C1 adverb /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bli/

Amicably

дружелюбно

Meaning

in a friendly way without anger or resentment

Example

The divorce was settled amicably between both parties.

Развод был урегулирован дружелюбно между обеими сторонами.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

незначительный

Meaning

Not important or significant; too small to matter.

Example

The mistake was minor and inconsequential.

Ошибка была незначительной и несущественной.

C1 noun /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃən/

reparation

репарации

Meaning

the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged

Example

The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.

Правительство предложило репарации жертвам конфликта.

C1 noun əˌkred.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

accreditation

аккредитация

Meaning

The action or process of officially recognizing someone or something as having a particular status or being qualified to perform a particular activity.

Example

Accreditation ensures institutional credibility.

Аккредитация обеспечивает институциональную надежность.

C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

лишение, нехватка, дефицит

Meaning

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.

Example

Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.

Недосыпание влияет на когнитивную функцию.

C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

аннексировать

Meaning

To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.

Example

The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.

Империя аннексировала соседнее королевство после войны.

C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

деспот

Meaning

a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way

Example

The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.

Деспот правил нацией с помощью страха и насилия.

C1 noun /ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/

diplomatic milestone

дипломатический рубеж

Meaning

A significant achievement or important event in diplomatic relations.

Example

Hosting the summit was a diplomatic milestone.

Организация саммита была дипломатическим рубежом.

C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

безупречный

Meaning

perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws

Example

Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.

Её комната была безупречной, всё было на своём месте.

C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

освобождён

Meaning

Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.

Example

Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.

Студенты с высокими оценками освобождены от финального экзамена.

C1 noun /ˈəʊ.nəs/

onus

ответственность

Meaning

A duty or responsibility, especially a heavy one.

Example

The onus is on the government to provide relief to the victims.

Ответственность за оказание помощи жертвам лежит на правительстве.

C1 noun /səˈbætɪkəl/

sabbatical

период отпуска для учебы или путешествий

Meaning

A period of paid leave granted to a teacher or worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.

Example

She took a sabbatical to research her new book.

Она взяла саббатикал, чтобы исследовать свою новую книгу.

C1 verb /mɔːrf/

morph

превращаться

Meaning

to change smoothly from one form, shape, or character into another

Example

The caterpillar will morph into a butterfly.

Гусеница превратится в бабочку.

C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

холера

Meaning

An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.

Example

The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.

В деревне после наводнения произошла вспышка холеры.

C1 noun ˈrɛp.ə.twɑːr

repertoire

репертуар

Meaning

A stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.

Example

The actor's repertoire includes both comedy and drama.

Репертуар актера включает как комедию, так и драму.

C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

торжество

Meaning

a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph

Example

There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.

После победы на улицах было торжество.

C1 noun ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪzd ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlz

marginalized individuals

маргинализированные индивидуумы

Meaning

People who are treated as insignificant or peripheral to society, often excluded from mainstream social, economic, or political activities.

Example

Marginalized individuals often face severe challenges.

Маргинализированные индивидуумы часто сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами.

C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

уничтожать

Meaning

To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.

Example

The storm obliterated entire villages.

Шторм уничтожил целые деревни.

C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

какаду

Meaning

a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered

Example

The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.

Белый какаду поднял свой красивый хохолок.

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmætɪk/

psychosomatic

психосоматический

Meaning

Relating to a physical illness or condition caused or aggravated by mental factors such as stress.

Example

Her stomach pain was diagnosed as psychosomatic, linked to stress.

Её боль в животе была диагностирована как психосоматическая, связанная со стрессом.

C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

уменьшать

Meaning

To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.

Example

His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.

Его грубое поведение снизит его хорошую репутацию.

C1 verb /əˈpreɪz/

appraise

оценивать

Meaning

to evaluate the value, quality, or importance of something

Example

The jeweler appraised the diamond before buying it.

Ювелир оценил бриллиант перед покупкой.

C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

распространённая репетиция

Meaning

A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.

Example

Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.

Спейст репетишн помогает сохранить долгосрочную память.

C1 noun /ˈwɪzərdri/

wizardry

магическое мастерство

Meaning

The art or practice of magic; great skill or expertise in something.

Example

The programmer's wizardry amazed everyone in the room.

Волшебство программиста поразило всех в комнате.

