B2 adverb /ˌæksɪˈdɛntəli/

accidentally

случайно

Meaning

happening by chance or unexpectedly

Example

He accidentally dropped the glass.

Он случайно уронил стакан.

A1 adverb /ˈɔːl.weɪz/

Always

всегда; навсегда; в любое время

Meaning

at all times; on all occasions; forever

Example

She always arrives early to work.

Она всегда приходит рано на работу.

B1 adverb /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

Absolutely

абсолютно; полностью; без исключений

Meaning

completely; totally; without exception

Example

I absolutely agree with your decision.

Я абсолютно согласен с твоим решением.

B2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ən/

alien

инопланетянин

Meaning

Belonging to a foreign country or nation; extraterrestrial.

Example

The telescope is capable of detecting alien signals.

Телескоп может обнаруживать инопланетные сигналы.

B2 noun (plural) /ˈɑːrtɪˌfæks/

artifacts

артефакты

Meaning

objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance

Example

Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins.

Археологи обнаружили ценные артефакты в руинах.

B2 noun /ˈɑːr.mər/

Armour

бронирование

Meaning

protective covering worn by soldiers; metal plating for military vehicles

Example

The knight wore heavy armour to protect himself in battle.

Рыцарь носил тяжелую броню, чтобы защитить себя в бою.

C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

агрегат, совокупность

Meaning

A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.

Example

The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.

Данные были агрегированы для более ясного представления о рынке.

A2 adverb /ˈæktʃuəli/

actually

на самом деле

Meaning

used to emphasize that something is true, especially when surprising

Example

She actually completed the project ahead of schedule.

Она на самом деле завершила проект раньше срока.

B2 adverb /ˈænjuəli/

annually

ежегодно

Meaning

once every year; yearly

Example

The company holds a general meeting annually.

Компания проводит общее собрание ежегодно.

C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

намёк

Meaning

An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.

Example

Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.

Её рассказ содержал намёк на знаменитый миф.

C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

флотилия военных кораблей

Meaning

A large fleet of warships.

Example

The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.

Испанская Армада отправилась против Англии в 1588 году.

B2 adjective /əˈtɒm.ɪk/

Atomic

атомный

Meaning

relating to atoms or atomic energy; extremely small

Example

The atomic structure of hydrogen is the simplest.

Атомная структура водорода самая простая.

B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

активное воспоминание

Meaning

A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.

Example

Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.

Активное воспоминание улучшает долгосрочную память и удержание информации.

C2 noun /əbˈhɒrəns/

abhorrence

отвращение

Meaning

a feeling of strong disgust or hatred

Example

He expressed his abhorrence of racial discrimination.

Он выразил своё отвращение к расовой дискриминации.

C2 noun /əˈnæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

anabolism

анаболизм

Meaning

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, involving tissue repair and growth.

Example

Anabolism is essential for muscle growth and tissue repair.

Анаболизм необходим для роста мышц и восстановления тканей.

C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

дерзкий

Meaning

showing willingness to take bold risks; daring

Example

His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.

Его дерзкий план взобраться на гору без необходимого снаряжения шокировал всех.

B1 noun /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

automobile

машина

Meaning

a road vehicle powered by an engine, typically with four wheels

Example

He bought a new automobile last week.

Он купил новую машину на прошлой неделе.

C2 noun (plural) /əˈspɜːr.ʒənz/

aspersions

клевета

Meaning

Critical or slanderous remarks; multiple attacks on reputation.

Example

The politician rejected the aspersions cast against him.

Политик отклонил клевету, выдвинутую против него.

B1 adjective /ˈæn.ju.əl/

annual

ежегодный

Meaning

happening once every year

Example

The company holds an annual meeting for all its shareholders.

Компания проводит ежегодное собрание для всех своих акционеров.

C2 noun /əˌkædəˈmɪʃən/

academician

академик

Meaning

a member of an academy; a scholar or expert in a field of study

Example

The academicians gathered to discuss the future of education.

Академики собрались, чтобы обсудить будущее образования.

