as worthy of disgrace or disapproval

Example

People with certain illnesses are often unfairly stigmatized.

Люди с определенными заболеваниями часто несправедливо стигматизируются.

C1 noun /ˈdʒʌɡərˌnɔːt/

juggernaut

непреодолимая сила

Meaning

A huge, powerful, and unstoppable force or institution.

Example

The new tech company has become a juggernaut in the industry.

Новая технологическая компания стала непреодолимой силой в индустрии.

C1 adjective /rɪˈpliːt/

replete

наполненный

Meaning

Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly full.

Example

The book is replete with fascinating historical details.

Книга наполнена увлекательными историческими деталями.

C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.fəl/

Merciful

милосердный; сострадательный

Meaning

showing compassion or forgiveness; kind and forgiving

Example

The merciful judge gave him a lighter sentence.

Милосердный судья дал ему более мягкий приговор.

C1 noun /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/

foot-note

сноска

Meaning

A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.

Example

The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context.

Автор добавил сноску, чтобы объяснить исторический контекст.

C1 noun /ˈkwɔːrəm/

quorum

кворум

Meaning

The minimum number of members needed to conduct official business in a meeting.

Example

The board meeting was postponed because there was no quorum.

Совещание совета было отложено, потому что не было кворума.

C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

сравнивать

Meaning

To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.

Example

The team equalized the score in the last minute.

Команда сравняла счет в последнюю минуту.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

надвигающийся

Meaning

about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening

Example

The villagers were worried about the impending flood.

Жители деревни беспокоились о надвигающемся наводнении.

C1 noun /ˈlænd.slaɪd/

Landslide

оползень

Meaning

a collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff; an overwhelming victory in an election

Example

Heavy rains triggered a massive landslide that blocked the mountain highway.

Сильные дожди вызвали огромный оползень, который перекрыл горное шоссе.

C1 noun /djʊˈrɛs/

duress

принуждение

Meaning

threats, violence, or pressure used to force someone to do something

Example

She signed the contract under duress.

Она подписала контракт под принуждением.

C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

негибкость

Meaning

the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability

Example

The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.

Негибкость правил вызвала ненужные задержки.

C1 noun /ˈlɪmboʊ/

limbo

неопределенность, состояние приостановки

Meaning

A state of uncertainty or neglect; an intermediate or transitional state.

Example

The project was left in limbo after the funding was withdrawn.

Проект был оставлен в неопределенности после того, как финансирование было отменено.

C1 noun /ˈrɛtʃɪdnəs/

wretchedness

несчастье

Meaning

a state of misery, unhappiness, or poor condition

Example

The novel depicts the wretchedness of war victims.

Роман изображает несчастье жертв войны.

C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

сепаратист

Meaning

A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.

Example

The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.

Сепаратистская группа потребовала независимости от центрального правительства.

C1 noun ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.ʃən

disinfection

дезинфекция

Meaning

The process of destroying harmful microorganisms to prevent infection.

Example

Kitchen appliances require frequent disinfection.

Кухонная техника требует регулярной дезинфекции.

C1 noun /ˈbɑn.dɪdʒ/

Bondage

рабство; плен

Meaning

the state of being a slave; the state of being under the control of a force or influence

Example

The people fought to escape from the bondage of oppression.

Люди боролись, чтобы выбраться из рабства угнетения.

C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

регионо-специфический

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.

Example

Climate change impacts are region-specific.

Воздействие изменения климата является специфическим для региона.

C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

вето

Meaning

to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law

Example

The president decided to veto the new bill.

Президент решил наложить вето на новый законопроект.

C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

всплеск

Meaning

a large number of things occurring in quick succession

Example

There has been a spate of robberies in the city.

В городе был всплеск краж.

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

большой разрушительный пожар

Meaning

A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.

Example

The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.

Лес был разрушен огромным пожаром, который продолжался несколько дней.

C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

жертвенный

Meaning

Relating to or involving sacrifice.

Example

The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.

Ягненок был использован как жертвенная жертва в ритуале.

C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbl̩/

reprehensible

позорный

Meaning

Deserving strong criticism or blame.

Example

His dishonest actions were truly reprehensible.

Его нечестные поступки были по-настоящему позорными.

C1 verb /kwɑːʃ/

quash

отменить

Meaning

To reject or void something legally or to put an end to something forcefully.

Example

The court quashed the decision due to lack of evidence.

Суд отменил решение из-за отсутствия доказательств.

C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

когезивные единицы

Meaning

Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.

