B2 noun /əˈstrɒnəmər/

astronomer

астроном

Meaning

a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and the universe

Example

The astronomer observed the new comet through his telescope.

Астроном наблюдал новый комету через свой телескоп.

B2 noun ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən

urbanization

урбанизация

Meaning

The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Example

Urbanization leads to more developed infrastructure.

Урбанизация ведет к более развитой инфраструктуре.

B2 verb /ɪnˈhæns/

enhance

улучшать

Meaning

to improve the quality, value, or extent of something

Example

The new features will enhance the user experience.

Новые функции улучшат опыт пользователей.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zɪnz/

Raisins

изюм

Meaning

dried grapes, often used in cooking and baking

Example

She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.

Она добавила изюм в овсяные печенья для дополнительной сладости.

B2 noun /ˌʌnəˌveɪləˈbɪləti/

unavailability

недоступность

Meaning

The state of being not available or not accessible.

Example

The unavailability of the manager caused a delay in the project.

Отсутствие менеджера вызвало задержку в проекте.

B2 noun /ˈstiː.mər/

Steamer

пароход

Meaning

a ship or boat powered by steam engines

Example

The old steamer crossed the river slowly.

Старый пароход медленно пересек реку.

B2 verb /dɪsˈmɪs/

dismiss

уволить, отклонить

Meaning

to remove someone from a job or position; to decide something is not important

Example

The manager dismissed the employee for being late too often.

Менеджер уволил сотрудника за то, что тот слишком часто опаздывал.

B2 adverb /əˈlɛdʒɪdli/

allegedly

предположительно

Meaning

used to say that something is claimed to be true, though not proven

Example

He was allegedly involved in the robbery.

Он предположительно был замешан в ограблении.

B2 noun /ˈpɑː.tər/

Potter

гончар

Meaning

a person who makes pottery

Example

The potter shaped clay on the spinning wheel.

Гончар формировал глину на вращающемся колесе.

B2 adjective /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒd/

disadvantaged

обделённый

Meaning

Lacking the basic resources or conditions needed for a good standard of living or equal opportunities.

Example

The program provides support to disadvantaged children.

Программа предоставляет поддержку обделённым детям.

B2 verb /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/

misbehave

плохо себя вести

Meaning

to behave badly or inappropriately; to act in an unacceptable way

Example

The children misbehaved during the school assembly.

Дети плохо себя вели во время школьного собрания.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

незрелый; не полностью развитый; детский

Meaning

not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish

Example

His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.

Его незрелое поведение на встрече разочаровало всех.

B2 noun /ˈɡʌvərnər/

governor

губернатор

Meaning

An official appointed or elected to govern a state, territory, or organization.

Example

The governor addressed the citizens about the upcoming election.

Губернатор обратился к гражданам по поводу предстоящих выборов.

B2 verb /ˈɛmɪˌɡreɪt/

emigrate

эмигрировать

Meaning

To leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another.

Example

Many people emigrated from Europe to America in the 19th century.

Многие люди эмигрировали из Европы в Америку в 19-м веке.

B2 adjective /dɪˈfensɪv/

Defensive

защитный

Meaning

used or intended to defend or protect; showing a tendency to react in an angry or hurt way when criticized

Example

He became defensive when criticized about his work.

Он стал защитным, когда его критиковали за его работу.

B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

случайно; расслабленно и неформально

Meaning

in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation

Example

He casually mentioned that he was leaving.

Он упомянул это как бы случайно.

B2 noun ˈven.tʃərz

ventures

предприятие

Meaning

Business enterprises or undertakings, especially risky ones.

Example

Luxury ventures in space attract wealthy clients.

Роскошные венчуры в космосе привлекают состоятельных клиентов.

B2 noun /siːdʒ/

siege

осада

Meaning

A military operation in which a place is surrounded to force its surrender.

Example

The castle fell after a long siege.

Замок пал после долгой осады.

B2 noun/adjective /ˌædəˈlɛsənt/

adolescent

подросток

Meaning

A young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult.

Example

Adolescents often experience rapid physical and emotional changes.

Подростки часто испытывают быстрые физические и эмоциональные изменения.

B2 adverb /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

Considerably

значительно; существенно

Meaning

to a notably large degree; significantly; substantially

Example

The price has increased considerably over the past year.

Цена значительно увеличилась за последний год.

