Charity
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B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

благотворительность; щедрость; альтруизм
Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
Богатый бизнесмен пожертвовал миллионы на благотворительность для образования.
A1 verb /kʌm/

come

приходить
Meaning
to move toward a place; to arrive at a place
Example
Please come to my birthday party.
Пожалуйста, приходите на мою день рождения.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

коллекция; собрание; архив
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
У неё есть впечатляющая коллекция старинных книг в её библиотеке.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

отбирать
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Фермеры решили отсеять больных животных из стада.
C2 noun /klaɪm/

clime

климатическая зона
Meaning
A region defined by its climate.
Example
He traveled to warmer climes during the winter.
Он путешествовал в более теплые климатические зоны зимой.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

согласие
Meaning
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Example
She gave her consent before the operation.
Она дала свое согласие перед операцией.
C2 adjective /kəˈnaɪ.vɪŋ/

conniving

коварный
Meaning
secretly scheming or plotting to help in wrongdoing
Example
He is a conniving politician who manipulates people for power.
Он коварный политик, который манипулирует людьми ради власти.
B1 noun /sərˈtɪfɪkət/

certificate

сертификат
Meaning
a document serving as proof of achievement or qualification
Example
She received a certificate for completing the course.
Она получила сертификат за завершение курса.
A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

круг
Meaning
a round shape; to move all the way around something
Example
The children sat in a circle.
Дети сидели в кругу.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

неожиданный конфликт
Meaning
an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute
Example
There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.
Между двумя коллегами возник небольшой неожиданный конфликт во время встречи.
A2 noun /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/

challenges

проблемы
Meaning
Difficult tasks or situations that test someone's abilities or resources.
Example
Overcoming challenges is the key to personal growth.
Преодоление проблем — ключ к личностному росту.
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

цивилизация
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
Древний Египет известен своей замечательной цивилизацией.
A2 noun, adjective /ˈkrɪstʃən/

christian

христианин
Meaning
a person who follows the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
Example
She is a devoted Christian who attends church every Sunday.
Она преданный христианин, который ходит в церковь каждое воскресенье.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

темно-красный
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Темно-красный закат раскрасил небо в красивые оттенки.
C2 adjective /kəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/

Capacious

просторный; большой; вместительный;
Meaning
having a lot of space inside; roomy and spacious
Example
The capacious hall can accommodate five hundred people.
Просторный зал может вмещать пятьсот человек.
A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

покрывать
Meaning
to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal
Example
Please cover the food to keep it fresh.
Пожалуйста, накройте еду, чтобы она оставалась свежей.
C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

комодификация
Meaning
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.
Example
The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.
Комодификация образования привела к росту стоимости обучения.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛstˌfɔːlən/

crestfallen

потрясённый
Meaning
sad and disappointed
Example
He looked crestfallen after hearing the bad news.
Он выглядел потрясённым, услышав плохие новости.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

кавалерия
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
Кавалерия с большим ускорением атаковала поле.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.fərt/

Comfort

комфорт; удобство
Meaning
a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint; relief from distress or anxiety
Example
The soft sofa provided great comfort after a long day at work.
Мягкий диван принес большой комфорт после долгого рабочего дня.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

клиентура
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
Клиентура салона включает множество высокопрофильных личностей.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

резня
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
Поле битвы было наполнено резней после жестокой войны.
B2 noun /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

certification

сертификация
Meaning
the process of officially recognizing or confirming that something or someone meets required standards; an official document proving qualification
Example
She received her professional certification after completing the training program.
Она получила профессиональную сертификацию после завершения учебной программы.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkɒndʌkt/ (noun), /kənˈdʌkt/ (verb)

conduct

Meaning
to organize or carry out; or a person's behavior
Example
The teacher conducted the exam fairly.
C2 noun /kəˈkɒfəni/

cacophony

какофония
Meaning
A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophony of horns made it impossible to concentrate.
Какофония сигналов сделала невозможным сосредоточиться.
B1 adverb /ˈkloʊsli/

closely

счастье
Meaning
in a way that is very near in space, time, or relationship; carefully and attentively
Example
The detective examined the evidence closely.
Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.
A1 noun /klɑːs/

class

класс
Meaning
a group of students taught together or a category of people or things with shared characteristics
Example
Our class meets every morning at nine.
Наш класс собирается каждое утро в девять.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