C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

необходи́мый

Meaning

Absolutely necessary, essential

Example

Water is indispensable for human survival.

Вода необходима для выживания человека.

C1 noun /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

needlework

работа с иглой, вышивка

Meaning

The craft of sewing, embroidery, or knitting done with a needle.

Example

Her grandmother taught her the art of needlework.

Ее бабушка научила ее искусству работы с иглой.

C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

растрачивать

Meaning

to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way

Example

He squandered his inheritance on gambling.

Он растратил наследство на азартные игры.

C1 adjective /dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ/

debilitating

ослабляющий

Meaning

Making someone or something weak and infirm.

Example

The disease had a debilitating effect on his health.

Заболевание оказало ослабляющее воздействие на его здоровье.

C1 noun rɪˈfaɪnmənt

refinement

рафинирование

Meaning

The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.

Example

His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.

Его манеры показывали утонченность, которая выделяла его в любой толпе.

C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

экстраполяция

Meaning

The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.

Example

His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.

Его экстраполяция рыночных тенденций помогла в финансовом планировании.

C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

коллюзия

Meaning

A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.

Example

There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.

Существовали доказательства коллюзии между чиновниками и подрядчиками.

C1 adjective /tɛmˈpɛstjuəs/

tempestuous

бурный

Meaning

Characterized by strong and turbulent emotions or stormy conditions.

Example

Their tempestuous relationship often swung between love and anger.

Их бурные отношения часто колебались между любовью и гневом.

C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

осадки

Meaning

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.

Example

Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.

Годовые уровни осадков уменьшаются.

C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

преодолеть

Meaning

to overcome a difficulty or obstacle

Example

He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.

Он преодолел все трудности, чтобы осуществить свою мечту.

C1 verb /ˈrævɪdʒ/

ravage

опустошать

Meaning

to cause severe and extensive damage or destruction

Example

The hurricane ravaged the coastal villages.

Ураган разрушил прибрежные деревни.

C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsteɪt/

understate

преуменьшать

Meaning

To describe something as being less important or serious than it really is.

Example

He tends to understate his achievements.

Он склонен преуменьшать свои достижения.

C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

канонический / принятый

Meaning

Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.

Example

Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.

Произведения Шекспира считаются каноническими в английской литературе.

C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

канцерогенный

Meaning

Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.

Example

Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.

Переработанное мясо содержит канцерогенные соединения.

C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

хищник/эксплуататор

Meaning

Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.

Example

The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.

Хищная птица бросилась на свою добычу.

C1 noun /riːk/

Reek

пахнуть плохо; производить сильное впечатление чего-то неприятного или нежелательного

Meaning

to have a very unpleasant smell; to give a strong impression of something unpleasant or undesirable

Example

The garbage can reeks of rotten food.

Ведро для мусора пахнет гнилыми продуктами.

C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

некомпетентность

Meaning

Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.

Example

The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.

Проект потерпел неудачу из-за некомпетентности менеджера.

C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

оценка

Meaning

An estimation of the worth of something.

Example

The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.

Оценка недвижимости была значительно выше, чем ожидалось.

C1 noun /ˈæd.vənt/

advent

пришествие

Meaning

The arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.

Example

The advent of the internet changed the way people communicate.

Пришествие интернета изменило способ общения людей.

C1 adjective + noun ˈfeɪvərəbəl klaɪˈmætɪk kənˈdɪʃənz

favorable climatic conditions

благоприятные климатические условия

Meaning

Weather conditions that are suitable and beneficial for growth or development

Example

Winter offers favorable climatic conditions for farming.

Зима предлагает благоприятные климатические условия для сельского хозяйства.

C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

зверство

Meaning

an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence

Example

The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.

Мир осудил зверство, совершенное против мирных жителей.

C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

идиома

Meaning

A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.

Example

The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.

Идиома 'сломать лед' означает начать разговор дружелюбным способом.

C1 noun /ˈkæn.dɚ/

candor

откровенность

Meaning

The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward in speech or expression.

Example

She spoke with candor about the challenges she faced.

Она говорила с откровенностью о проблемах, с которыми столкнулась.

C1 noun /ˌrek.ənˌsɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

reconciliation

примирение

Meaning

The restoration of friendly relations; the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.

Example

The peace treaty was a major step toward reconciliation.

Мирный договор стал важным шагом к примирению.