B2 noun dɪˈstrækʃən

distraction

отвлечение

Meaning

Something that prevents concentration or takes attention away from something else.

Example

Distraction during study time can hinder learning.

Отвлечение внимания во время учёбы может затруднить обучение.

B2 noun/verb /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

grazing

пастбище

Meaning

The act of animals eating grass in a field; also lightly touching or scraping against something.

Example

Cows were grazing peacefully in the meadow.

Коровы мирно паслись на лугу.

B2 noun /ˈswiː.pər/

Sweeper

метельщик

Meaning

a person whose job is to clean floors and streets by sweeping

Example

The sweeper cleaned the school corridor every morning.

Метла чистила коридор школы каждое утро.

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

частичный; предвзятый;

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

Судья вынес частичное решение в пользу ответчика.

B2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tɪv/

Motive

мотив; причина; побуждение

Meaning

a reason for doing something; what drives someone to act

Example

The police are investigating the motive for the crime.

Полиция расследует мотив преступления.

B2 verb /ɡriːv/

grieve

горевать

Meaning

To feel or cause deep sorrow, especially due to someone's death.

Example

She continues to grieve the loss of her best friend.

Она продолжает горевать по утрате своей лучшей подруги.

B2 adjective /ʃɪər/

Sheer

чистый; абсолютный; прозрачный; очень крутой

Meaning

complete; absolute; transparent; very steep

Example

It was sheer luck that we found the place.

Это было чистое везение, что мы нашли это место.

B2 adjective /slɪm/

slim

стройный

Meaning

thin in an attractive or healthy way; small in amount or chance

Example

She looked slim in her new dress.

Она выглядела стройной в своем новом платье.

B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

передавать, сообщать, транспортировать

Meaning

To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.

Example

The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.

Учитель ясно передает урок студентам.

B2 noun /ˈrem.ə.di/

Remedy

лекарство; средство

Meaning

a medicine or treatment for a disease; a solution to a problem

Example

This herbal remedy helps with headaches.

Это травяное средство помогает при головных болях.

B2 noun /həˈraɪ.zən/

horizon

горизонт

Meaning

the line where the earth seems to meet the sky; the limit of one's knowledge, experience, or interest

Example

The sun disappeared below the horizon.

Солнце исчезло за горизонтом.

B2 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tʃər/

Signature

подпись

Meaning

a person's name written in their own handwriting as identification or authorization

Example

Please put your signature at the bottom of the document.

Пожалуйста, поставьте свою подпись внизу документа.

B2 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkt/

disinfect

дезинфицировать

Meaning

to clean something thoroughly to destroy bacteria or viruses

Example

The nurse disinfected the wound before applying a bandage.

Медсестра продезинфицировала рану перед тем, как наложить повязку.

B2 noun /ˈʃəʊ.keɪs/

showcase

витрина, показывать что-то привлекательным или выгодным способом

Meaning

A display case or exhibition; to present something in an attractive or favorable way.

Example

The exhibition showcased the artist's best works.

Выставка продемонстрировала лучшие работы художника.

B2 noun /ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/

guideline

руководство

Meaning

a rule, instruction, or principle that provides direction

Example

The company issued new guidelines for employee safety.

Компания выпустила новые руководства по безопасности сотрудников.

B2 adjective /ˈkwestʃənəbl/

Questionable

сомнительный

Meaning

doubtful; dubious; suspicious; open to doubt or suspicion

Example

His questionable business practices led to an investigation.

Его сомнительные деловые практики привели к расследованию.

B2 verb /ˈmɑːdərət/

moderate

модерировать

Meaning

to make less extreme or intense; to control or preside over

Example

She moderated the heated debate between the candidates.

Она модериировала оживленную дискуссию между кандидатами.

B2 adverb /ˈklɒkwaɪz/

Clockwise

по часовой стрелке

Meaning

in the direction that clock hands move; in a circular direction from left to right

Example

Turn the valve clockwise to tighten it.

Поверните вентиль по часовой стрелке, чтобы затянуть его.

B2 adjective /dɪˈfektɪv/

Defective

дефектный; неполный

Meaning

having faults or defects; imperfect

Example

The defective product was returned to the store.

Дефектный продукт был возвращён в магазин.

B2 adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/

Restricted

ограниченный или контролируемый; подверженный ограничениям

Meaning

limited or controlled; subject to restrictions

Example

Access to this area is restricted to authorized personnel only.

Доступ к этой области ограничен только для авторизованного персонала.