коллапсировать
Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
Старое здание рухнуло после землетрясения.
A2 noun /ˈkɒf.i ˈmeɪ.kər/

Coffee maker

кофеварка
Meaning
an electric appliance used to brew coffee automatically
Example
I use my coffee maker every morning to brew fresh coffee.
Я использую свою кофеварку каждое утро, чтобы заваривать свежий кофе.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

катализатор
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Его речь сыграла роль катализатора изменений в обществе.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/

compelling

захватывающий
Meaning
Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerful way.
Example
She gave a compelling speech about climate change.
Она произнесла захватывающую речь о климатических изменениях.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnvɪkt/

convict

осуждать
Meaning
to find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law
Example
The court convicted him of theft.
Суд признал его виновным в краже.
B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

преданный
Meaning
Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.
Example
She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.
Она преданный учитель, который заботится о своих учениках.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/

citizen

гражданин
Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
Каждый гражданин имеет право голосовать.
B1 noun /tʃɪl/

Chill

холод; чувство страха или тревоги; расслабиться
Meaning
an unpleasant feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear or anxiety; to relax
Example
There was a chill in the air as autumn approached.
В воздухе ощущался холод, когда приближалась осень.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

критик
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
Кинокритик похвалил последний фильм режиссера.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

фарфоровая посуда
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
Дорогие фарфоровые изделия были выставлены в шкафу.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

уступать
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Страна уступила территорию после проигрыша на войне.
B1 verb /kruːz/

cruise

счастье
Meaning
to travel smoothly at a moderate speed, especially for pleasure
Example
They decided to cruise along the coast during their vacation.
Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/

Confident

уверенный в себе; уверенный; убежденный
Meaning
self-assured; certain; having belief in one's abilities
Example
She felt confident about her performance in the exam.
Она чувствовала себя уверенно по поводу своей работы на экзамене.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

кочер
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
Кочер умело вел лошадей через оживленные улицы.
C2 noun /kənˈtrɪʃ.ən/

contrition

раскаяние
Meaning
the state of feeling remorseful and repentant
Example
His contrition was evident after the apology.
Его раскаяние было очевидно после извинений.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɒnɪk/

chronic

хронический
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or constantly recurring, often describing illness.
Example
She suffers from chronic back pain.
Она страдает от хронической боли в спине.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər kleɪm/

counter-claim

контриск
Meaning
a claim made to rebut a previous claim, often in legal contexts
Example
The defendant filed a counter-claim against the plaintiff.
Ответчик подал контриск против истца.
B2 noun /kəˈmɒ.dɪ.tiz/

commodities

товары
Meaning
Raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold.
Example
The prices of commodities like oil and gold fluctuate frequently.
Цены на товары, такие как нефть и золото, часто колеблются.
B1 noun ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən

conservation

сохранение
Meaning
The protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity.
Example
Conservation of forests is crucial for climate stability.
Консервация лесов крайне важна для стабильности климата.
A1 adjective /koʊld/

Cold

холодный; ледяной; отчужденный;
Meaning
having a low temperature; lacking warmth; unfriendly
Example
The cold winter wind made everyone shiver.
Холодный зимний ветер заставил всех дрожать.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

капилляры
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Порванные капилляры вызывают темные круги.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