C1 noun ɡrɪt

grit

решимость

Meaning

Long-term determination and perseverance in the face of hardship and challenges.

Example

His grit and hard work led him to success.

Его решимость и упорный труд привели его к успеху.

C1 adverb /ˌʌnkənˈvɛnʃənəli/

unconventionally

неконвенционально

Meaning

in a way that is not based on or conforming to accepted standards or norms

Example

She dresses unconventionally, mixing bold colors and patterns that surprise everyone.

Она одевается неконвенционально, сочетая яркие цвета и узоры, которые удивляют всех.

C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

автократ

Meaning

A ruler with absolute power.

Example

The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.

Автократ контролировал страну железным кулаком.

Meaning

easily made to laugh by being touched lightly; easily upset or sensitive

Example

She is very ticklish and bursts into laughter when touched on her feet.

C1 adjective ˌmæk.roʊ.iː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk

macroeconomic

макроэкономический

Meaning

Relating to the large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.

Example

Government policies impact macroeconomic stability.

Государственная политика влияет на макроэкономическую стабильность.

C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

сектантский

Meaning

relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict

Example

The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.

Регион страдает от сектантского насилия на протяжении десятилетий.

C1 adjective /ˌruː.dɪˈmen.tər.i/

Rudimentary

основной; элементарный; недоразвившийся; на самой ранней стадии развития

Meaning

basic; elementary; undeveloped; in the earliest stage of development

Example

She has only rudimentary knowledge of French.

У неё есть только начальные знания французского.

C1 noun /ˈnjʊə.rəʊ.trænsˌmɪt.ərs/

neurotransmitters

нейротрансмиттеры

Meaning

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve synapses, affecting mood, behavior, and cognitive functions.

Example

Serotonin and dopamine are key neurotransmitters affecting mood.

Серотонин и допамин - ключевые нейротрансмиттеры, влияющие на настроение.

C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

надзиратель на экзамене

Meaning

a person who supervises students during an examination

Example

The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.

Надзиратель напомнил студентам выключить свои телефоны.

C1 noun /bəˈrɑːʒ/

barrage

заградительный огонь или быстрый нападение

Meaning

a concentrated outpouring of questions, criticisms, or blows; a rapid, continuous attack

Example

The politician faced a barrage of tough questions from reporters.

Политик столкнулся с потоком трудных вопросов от репортеров.

C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

фарс

Meaning

a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation

Example

The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.

Встреча превратилась в настоящий фарс, когда все начали спорить.

C1 adverb /ˌhɛdˈfɜrst/

headfirst

головой вперёд

Meaning

With the head leading; in a reckless or hasty manner.

Example

He dived headfirst into the pool.

Он нырнул головой вперёд в бассейн.

C1 verb /ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt/

dismount

сойти

Meaning

to get off or down from something, especially a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle

Example

The rider dismounted from the horse after a long journey.

Всадник сошел с лошади после долгого путешествия.

C1 adjective /ˈlæk.tɪk/

lactic

относящийся к молоку или молочной кислоте

Meaning

Relating to milk or lactic acid.

Example

Intense exercise can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.

Интенсивные упражнения могут привести к накоплению молочной кислоты в мышцах.

C1 adjective /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/

Amiable

дружелюбный и приятный; добродушный; добрый

Meaning

friendly and pleasant; good-natured; kind

Example

My neighbor is very amiable and always greets everyone warmly.

Мой сосед очень дружелюбный и всегда тепло приветствует всех.

C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

откинуться

Meaning

To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.

Example

She reclined on the sofa with a book.

Она откинулась на диван с книгой.

C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

хаос

Meaning

Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.

Example

The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.

Протесты превратились в хаос, когда толпа столкнулась с полицией.

C1 noun /liːtʃ/

Leech

пиявка

Meaning

an aquatic or terrestrial annelid worm with suckers at both ends; metaphorically, a person who extorts profit from others

Example

The leech attached itself to his leg while swimming.

Пиявка прикрепилась к его ноге, пока он плавал.

C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

сенсибилизация

Meaning

The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.

Example

The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.

Врач предупредил о сенсибилизации, вызванной повторным воздействием химических веществ.

C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

искрящийся

Meaning

brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling

Example

Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.

Её искрящийся разговор развлекал всех.

C1 verb /ˈdʒʌk.stə.poʊz/

juxtapose

поместить два разных объекта рядом друг с другом

Meaning

To place two different things close together to show how they are different or similar.