B2 adjective /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

Vibrant

яркий; живой; ярко выраженный

Meaning

full of energy and life; bright and striking

Example

The vibrant colors of the sunset painted the sky beautifully.

Яркие цвета заката раскрасили небо красиво.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/

emerging

развивающийся

Meaning

becoming known, developing, or starting to exist

Example

Bangladesh is one of the fastest emerging economies in the world.

Бангладеш является одной из самых быстро развивающихся экономик мира.

B2 noun /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

abolition

отмена

Meaning

the act of formally ending or eliminating a system, practice, or institution

Example

The abolition of slavery was a major milestone in human rights history.

Отмена рабства стала важной вехой в истории прав человека.

B2 noun /dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

geology

геология

Meaning

the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substances

Example

She studied geology to understand earthquakes.

Она изучала геологию, чтобы понять землетрясения.

B2 noun prɛsˈtiːʒ

prestige

престиж

Meaning

Widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

Example

The university has gained international prestige for its research.

Университет приобрел международный престиж благодаря своим исследованиям.

B2 noun /ˈwʊd.pek.ər/

Woodpecker

дятел

Meaning

a bird that pecks at tree bark to find insects and create nesting holes

Example

The woodpecker hammered against the oak tree.

Дятел постучал по дубу.

B2 verb, noun /ɪnˈdevər/

endeavour

стремиться

Meaning

To try hard to achieve something; an attempt or effort

Example

She endeavoured to finish the project on time.

Она старалась закончить проект вовремя.

B2 noun /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

suffering

страдание

Meaning

the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship

Example

They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine.

Они пытались облегчить его страдание с помощью лекарства.

B2 verb /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/

specialize

специализироваться

Meaning

to focus on a particular subject or activity and become an expert in it

Example

He decided to specialize in cardiology.

Он решил специализироваться в кардиологии.

B2 verb /ˈkɑːŋkər/

conquer

завоевывать

Meaning

to overcome and take control of; to defeat in war; to master or overcome

Example

The army managed to conquer the enemy territory.

Армия смогла захватить вражескую территорию.

B2 verb /ˈtɑːləreɪt/

tolerate

терпеть

Meaning

to accept or endure something unpleasant without complaining; to allow something to exist

Example

I cannot tolerate such rude behavior in my classroom.

Я не могу терпеть такое грубое поведение в своем классе.

B2 noun /ˈbɒmər/

Bomber

бомбардировщик

Meaning

military aircraft designed to drop bombs on targets

Example

The bomber squadron flew over the city at dawn.

Эскадрилья бомбардировщиков пролетела над городом на рассвете.

B2 noun ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk fuːdz

organic foods

органические продукты

Meaning

Food produced without the use of chemicals such as artificial pesticides, fertilizers, or other artificial agents.

Example

Organic foods are healthier than processed foods.

Органические продукты полезнее, чем переработанные продукты.

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

составные части

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

Белки и витамины являются важными составляющими здорового питания.

B2 noun /ˈkruː.əl.ti/

Cruelty

жестокость; бесчеловечное обращение; поведение, причиняющее боль

Meaning

behavior that causes pain or suffering to others; the quality of being cruel

Example

The documentary exposed the cruelty of factory farming to animals.

Документальный фильм продемонстрировал жестокость промышленного животноводства по отношению к животным.

B2 adverb /wɛərˈbaɪ/

whereby

посредством которого

Meaning

by which; because of which

Example

The company agreed to a contract whereby it would pay the penalty.

Компания согласилась на контракт, посредством которого она выплатит штраф.

B2 noun /ɔː/

awe

изумление

Meaning

a feeling of deep respect mixed with fear or wonder

Example

The children looked at the fireworks in awe.

Дети смотрели на фейерверки с изумлением.

B2 noun ˈstræt.ɪ.dʒiz

strategies

стратегии

Meaning

A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim; the art of planning and directing operations.

Example

Effective strategies can mitigate climate change impacts.

Эффективные стратегии могут смягчить последствия изменения климата.

B2 noun /ˈwɒrənti/

warranty

гарантия

Meaning

A written guarantee given by a manufacturer or seller promising to repair or replace a product if necessary within a specified period.

Example

The laptop comes with a two-year warranty.

Ноутбук поставляется с двухлетней гарантией.

B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/

acute

острый

Meaning

present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception

Example

The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.