B1 verb /əˈtʃiːv/

achieve

достигать

Meaning

to successfully bring about or reach a desired goal or result

Example

She worked hard to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.

Она усердно работала, чтобы достичь своей мечты стать врачом.

A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəns/

audience

аудитория

Meaning

A group of people who gather to watch, listen to, or experience a performance, event, or broadcast.

Example

The audience clapped loudly after the performance.

Аудитория громко аплодировала после выступления.

C1 noun /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/

alliteration

аллитерация

Meaning

the occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in close succession

Example

She used alliteration in her poem to add musicality.

Она использовала аллитерацию в своем стихотворении, чтобы добавить музыкальность.

C2 noun /ˌæpəˈzɪʃən/

apposition

аппозиция (параллельная грамматика)

Meaning

a grammatical construction in which two elements are placed side by side, with one explaining the other

Example

In the phrase 'my friend John,' the word 'John' is in apposition to 'my friend.'

В фразе 'мой друг Иван' слово 'Иван' находится в аппозиции с 'моим другом'.

B2 adverb /əˈten.tɪv.li/

Attentively

внимательно

Meaning

with careful attention; in a focused manner

Example

She listened attentively to her teacher's instructions.

Она внимательно слушала указания своего учителя.

A2 verb /əˈtækt/

attacked

атаковал

Meaning

physically or verbally assaulted someone or something; launched an aggressive action against a target

Example

The soldiers attacked the enemy at dawn.

Солдаты атаковали врага на рассвете.

B2 noun ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən

adaptation

адаптация

Meaning

The action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Example

Adaptation to climate change is critical for resilience.

Адаптация к изменению климата критична для устойчивости.

B1 noun /əkˈsɛptəns/

acceptance

принятие

Meaning

the act of agreeing to receive or undertake something offered

Example

Her acceptance of the award was met with applause.

Её принятие награды было встречено аплодисментами.

C2 adjective /əˈdʌltəreɪtɪd/

adulterated

фальсифицированный

Meaning

describes food, drink, or medicine made weaker or impure by the addition of another substance

Example

Authorities seized adulterated drugs from the warehouse.

Власти изъяли фальсифицированные лекарства со склада.

C1 verb /əˈkwɪt/

acquit

оправдывать

Meaning

to declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge; to conduct oneself in a specified way

Example

The jury decided to acquit the defendant of all charges.

Присяжные решили оправдать подсудимого по всем обвинениям.

C1 noun /əˈsɛnʃən/

ascension

вознесение

Meaning

The act of rising or going up, often to an important position or a higher place.

Example

His rapid ascension in the company surprised everyone.

Его быстрый подъем в компании удивил всех.

C1 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪmənt/

accompaniment

сопровождение

Meaning

Something that goes together with or complements another thing, often music or food.

Example

The dish was served with a spicy sauce as an accompaniment.

Блюдо подавалось с острым соусом в качестве гарнира.

C2 noun /əˈfleɪtəs/

afflatus

божественное вдохновение

Meaning

a sudden divine inspiration or creative impulse

Example

The poet wrote the verses under a sudden afflatus of inspiration.

Поэт написал стихи под внезапным божественным вдохновением.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪzən/

artisan

ремесленник

Meaning

a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand

Example

The artisan crafted a beautiful wooden chair.

Ремесленник создал красивое деревянное кресло.

C1 noun /ˈɑːr.tər.i/

Artery

артерия

Meaning

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

Example

The doctor checked the pulse in his artery.

Доктор проверил пульс в его артерии.

A2 verb /əˈtrækt/

attract

привлекать

Meaning

to cause someone to have interest or draw something towards

Example

The flowers attract bees with their bright colors.

Цветы привлекают пчел с помощью своих ярких цветов.

B1 verb /əˈproʊtʃ/

approach

подходить / решать проблему

Meaning

to move closer to someone or something; to deal with a situation or problem

Example

The teacher approached the student to offer help.

Учитель подошел к ученику, чтобы предложить помощь.

C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

задолженность

Meaning

A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.

Example

He was sued for an arrear of rent.