Example

Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.

Ранние люди создавали когезивные единицы для выживания.

C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

монотонный; скучный; повторяющийся

Meaning

lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive

Example

The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.

Монотонный звук дождя заставил всех почувствовать сонливость.

C1 noun /noʊm/

gnome

гном

Meaning

a small mythical creature, often depicted as a bearded man living underground; also a figurine used in gardens

Example

The garden was decorated with a gnome statue.

Сад был украшен статуей гнома.

C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

повстанец

Meaning

A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.

Example

The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.

Армия арестовала нескольких повстанцев после атаки.

C1 verb /luːt/

loot

грабить

Meaning

to steal goods, typically during war, riot, or chaos

Example

The rioters looted several shops during the protest.

Протестующие ограбили несколько магазинов во время протестов.

C1 verb /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/

reconcile

примирить, наладить, урегулировать

Meaning

Restore friendly relations between; cause to coexist in harmony.

Example

They tried to reconcile their differences through open communication.

Они пытались примирить свои различия через открытое общение.

C1 adjective /ˈdɒɡɪd/

dogged

упорный

Meaning

showing stubborn determination and persistence

Example

She succeeded through dogged determination.

Она добилась успеха благодаря своей упорной решимости.

C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

изолировать, прятать

Meaning

To isolate or hide away.

Example

The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.

Углерод, захваченный деревьями, может быть изолирован на годы.

C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

идолизировать

Meaning

To admire or worship someone excessively.

Example

Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.

Фанаты часто идеализируют знаменитостей за их талант и стиль жизни.

C1 verb /ɡliːn/

glean

собирать

Meaning

to collect or gather slowly and bit by bit, especially information or crops left after harvest

Example

The journalist gleaned facts from several sources.

Журналист собрал факты из нескольких источников.

C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

уединённый

Meaning

Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.

Example

They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.

Они провели свой отпуск в уединённом домике на пляже.

C1 adjective /ˌmer.ɪˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Meritorious

заслуженный

Meaning

deserving reward or praise; commendable; worthy of recognition

Example

His meritorious service to the community was recognized.

Его заслуженная служба обществу была признана.

C1 verb /ɪnˈdɪr/

endear

внушать любовь

Meaning

To cause someone to be loved or liked.

Example

Her kindness and generosity endeared her to the community.

Ее доброта и щедрость внушили любовь к ней в обществе.

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

склонность

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

У неё есть склонность собирать редкие книги.

C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

франшиза

Meaning

A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.

Example

He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.

Он открыл новый франшизный ресторан быстрого питания в городе.

C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

выделять

Meaning

to eliminate waste matter from the body

Example

Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.

Люди выделяют углекислый газ через дыхание.

C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

потребительский капитализм

Meaning

The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.

Example

Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.

Современный потребительский капитализм ведет к увеличению спроса на товары класса люкс.

C1 noun /ˈbɜːrθraɪt/

birthright

право по рождению

Meaning

A privilege or possession that a person has from birth.

Example

Freedom is considered a birthright of every individual.

Свобода считается правом по рождению каждого человека.

C1 adjective /ˈdɑːsəl/ or /ˈdəʊsaɪl/

docile

послушный

Meaning

easily managed, taught, or controlled; submissive

Example

The docile puppy quickly learned new tricks.

Послушный щенок быстро научился новым трюкам.

C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

олененок

Meaning

a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color

Example

The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.

Мать-олень защищает своего олененка от хищников.

C1 noun /sɪˈkriː.ʃən/

Secretion

секреция

Meaning

a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell or gland

Example

Insulin secretion is crucial for blood sugar regulation.

Секреция инсулина имеет решающее значение для регулирования уровня сахара в крови.

C1 adjective /ˈmʌðərli/

Motherly

материнский

Meaning

having qualities characteristic of a mother; caring and protective

Example

She showed motherly care and affection towards all the children.

Она проявила материнскую заботу и привязанность ко всем детям.

C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

сложность

Meaning

the quality of being very detailed or complicated

Example

The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.

Сложность дизайна поразила всех.

C1 verb /rɪˈkɔɪl/

recoil

отшатнуться

Meaning

To suddenly spring back in fear, horror, or from force such as a gun's kickback.

Example

She recoiled at the sight of the snake.

Она отшатнулась при виде змеи.

C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

вундеркинд

Meaning

a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities

Example

Mozart was a child prodigy in music.

Моцарт был детским вундеркиндом в музыке.