Пациент страдал от острой боли после операции.

B2 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət/

Delegate

делегат

Meaning

a person chosen or elected to act for or represent others; representative

Example

Each country sent a delegate to participate in the international conference.

Каждая страна отправила делегата для участия в международной конференции.

B2 noun /næˈreɪʃən/

narration

повествование

Meaning

The act of telling a story or describing events in detail.

Example

The movie’s narration was done by a famous actor.

Наррация фильма была выполнена знаменитым актером.

B2 noun, verb /rɪər/

rear

задняя часть / растить

Meaning

the back part of something; to bring up or raise children or animals

Example

The mother cat reared her kittens in a quiet corner.

Мать кошка вырастила своих котят в тихом уголке.

B2 noun /əˈplɔːz/

applause

аплодисменты

Meaning

the sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or enjoyment

Example

The actor received loud applause after his performance.

Актер получил громкие аплодисменты после своей выступления.

B2 verb /plʌndʒ/

plunge

прыгать или нырять быстро; резко падать

Meaning

to jump or dive quickly; to fall sharply

Example

She plunged into the swimming pool.

Она прыгнула в бассейн.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl/

Unchangeable

неизменяемый; постоянный;

Meaning

not able to be changed or altered; fixed and permanent

Example

The laws of physics are unchangeable principles that govern the universe.

Законы физики — это неизменяемые принципы, управляющие вселенной.

B2 noun /ˈbækˌsaɪd/

backside

задняя часть

Meaning

the rear part or surface of something; informal term for the buttocks

Example

The kids slid down the hill on their backside.

Дети скатились с холма на своем заднем.

B2 noun /ˈɒt.ər/

Otter

выдра

Meaning

a mammal with webbed feet that lives near water and feeds on fish

Example

The playful otter swam gracefully in the river.

Игривая выдра плавала грациозно в реке.

B2 adverb /ˈdʒenərəsli/

generously

щедро

Meaning

in a kind, giving, or unselfish manner; in a plentiful or abundant way

Example

She generously donated money to help the poor.

Она щедро пожертвовала деньги, чтобы помочь бедным.

B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

каменистый; нестабильный; трудный

Meaning

full of rocks; unsteady; difficult

Example

The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.

Каменистая тропа сделала поход сложным для туристов.

B2 adverb /ˈfɜ:rmli/

Firmly

твердо

Meaning

in a strong, steady, and unwavering manner

Example

She firmly believed in her decision.

Она твердо верила в свое решение.

B2 adverb /pəˈtɛnʃəli/

potentially

потенциально

Meaning

with the possibility of becoming something in the future

Example

This project is potentially a huge success.

Этот проект потенциально может стать большим успехом.

B2 verb /ˈtɛstəfaɪ/

testify

давать показания

Meaning

to make a statement or declaration under oath or to give evidence

Example

She was called to testify in court about the accident.

Её вызвали дать показания в суде по делу об аварии.

B2 noun /hoʊm ˈdɪstrɪkt/

home district

родной район

Meaning

the district where a person was born or originally comes from

Example

He returned to his home district after many years abroad.

Он вернулся в свой родной район после многих лет за границей.

B2 adjective ɪkˈsplɪsɪt

explicit

ясный

Meaning

Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.

Example

The instructions were explicit, leaving no room for confusion.

Инструкции были ясными, не оставляющими места для путаницы.

B2 noun /ˈɪdɪət/

idiot

идиот

Meaning

a person who acts in a way that is considered very stupid or foolish

Example

He acted like an idiot at the party last night.

Он вёл себя как идиот на вечеринке прошлой ночью.

B2 adverb /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

efficiently

эффективно

Meaning

in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense

Example

She managed to complete the task efficiently within the deadline.

Она смогла эффективно выполнить задачу в срок.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrm.pɪt/

Armpit

подмышка

Meaning

the hollow area under the arm where it joins the shoulder

Example

He applied deodorant to his armpit.

Он нанес дезодорант на свою подмышку.

B2 noun /ˈkɒpə/

copper

медь

Meaning

a reddish-brown metal used for electrical wiring, coins, and more

Example

Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

Медь — хороший проводник электричества.

B2 noun /ˈdʒes.tʃər/

Gesture

жест

Meaning

a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning

Example

She made a welcoming gesture with her hands to invite the guests inside.

Она сделала приветственный жест руками, чтобы пригласить гостей войти.