человек, проявляющий чрезмерную предвзятость
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
Он был назван шовинистом после своих высказываний о женщинах на рабочем месте.
C2 noun /kəˈnɑːrd/

canard

ложная история
Meaning
a false or unfounded story or rumor
Example
The article turned out to be nothing more than a canard.
Статья оказалась ничем иным, как ложной историей.
B2 noun /ˈʃeɪndʒ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

change management

управление изменениями
Meaning
The discipline that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals, teams and organizations in making organizational change.
Example
Change management ensures smooth transitions.
Управление изменениями обеспечивает плавные переходы.
B1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əs/

continuous

непрерывный
Meaning
forming an unbroken whole; without interruption
Example
The factory operates on a continuous 24-hour schedule.
Фабрика работает по непрерывному графику 24 часа.
B2 verb /siːs/

cease

прекращать
Meaning
to bring or come to an end; to stop doing something
Example
The noise ceased as soon as the children went inside.
Шум прекратился, как только дети зашли внутрь.
B1 verb /tʃɒp/

chop

резать
Meaning
to cut with a sharp tool; to cut into pieces
Example
She chops vegetables for dinner.
Она нарезает овощи для ужина.
A1 verb /kʌt/

cut

резать
Meaning
to divide or separate with a sharp tool
Example
I cut the paper with scissors.
Я порезал бумагу ножницами.
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

контролируемый
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
Эксперимент проводился в контролируемой среде.
C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

сборник
Meaning
a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together
Example
The book is a compilation of his best essays.
Книга является сборником его лучших эссе.
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

приказ
Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
Генерал приказал солдатам двигаться вперёд.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

грубая мука
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Она использовала грубую муку для приготовления домашнего хлеба с деревенской текстурой.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

холера
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
В деревне после наводнения произошла вспышка холеры.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

заставить кого-то вступить в армию
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Правительство призвало молодых людей во время войны.
A2 noun, verb /kɒf/

cough

кашель
Meaning
a sudden noisy release of air from the lungs to clear the throat or airway; to expel air suddenly from the lungs with a cough
Example
He has a bad cough and stayed home today.
У него сильный кашель, и сегодня он остался дома.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

взбираться с усилием
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Дети взбирались по скалам, чтобы добраться до пещеры.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

сопоставимый
Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
Два продукта сопоставимы по качеству, но различаются по цене.
B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

учтивость; вежливость;
Meaning
the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark
Example
He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.
Он продемонстрировал великую учтивость, держа дверь открытой для пожилых людей.
A2 noun /tʃæns/

chance

шанс
Meaning
An opportunity or possibility of something happening.
Example
He took a chance and applied for the job.
Он рискнул и подал заявку на работу.
C2 noun ˌkɒdʒɪˈteɪʃən

cogitation

размышление, раздумье
Meaning
The action of thinking deeply about something; contemplation
Example
After much cogitation, he made the final decision.
После долгих размышлений он принял окончательное решение.
A2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tən/

Curtain

занавеска
Meaning
a piece of material suspended at the top to form a covering or screen, typically movable sideways
Example
She drew the curtains to block out the bright sunlight.
Она закрыла занавески, чтобы заблокировать яркий солнечный свет.
B1 adjective ˈkɒmplɛks

complex

сложный
Meaning
Having many interrelated parts or factors; complicated.
Example
The relationship between poverty and education is complex.
Отношения между бедностью и образованием сложные.
C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Ceremonial

церемониальный
Meaning
relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic
Example
The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.
Церемониальное платье было надето на королевской свадьбе.
A2 adjective /ˈklɛvər/

clever

умный, сообразительный
Meaning
Quick to understand, learn, and devise ideas or solutions; intelligent.
Example
She is clever enough to solve the puzzle quickly.
Она достаточно умна, чтобы быстро решить головоломку.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

кардиологический
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
Пациент был принят с кардиологическим заболеванием.
A2 noun /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/

Character

характер; личность; черта;
Meaning
the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual; a person in a novel, play, or film
Example
She showed great character by helping others during the crisis.
Она проявила большой характер, помогая другим в кризисной ситуации.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɪli/

chilly

холодный
Meaning
uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold
Example
It was a chilly morning in December.
Это было холодное утро в декабре.
C2 adjective /ˈkʌmli/

comely

красивый
Meaning
Attractive or pleasant in appearance.
Example
The actress was known for her comely features.
Актриса была известна своими красивыми чертами.
B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