Example

The artist juxtaposed traditional and modern elements in his painting.

Художник разместил традиционные и современные элементы рядом в своей картине.

C1 adverb /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋli/

searchingly

исследовательно

Meaning

In a way that seems to look for hidden meanings or truth.

Example

She looked at him searchingly, hoping for an honest answer.

Она посмотрела на него с любопытством, ожидая честного ответа.

C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

неутомимый

Meaning

Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.

Example

He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.

У него неутомимый аппетит к знаниям.

C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

виртуоз

Meaning

A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.

Example

The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.

Пианист — настоящий виртуоз, очаровывающий аудиторию по всему миру.

C1 adjective ˌbjʊə.rəˈkræt.ɪk

bureaucratic

бюрократический

Meaning

Involving or characterized by complex rules and procedures that can delay the achievement of goals.

Example

Bureaucratic red tape often delays project approvals.

Бюрократическая волокита часто задерживает утверждение проектов.

C1 adjective /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

fraternal

братский

Meaning

Relating to brothers or brotherhood; friendly and supportive.

Example

The two nations maintain a fraternal relationship.

Две нации поддерживают братские отношения.

C1 noun, adverb /ˈeɪliəs/

alias

псевдоним

Meaning

A false or assumed identity; also used to mean 'otherwise called'.

Example

The criminal was known by the alias 'Shadow'.

Преступник был известен под псевдонимом 'Тень'.

C1 verb /əˈkrɛdɪt/

accredit

аккредитовать

Meaning

to officially recognize, authorize, or approve someone or something

Example

The university is accredited by the national education board.

Университет аккредитован национальным образовательным советом.

C1 noun /dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃənz/

deliberations

обсуждения

Meaning

Careful consideration and discussion before making decisions.

Example

Deliberations on sustainability continued for hours.

Обсуждения устойчивости продолжались несколько часов.

C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

проникать

Meaning

to spread through and be present in every part of something

Example

The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.

Запах свежих цветов наполнил всю комнату.

C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

самообладание

Meaning

The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.

Example

His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.

Его самообладание во время кризиса было замечательным.

C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

монета

Meaning

money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit

Example

The transaction was made in specie.

Транзакция была проведена монетами.

C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

филантроп

Meaning

a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes

Example

The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.

Филантроп пожертвовал миллионы на строительство школ в сельских районах.

C1 verb/noun ˈfæð.əm

fathom

понимать

Meaning

To understand after much thought; to measure the depth of water; to comprehend.

Example

It is difficult to fathom the depths of the ocean.

Трудно понять глубины океана.

C1 adjective ˈmær.ɪ.taɪm

Maritime

морской

Meaning

Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.

Example

Maritime trade enhances the economy.

Морская торговля укрепляет экономику.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

инертный

Meaning

lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive

Example

The patient remained inert on the bed.

Пациент оставался инертным на кровати.

C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

экзистенциальный

Meaning

Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.

Example

She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.

Она пережила экзистенциальный кризис в середине своей жизни.

C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

подстрекать

Meaning

to provoke; to stir up

Example

His speech incited the crowd to violence.

Его речь подстегнула толпу к насилию.

C1 noun /rɪˈpʌlʃən/

Repulsion

отталкивание

Meaning

a feeling of intense distaste or disgust; a force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other

Example

She felt a strong repulsion towards the idea of eating insects.

Ей было крайне противно от мысли о поедании насекомых.

C1 verb /əbˈzɒlv/

absolve

освобождать

Meaning

to free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility; to pardon

Example

The priest absolved him of his sins.

Священник освободил его от его грехов.

C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.dʒəns/

divergence

дивергенция

Meaning

The process or state of diverging; a difference or deviation between two or more things.

Example

The divergence in their opinions led to a heated debate.

Дивергенция в их мнениях привела к ожесточенной дискуссии.

C1 noun /lʌst/

Lust

очень сильное сексуальное желание; страстное желание чего-либо

Meaning

very strong sexual desire; a passionate desire for something

Example

His lust for power corrupted him completely.

Его страсть к власти полностью его развратила.

C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

грязь

Meaning

dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption

Example

The streets were full of filth after the storm.

Улицы были полны грязи после бури.