B2 noun /ˈnuː.tri.ənt/

nutrient

питательное вещество

Meaning

A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and health of plants or animals.

Example

Plants absorb nutrients from the soil for growth.

Растения поглощают питательные вещества из почвы для роста.

B2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrtəbl/

convertible

кабриолет, автомобиль с откидным верхом

Meaning

able to be changed into a different form or use; also a car with a roof that can be folded down

Example

She drove her new convertible along the coastal road.

Она поехала на своем новом кабриолете по прибрежной дороге.

B2 noun /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/

opposition

оппозиция

Meaning

the action of opposing or resisting something

Example

The opposition to the new law was strong.

Оппозиция новому закону была сильной.

B2 noun /ɪnˈspekʃən/

inspection

инспекция

Meaning

a careful examination of something, especially to check that it is correct or safe

Example

The building passed the safety inspection last week.

Здание прошло проверку безопасности на прошлой неделе.

B2 noun /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/

archaeology

археология

Meaning

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains

Example

She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations.

Она изучала археологию, чтобы узнать о древних цивилизациях.

B2 adjective /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/

Dominant

доминирующий; влиятельный; самый важный

Meaning

controlling, influencing, or prevailing over others; most important or powerful

Example

The dominant player controlled the entire basketball game.

Доминирующий игрок контролировал всю игру в баскетбол.

B2 adjective /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiənt/

Disobedient

непослушный

Meaning

refusing to obey rules or authority; rebellious

Example

The disobedient child refused to follow the rules.

Непослушный ребенок отказался следовать правилам.

B2 noun /ˈkæp.ʃən/

caption

подпись

Meaning

a brief explanation or description accompanying an illustration or photograph

Example

The caption under the photo explained who the people were.

Подпись под фото объяснила, кто эти люди.

B2 noun /ɪnˈsɪstəns/

insistence

настоящее требование

Meaning

the act of demanding something firmly or repeatedly

Example

At his insistence, we stayed longer.

По его настоянию мы остались дольше.

B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

товар

Meaning

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

Example

Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.

Нефть — это ценное товарное сырьё на мировом рынке.

B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

нарушение; несоблюдение правил

Meaning

the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement

Example

The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.

Компания была оштрафована за нарушение экологических норм.

B2 verb /ɪkˈstrækt/

extract

извлекать

Meaning

to remove or take out something, often with effort

Example

The dentist had to extract the damaged tooth.

Стоматологу пришлось извлечь поврежденный зуб.

B2 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

embed

встраивать

Meaning

to fix something firmly into a surrounding mass or context

Example

The journalist was embedded with the military unit.

Журналист был встроен в военное подразделение.

B2 noun/verb /hɜːrd/

herd

стадо

Meaning

a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together; or to gather animals into a group.

Example

The shepherd herded the sheep into the pen.

Пастух загнал овец в загон.

B2 adjective /ˌæbsənt ˈmaɪndɪd/

absent-minded

забывчивый

Meaning

often forgetting things or not paying attention

Example

He is so absent-minded that he often forgets his keys.

Он так забывчив, что часто забывает свои ключи.

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rət/

Pirate

пират

Meaning

a person who attacks and robs ships at sea; someone who uses or reproduces copyrighted material illegally

Example

The pirate ship was spotted near the coast.

Пиратский корабль был замечен недалеко от побережья.

B2 noun /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/

Acquisition

приобретение, покупка, захват

Meaning

An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.

Example

The company's acquisition strategy boosted growth.

Стратегия приобретения компании способствовала росту.

B2 noun ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən

adaptation

адаптация

Meaning

The action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Example

Adaptation to climate change is critical for resilience.

Адаптация к изменению климата критична для устойчивости.

B2 verb /ɪˈkwɪp/

equip

оснащать

Meaning

to provide someone or something with the necessary items or skills for a task

Example

The school equipped its students with modern technology.

Школа оснастила своих студентов современными технологиями.

B2 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːst/

exhaust

истощить

Meaning

to tire out completely; to use up resources

Example

The long journey exhausted the children.

Долгая поездка исчерпала силы детей.

B2 noun /ˈiː.ɡoʊ/

Ego

эго; самоуважение

Meaning

a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance

Example

His big ego prevented him from accepting criticism from others.

Его большое эго мешало ему принимать критику от других.

B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.lænd/

Motherland

родина; родная страна

Meaning

the country where one was born or has citizenship; homeland

Example

He always spoke fondly of his motherland.