соблюдение
Meaning
The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.
Example
Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.
Школы ожидают соблюдения своих правил и политик.
B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

кассрола
Meaning
a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes
Example
The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.
Кассрола сохранила еду горячей во время ужина.
C2 noun /ˈkæθoʊd/

cathode

отрицательный электрод
Meaning
The negative electrode in a device such as a battery or tube, where electrons enter.
Example
The cathode emits electrons in the tube.
Катод излучает электроны в трубке.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

когезивные единицы
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Ранние люди создавали когезивные единицы для выживания.
B2 noun /ˈkɑr.ɡoʊ ʃɪp/

Cargo ship

грузовое судно
Meaning
a ship or vessel that carries goods and materials from one port to another
Example
The cargo ship transported containers filled with electronics across the ocean.
Грузовое судно перевезло контейнеры, заполненные электроникой, через океан.
B2 noun kənˈsen.səs

consensus

консенсус
Meaning
A general agreement among all members of a group.
Example
Consensus was reached after long deliberation.
Консенсус был достигнут после долгих обсуждений.
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

контрпродуктивный
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
Контрпродуктивные действия часто возникают из недовольства.
A2 verb /ˈkʌv.ərd/

covered

покрытый
Meaning
Protected by being placed over or wrapped; hidden from view.
Example
The forest is covered in greenery.
Лес покрыт зеленью.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

коррозия
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
Коррозия в трубах приводит к утечкам.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

космополитический
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Он имеет космополитический взгляд благодаря своим обширным путешествиям.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

вогнутый
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
Зеркало имело вогнутую поверхность, которая увеличивала ее отражение.
C2 noun /ˈkæl.əm.ni/

Calumny

клевета
Meaning
the making of false and defamatory statements about someone in order to damage their reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for spreading calumny about his personal life.
Политик подал в суд на газету за распространение клеветы о его личной жизни.
B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

продолжающийся
Meaning
to keep doing something without stopping
Example
They are continuing their journey despite the rain.
Они продолжают свое путешествие, несмотря на дождь.
C2 noun /ˈsɪɡnət/

cygnet

молодой лебедь
Meaning
a young swan
Example
The cygnet swam closely behind its mother.
Цигнет плавал прямо за своей матерью.
A1 adjective /kuːl/

cool

прохладный, спокойный, впечатляющий
Meaning
moderately cold; calm and composed; fashionable or impressive
Example
She kept a cool head during the crisis.
Она сохраняла спокойствие во время кризиса.
C2 verb /ˈkæstreɪt/

castrate

кастрировать
Meaning
To remove the testicles of a male animal or human.
Example
The farmer castrated the young bulls to make them easier to manage.
Фермер кастрировал молодых быков, чтобы их было легче управлять.
C2 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.kwi/

colloquy

официальный разговор
Meaning
A formal conversation or dialogue, often on serious or academic topics.
Example
The professors engaged in a deep colloquy about the future of education.
Профессора вели глубокую беседу о будущем образования.
C2 noun /ˌkæv.əlˈkeɪd/

cavalcade

кавалькада
Meaning
a formal procession of people riding on horses or in vehicles
Example
The king’s arrival was marked by a grand cavalcade.
Прибытие короля было отмечено великой кавалькадой.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

фарс, игра в мимику
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
Процесс был ничем иным, как политическим фарсом.
C2 noun /ˌkɒntrəpəˈzɪʃən/

contraposition

контрапозиция
Meaning
the act of placing two things in opposition for contrast or comparison
Example
The contraposition of the two theories highlighted their differences.
Контрапозиция двух теорий подчеркнула их различия.
A2 noun /kæp/

Cap

кепка
Meaning
a head covering with a visor; a protective covering
Example
He wore a baseball cap to protect himself from the sun.
Он носил бейсбольную кепку, чтобы защититься от солнца.
A1 noun /tʃeɪndʒ/

change

изменение
Meaning
The act or instance of making or becoming different.
Example
Change is inevitable for growth.
Изменения неизбежны для роста.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