C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

заражение, наличие необычно большого количества насекомых или животных в каком-либо месте

Meaning

The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.

Example

The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.

Заражение муравьями на кухне привело к немедленным мерам по борьбе с вредителями.

C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

религировать

Meaning

to assign to a lower rank, position, or category

Example

The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.

Менеджер решил религировать игрока на скамейку запасных.

C1 adjective /ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl/

Hypocritical

лицемерный

Meaning

behaving in a way that contradicts one's stated beliefs or values

Example

It's hypocritical to preach honesty while lying yourself.

Лицемерно проповедовать честность, когда сам обманываешь.

C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

добросовестность

Meaning

The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.

Example

Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.

Ее добросовестность на работе привела к хорошо организованному проекту.

C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

осуществимый

Meaning

able to be done or put into practice successfully

Example

The plan is not practicable without more resources.

План не является осуществимым без дополнительных ресурсов.

C1 verb /əbˈsɛs/

obsess

одержимость

Meaning

To preoccupy or fill the mind of someone continually and to an excessive degree.

Example

She tends to obsess over small details.

Она склонна зацикливаться на мелочах.

C1 noun /ˈhɪp.ə.krɪt/

Hypocrite

лицемер; обманщик; притворщик

Meaning

a person who acts in contradiction to their stated beliefs or feelings; a pretender

Example

Don't be a hypocrite by demanding honesty from others while lying yourself.

Не будь лицемером, требуя честности от других, в то время как ты сам лжешь.

C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

самоутверждение

Meaning

The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.

Example

Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.

Ежедневное самоутверждение может повысить вашу уверенность в себе.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/

Indecisive

нерешительный

Meaning

unable to make decisions quickly; hesitant; wavering

Example

She was indecisive about which university to attend.

Она колебалась, какой университет выбрать.

C1 adjective /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/

analogous

аналогичный

Meaning

Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of things being compared.

Example

The human brain is analogous to a supercomputer.

Человеческий мозг аналогичен суперкомпьютеру.

C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɛks/

vertex

вершина

Meaning

The highest point; the top or the apex.

Example

The climber reached the vertex of the mountain.

Альпинист достиг вершины горы.

C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

выходить

Meaning

To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.

Example

Several states threatened to secede from the union.

Несколько штатов угрожали выйти из союза.

C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

доблесть

Meaning

Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.

Example

The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.

Солдат был награжден за свою доблесть во время войны.

C1 adjective /ˈræmʃækəl/

ramshackle

ветхий

Meaning

poorly built or maintained; in a state of disrepair

Example

They lived in a ramshackle old house on the edge of town.

Они жили в старом ветхом доме на окраине города.

C1 noun /ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/

restitution

возмещение ущерба

Meaning

The act of restoring something to its rightful owner or compensating for loss

Example

The court ordered restitution to the victims of the fraud.

Суд постановил возмещение ущерба жертвам мошенничества.

C1 adjective ˈzɛləs

zealous

рьяный

Meaning

Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; fervent.

Example

The zealous volunteers worked tirelessly for the cause.

Рьяные волонтёры работали неутомимо ради дела.

C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

неуправляемый; вне контроля

Meaning

difficult or impossible to control or handle

Example

The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.

Большой класс стал неуправляемым без должного контроля.

C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

социоэкономический прогресс

Meaning

Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.

Example

Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.

Социоэкономический прогресс поднимает маргинализированные сообщества.

C1 verb /wɑːft/

waft

плыть в воздухе

Meaning

to move gently through the air, carried by a breeze

Example

The smell of fresh bread wafted through the kitchen.

Запах свежего хлеба пронесся через кухню.

C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

сжать

Meaning

to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller

Example

The file was compressed to save storage space.

Файл был сжат для экономии места.

C1 noun/verb /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊ/

torpedo

торпеда

Meaning

A self-propelled underwater missile; to attack or destroy something suddenly and forcefully.

Example

The submarine launched a torpedo at the enemy ship.

Подводная лодка выпустила торпеду по вражескому кораблю.

C1 noun /ˈæpərtʃər/

aperture

отверстие / дыра

Meaning

an opening, hole, or gap, especially one that lets in light

Example

Light entered through the small aperture in the wall.

Свет вошел через маленькое отверстие в стене.

C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

суррогат

Meaning

A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.

Example

The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.

Суррогатная мать родила ребенка после того, как выносила его девять месяцев.