Он всегда говорил с любовью о своей родине.

B2 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl/

Basil

базилик

Meaning

an aromatic herb with green leaves used in cooking, especially Italian cuisine

Example

The pasta sauce was flavored with fresh basil.

Соус для пасты был приправлен свежим базиликом.

B2 noun ɪkˈspænʃən

expansion

расширение

Meaning

The action of becoming larger or more extensive; growth or development.

Example

Volunteering helps in the expansion of social networks.

Волонтёрство помогает в расширении социальных сетей.

B2 noun /ʌnˈrest/

Unrest

беспокойство; волнения; социальные или политические беспорядки

Meaning

a state of dissatisfaction and disturbance; social or political disorder

Example

The economic crisis led to widespread social unrest.

Экономический кризис привел к широкому социальному беспокойству.

B2 noun/verb /dræft/

draft

черновик

Meaning

A preliminary version of a piece of writing; to prepare a preliminary version of a document.

Example

She finished the first draft of her novel.

Она закончила первый черновик своего романа.

B2 adverb /ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt/

Overnight

за ночь; внезапно; очень быстро

Meaning

during the night; suddenly; very quickly

Example

The city was transformed overnight.

Город был преобразован за ночь.

B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

заставлять

Meaning

To force or drive someone to do something.

Example

The law compels citizens to pay taxes.

Закон заставляет граждан платить налоги.

B2 noun /ˈleɪ.bər.ər/

Labourer

рабочий

Meaning

a person who does unskilled physical work for wages

Example

The labourer worked hard all day at the construction site.

Рабочий усердно работал весь день на строительной площадке.

B2 noun /ˈθɪk.nəs/

thickness

толщина

Meaning

The measure of how thick or dense something is

Example

The thickness of the book made it hard to carry.

Толщина книги делала ее трудной для переноски.

B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

сельское хозяйство

Meaning

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Example

Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.

Устойчивое сельское хозяйство может помочь защитить окружающую среду.

B2 noun /ˈpetəl/

Petal

лепесток

Meaning

One of the colored segments of a flower that forms the corolla

Example

Each petal of the daisy was white with a yellow center.

Каждый лепесток ромашки был белым с желтым центром.

B2 noun /ˈpæntri/

pantry

кладовая

Meaning

A small room or cupboard where food, dishes, and kitchen supplies are stored.

Example

She stocked the pantry with fresh groceries for the week.

Она наполнила кладовую свежими продуктами на неделю.

B2 verb /əˈpɔɪnt/

appoint

назначать

Meaning

to choose someone for a job or position

Example

The board will appoint a new director.

Совет назначит нового директора.

B2 noun ˈhɑːrvɪstɪŋ

harvesting

урожай

Meaning

The process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields or collecting natural resources.

Example

Unregulated harvesting affects the biodiversity of oceans.

Несанкционированный сбор урожая влияет на биоразнообразие океанов.

B2 adjective /ˈdræs.tɪk/

Drastic

драстический; серьезный; имеющий сильное или далеко идущее воздействие

Meaning

extreme; severe; having a strong or far-reaching effect

Example

The company took drastic measures to reduce costs.

Компания предприняла драстические меры для сокращения затрат.

B2 noun /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

Disguise

маскировка; обман

Meaning

a means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity; something that hides the truth

Example

The spy wore an elaborate disguise to avoid being recognized by enemies.

Шпион носил сложный костюм, чтобы избежать того, чтобы его узнали враги.

B2 adjective /trɔːˈmætɪk/

traumatic

травматический

Meaning

Deeply distressing or disturbing, often related to emotional or physical injury.

Example

The accident was a traumatic experience for the entire family.

Авария стала травматическим опытом для всей семьи.

B2 noun draʊt

drought

засуха

Meaning

A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall; a shortage of water.

Example

Drought impacts crop growth significantly.

Засуха значительно влияет на рост урожая.

B2 adjective /ˈsɛntɪɡreɪd/

centigrade

Цельсий (центиград)

Meaning

Relating to the Celsius temperature scale, where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.

Example

The weather forecast predicted 30 degrees centigrade.

Прогноз погоды предсказал 30 градусов Цельсия.

B2 noun rɪˈtɛnʃən

retention

удержание

Meaning

The continued possession, use, or control of something

Example

The retention of information is essential for academic success.

Удержание информации важно для академического успеха.