Его подали в суд за задолженность по аренде.

C1 noun /əˈtjuːn.mənt/

attunement

настройка

Meaning

Being in harmony or responsive to someone's emotional state.

Example

Attunement to emotions improves relationships.

Настройка на эмоции улучшает отношения.

C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

аффидевит

Meaning

a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court

Example

The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.

Свидетель подал афидевит в суд.

B2 noun/verb /ɔːˈdɪʃən/

audition

прослушивание

Meaning

A trial performance by an actor, singer, or musician to demonstrate suitability for a role.

Example

She auditioned for the lead role in the school play.

Она прошла прослушивание на главную роль в школьной пьесе.

B1 adjective /əˈlɜːrt/

alert

бдительный

Meaning

quick to notice and respond to potential danger or issues; aware and attentive

Example

The alert dog barked at the stranger approaching the house.

Бдительная собака залаяла на незнакомца, подходящего к дому.

B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

ознакомить

Meaning

to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce

Example

Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.

Пожалуйста, ознакомьтесь с инструкциями по безопасности перед использованием машины.

B1 noun /ˈɔː.θər/

Author

автор

Meaning

a person who writes books, articles, or other written work

Example

The author spent three years writing her bestselling novel.

Автор потратил три года на написание своего бестселлера.

C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

реальность

Meaning

The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.

Example

The movie was based on historical actuality.

Фильм был основан на исторической реальности.

C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

одежда

Meaning

Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.

Example

She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.

Она носила традиционную одежду на свадебной церемонии.

A2 noun /əˈdʌlt/

Adult

взрослый человек; взрослый

Meaning

a person who is fully grown or developed; mature

Example

Only adults are allowed to enter this area.

Только взрослые могут войти в эту зону.

C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

засвидетельствовать

Meaning

To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.

Example

The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.

Свидетель засвидетельствовал точность отчета.

B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/

Apricot

абрикос

Meaning

a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh

Example

The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.

Абрикосовое дерево производит сладкие плоды летом.

B1 adjective /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/

academic

академический

Meaning

related to education, learning, or scholarly activities

Example

She has an outstanding academic record.

У нее выдающиеся академические достижения.

A1 pronoun /ˈɛniwʌn/

anyone

кто-то

Meaning

any person at all; used to refer to an unspecified person

Example

Does anyone know the answer to this question?

Кто-то знает ответ на этот вопрос?

B1 noun /ˈæmətər/

amateur

любитель

Meaning

A person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport or art, on an unpaid basis.

Example

The painting looked impressive, even though it was done by an amateur.

Картина выглядела впечатляюще, несмотря на то, что её написал любитель.

B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/

achievable

достижимый

Meaning

Able to be brought about or reached successfully.

Example

Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.

Начните с достижимых шагов, чтобы оставаться мотивированным.

C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

амбивалентность

Meaning

Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.

Example

She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.

Она чувствовала амбивалентность, принимая предложение о работе.

B1 verb /ədˈmaɪər/

admire

восхищаться

Meaning

To respect, appreciate, or look up to someone or something.

Example

I really admire her dedication to education.

Я действительно восхищаюсь ее преданностью образованию.

B1 noun /ˈækses/

Access

доступ

Meaning

the ability, right, or permission to approach, enter, or pass to and from a place

Example

Students have access to the library 24 hours a day.

Студенты имеют доступ в библиотеку 24 часа в сутки.

C2 noun /ˌæbsəˈluːʃən/

absolution

опрощение

Meaning

formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment

Example

The priest granted him absolution for his sins.

Священник даровал ему прощение за его грехи.

B2 adverb /əˈfek.ʃən.ət.li/

Affectionately

нежно

Meaning

in a way that shows feelings of liking or love; with fondness and care

Example

She hugged her grandmother affectionately.

Она обняла свою бабушку с любовью.

B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz

allegations

обвинения

Meaning

Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.

Example

The allegations were investigated by an international body.

Обвинения были расследованы международным органом.

C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

оправдание

Meaning

a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged

Example

The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.

Оправдание обвиняемого шокировало общественность.