C1 noun /ˈrɛspɪt/

respite

передышка

Meaning

A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.

Example

The weekend provided a welcome respite from work.

Выходные дали долгожданный отдых от работы.

C1 noun /ˈroʊ.lɪŋ bɔːrd/

Rolling board

скалка

Meaning

a flat wooden or marble surface used for rolling out dough

Example

She placed the dough on the rolling board.

Она положила тесто на скалку.

C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

проницательный

Meaning

having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well

Example

He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.

Он проницательный читатель, который замечает тонкие детали.

C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

осадок

Meaning

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind

Example

The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.

Река несла осадки вниз по течению во время наводнения.

C1 verb /ˈdʒɪtər/

jitter

дрожать

Meaning

to shake or tremble slightly, often from fear, nervousness, or excitement

Example

He began to jitter nervously before giving his speech.

Он начал нервно дрожать перед своей речью.

C1 adjective /ˈærəbəl/

arable

пахотный

Meaning

suitable for growing crops or farming

Example

The farmer purchased arable land to expand his crops.

Фермер купил пахотную землю, чтобы расширить свои посевы.

C1 noun /ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən/

retribution

месть, наказание

Meaning

punishment inflicted as vengeance for a wrong or crime

Example

The villagers demanded retribution for the crime committed.

Жители деревни потребовали мести за совершенное преступление.

C1 noun (plural of fungus) /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/

fungi

гриб

Meaning

a group of spore-producing organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts

Example

Fungi play an important role in breaking down organic matter in nature.

Грибы играют важную роль в разложении органических веществ в природе.

C1 noun ˌɪm.pʌlˈsɪv.ɪ.ti

impulsivity

импульсивность

Meaning

The tendency to act quickly and without thought or care; lack of self-control.

Example

His impulsivity led him to make reckless choices.

Его импульсивность привела его к необдуманным решениям.

C1 noun /ˌɑːsɪˈleɪʃən/

oscillation

колебание

Meaning

The movement back and forth at a regular speed.

Example

The oscillation of the pendulum controls the clock.

Колебания маятника управляют часами.

C1 verb /lɜːrk/

lurk

поджидать

Meaning

to remain hidden so as to wait for an opportunity to attack or observe

Example

A stranger lurked in the shadows.

Незнакомец скрывался в темноте.

C1 noun /ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/

herbicide

гербицид

Meaning

A chemical substance used to kill unwanted plants, especially weeds.

Example

Farmers used herbicide to protect their crops from invasive weeds.

Фермеры использовали гербициды, чтобы защитить свои культуры от вторгающихся сорняков.

C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

Meaning

to make a written copy of spoken words or notes

Example

The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.

C1 verb /θræʃ/

thrash

избивать

Meaning

to beat someone or something violently; to move wildly or violently

Example

The angry man threatened to thrash his opponent.

Разъярённый человек пригрозил избить своего противника.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

неприютный

Meaning

Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.

Example

The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.

Пустыня — это непригодная среда для большинства растений.

C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

Сьерра Клуб

Meaning

An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.

Example

John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.

Джон Мьюир основал Сьерра Клуб в 1892 году для защиты дикой природы.

C1 verb /flɔːnt/

flaunt

показуха

Meaning

to show off something proudly, often to attract attention

Example

She likes to flaunt her new jewelry at parties.

Она любит показывать свои новые украшения на вечеринках.

C1 noun dɪˈskrep.ən.siz

discrepancies

несоответствие

Meaning

Differences between things that should be the same

Example

Discrepancies in regulations delay progress.

Несоответствия в правилах замедляют прогресс.

C1 verb /ˈdɛnɪˌɡreɪt/

denigrate

унижать

Meaning

to criticize unfairly; to belittle or disparage someone or something

Example

He was quick to denigrate the achievements of his colleagues.

Он быстро стал унижать достижения своих коллег.

C1 adjective /ˈneɪzl/

nasal

назальный

Meaning

Relating to the nose; a sound produced through the nose.

Example

He spoke with a nasal voice due to his cold.

Он говорил с носовым голосом из-за простуды.

C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

анархия

Meaning

a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority

Example

The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.

Крах режима привел к анархии на улицах.

C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

стабилизация

Meaning

The process of making or becoming stable.

Example

The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.

Стабилизация структуры была необходима после землетрясения.

C1 noun /ˈbʊl.ək/

Bullock

бык

Meaning

a young bull; a castrated bull used for farm work

Example

The farmer used a bullock to plow the field.

Фермер использовал быка для вспашки поля.