противоречие; несоответствие
Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
Было явное противоречие между его словами и его действиями.
C2 noun /ˈkɒnk.leɪv/

conclave

секретное собрание
Meaning
a private meeting, especially a secret or important one
Example
The leaders met in a secret conclave to discuss the strategy.
Лидеры встретились на секретном конклаве, чтобы обсудить стратегию.
C2 verb /koʊˈhɪr/

cohere

согласовываться
Meaning
To stick together; to be united logically or physically.
Example
The ideas in his essay cohere well.
Идеи в его эссе хорошо соединяются.
B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

комиссар
Meaning
an official in charge of a particular department or area
Example
The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.
Полицейский комиссар рассказал СМИ о происшествии.
B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

передавать, сообщать, транспортировать
Meaning
To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.
Example
The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.
Учитель ясно передает урок студентам.
B1 noun /kloʊðz ˈaɪərn/

Clothes iron

утюг
Meaning
An electric appliance used to remove wrinkles from clothes by applying heat and pressure
Example
I need to use the clothes iron to make my shirt look neat for the meeting.
Мне нужно использовать утюг, чтобы привести мою рубашку в порядок для встречи.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

вершина
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Туристы достигли вершины горы на рассвете.
C2 noun ˌsaɪ.bəˈnet.ɪks

cybernetics

кибернетика
Meaning
The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Example
Cybernetics plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence.
Кибернетика играет ключевую роль в искусственном интеллекте.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

командная экономика
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
В командной экономике государство контролирует производство и цены.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl/

council

совет
Meaning
an assembly of people chosen or elected to make decisions or advise on matters
Example
The city council voted to improve public transportation.
Городской совет проголосовал за улучшение общественного транспорта.
A2 noun /ˈkrɪk.ɪt/

Cricket

сверчок
Meaning
a jumping insect that makes a chirping sound by rubbing its wings together
Example
We could hear crickets chirping in the evening.
Мы слышали, как кузнечики стрекочут вечером.
B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

координатор
Meaning
a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together
Example
The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.
Координатор мероприятия всё организовал идеально.
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

конденсироваться
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
Пар воды конденсируется в дождевые капли.
C2 noun /ˌkæl.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

calcification

кальцификация
Meaning
The process of calcium accumulation in soil, making it hard.
Example
Calcification reduces soil permeability and affects crop growth.
Кальцификация уменьшает проницаемость почвы и влияет на рост растений.
B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

камера
Meaning
a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.
Example
The king held meetings in his private chamber.
Царь проводил встречи в своей частной камере.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɪviəl/

convivial

дружелюбный, оживленный и приятный; общительный
Meaning
friendly, lively, and enjoyable; sociable
Example
The party had a convivial atmosphere with music and laughter.
На вечеринке была дружелюбная атмосфера с музыкой и смехом.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

circumstance

обстоятельство
Meaning
a fact or condition connected with an event or action
Example
She handled the difficult circumstances bravely.
Она храбро справилась с трудными обстоятельствами.
B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

обманщик
Meaning
a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage
Example
He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.
Его назвали обманщиком на экзамене.
C2 verb /ˈkævəl/

cavil

возражать по мелочам
Meaning
to make petty or unnecessary objections
Example
She caviled at every detail of the plan.
Она возражала по каждой детали плана.
C2 noun /kəˈliːdʒən/

collegian

студент колледжа
Meaning
a student of a college
Example
The collegians were preparing for the cultural festival.
Колледжиане готовились к культурному фестивалю.
B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

корона
Meaning
a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority
Example
The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
Королева носила великолепную корону во время коронации.
B2 noun /krɪˈeɪtə/

creator

создатель
Meaning
a person who brings something into existence
Example
He is the creator of many successful startups.
Он создатель многих успешных стартапов.
B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning
To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
B1 noun /ˈkɑːr.pən.tər/

Carpenter

плотник
Meaning
a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures
Example
The carpenter built a beautiful wooden cabinet for the kitchen.
Плотник построил красивый деревянный шкаф для кухни.