B1 adjective /əˈfɔːdəbl/

affordable

доступный

Meaning

inexpensive and within one's financial means

Example

This restaurant offers affordable meals for families.

Этот ресторан предлагает доступные блюда для семей.

C2 adjective /əˈvʌŋkjələr/

avuncular

дружелюбный как дядя

Meaning

kind and friendly, like an uncle

Example

He had an avuncular manner that made everyone feel comfortable.

У него был авункуларный манер, который заставлял всех чувствовать себя комфортно.

B1 noun /ˈædʒɪktɪv/

adjective

прилагательное

Meaning

a word that describes or modifies a noun by giving more information about its quality, quantity, or state

Example

The adjective in the sentence adds more detail to the noun.

Прилагательное добавляет информацию о существительном.

C2 noun /əˈdɛpt.nəs/

adeptness

умение и ловкость

Meaning

Skill and dexterity in a task.

Example

His adeptness in negotiations helped close the deal successfully.

Его умение в переговорах помогло успешно завершить сделку.

C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

быстрый и гибкий

Meaning

able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action

Example

The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.

Стартап-команда была гибкой в ответе на изменения на рынке.

B1 noun /ədˈmɪʃ.ən/

Admission

допуск; принятие

Meaning

the process of entering or being allowed to enter a school or organization; accepting that something is true

Example

She gained admission to Harvard University.

Она получила допуск в Университет Гарварда.

C1 noun /ˈɑːrmfʊl/

armful

плечо

Meaning

As much as can be carried in one or both arms.

Example

She carried an armful of books into the library.

Она несла плечо книг в библиотеку.

A2 verb /əkˈsɛpt/

accept

принимать

Meaning

to receive willingly; to believe or come to recognize

Example

She decided to accept the job offer.

Она решила принять предложение о работе.

C2 verb /əˈniːl/

anneal

закалить нагревом

Meaning

To heat and cool metal or glass to make it stronger or less brittle.

Example

The blacksmith annealed the steel to improve its durability.

Кузнец закалил сталь, чтобы улучшить её прочность.

C2 noun, adjective /ˌæntiˌspæzˈmɒdɪk/

antispasmodic

антиспазмодическое

Meaning

A drug or agent that relieves or prevents muscle spasms.

Example

The doctor prescribed an antispasmodic to ease the pain.

Врач прописал антиспазмодическое средство для облегчения боли.

B1 noun, adjective, gerund /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

acting

актёрская игра

Meaning

the art or profession of performing in plays, films, or television; temporary performance of duties; the process of performing an action

Example

She is studying acting to become a professional actress.

Она изучает актёрское мастерство, чтобы стать профессиональной актрисой.

C1 noun əˈtrɒs.ɪ.tiz

atrocities

жестокости

Meaning

Extremely wicked or cruel acts, typically involving physical violence or injury.

Example

The atrocities shocked the international community.

Жестокости потрясли международное сообщество.

B1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/

Alligator

аллигатор

Meaning

a large reptile similar to a crocodile but with a shorter, wider head

Example

The alligator basked in the sun on the riverbank.

Аллигатор загорал на берегу реки.

C1 noun /ˈævətɑːr/

avatar

аватар

Meaning

an icon or figure representing a person in digital contexts; in Hinduism, a divine incarnation

Example

She changed her social media avatar to a new cartoon image.

Она изменила свой аватар в социальных сетях на новое изображение мультфильма.

C1 adjective /ɑːrˈkeɪɪk/

archaic

архаичный

Meaning

very old or old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier time

Example

Some laws are considered archaic and no longer relevant.

Некоторые законы считаются архаичными и больше не актуальны.

C2 noun /ˌæntiˈsaɪkloʊn/

anticyclone

антициклон

Meaning

A weather system with high atmospheric pressure at its center, usually bringing calm and clear conditions.

Example

An anticyclone brought sunny weather across the region.

Антициклон принес ясную погоду на всю территорию.

C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ə.rɪst/

apiarist

пчеловод

Meaning

a person who keeps and tends bees for honey production

Example

The apiarist collected fresh honey from the hives.

Пчеловод собрал свежий мед с ульев.

C1 verb /əbˈsteɪn/

abstain

воздерживаться

Meaning

To restrain oneself from indulging in or partaking of something.

Example

People often abstain from digital devices to enhance focus.

Люди часто воздерживаются от использования цифровых устройств, чтобы улучшить концентрацию.

B2 adjective /ænˈdʒelɪk/

angelic

ангельский

Meaning

Like or characteristic of an angel; pure, kind, or innocent.

Example

The child had an angelic smile.

У ребенка была ангельская улыбка.

B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

рост стоимости

Meaning

An increase in the value of an asset over time.

Example

Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.

Недвижимость часто испытывает рост стоимости со временем.

B1 adjective /ədˈvænst/

advanced

продвинутый

Meaning

highly developed or complex

Example

He is studying an advanced level of mathematics.

Он изучает продвинутый уровень математики.

C2 verb /əbˈskɒnd/

abscond

покидать скрытно

Meaning

to leave secretly and quickly, often to avoid arrest or punishment

Example

The thief tried to abscond with the stolen jewelry.

Вор пытался сбежать с украденными ювелирными изделиями.

C2 noun /ˈæmɪti/

amity

дружба

Meaning

A friendly relationship between people or countries.

Example

The treaty helped maintain amity between the neighboring nations.

Договор помог поддержать дружбу между соседними странами.

Meaning

places on opposite sides of the Earth; also refers to things that are direct opposites

Example

Australia and Britain are often considered antipodes of each other.

A2 noun /ˈæk.tər/

Actor

актёр

Meaning

a person whose profession is acting on the stage, in movies, or on television

Example

The famous actor won an award for his performance in the new movie.

Знаменитый актёр выиграл награду за свою работу в новом фильме.

B1 noun ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

alternative

альтернатива

Meaning

(Of one or more things) available as another possibility or choice.

Example

Finding an alternative to plastic is essential.

Найти альтернативу пластику крайне важно.

A2 verb /əˈplaɪ/

apply

подать заявление / применять

Meaning

to make a formal request for something; to put into practice

Example

He decided to apply for the scholarship.

Он решил подать заявку на стипендию.

A2 adjective /ˈɔːfəl/

awful

ужасный

Meaning

very bad or unpleasant

Example

The weather was awful during our trip.

Погода была ужасной во время нашего путешествия.

C1 adjective /ˈærəbəl/

arable

пахотный

Meaning

suitable for growing crops or farming

Example

The farmer purchased arable land to expand his crops.

Фермер купил пахотную землю, чтобы расширить свои посевы.

B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

сельское хозяйство

Meaning

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Example

Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.

Устойчивое сельское хозяйство может помочь защитить окружающую среду.

C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

связанный с пищеварением

Meaning

relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion

Example

The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.

Врач объяснил роль пищеварительного канала в пищеварении.

B2 noun /əˈlaʊəns/

Allowance

пособие

Meaning

a sum of money paid regularly to a person; permission to do something

Example

Children receive a weekly allowance for helping with chores.

Дети получают еженедельное пособие за помощь по дому.

C2 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈdiːkən/

archdeacon

архидиакон

Meaning

A senior clergyman in the Christian Church ranking below a bishop.

Example

The archdeacon assisted the bishop in administrative duties.

Архидиакон помог епископу в административных обязанностях.

B2 noun ədˈvɜː.sɪ.ti

adversity

несчастье

Meaning

Difficulties; misfortune; a difficult or unpleasant situation.

Example

He remained strong in the face of adversity.

Он остался сильным перед лицом несчастья.

C2 verb /ˈæmbl/

amble

идти медленно

Meaning

To walk at a slow, relaxed pace.

Example

They amble through the park on Sunday mornings.

Они медленно идут по парку в воскресное утро.

C1 noun /əˈtoʊnmənt/

atonement

искупление

Meaning

the act of making amends for a wrong, sin, or injury

Example

The festival was celebrated as a day of atonement.

Фестиваль был отмечен как день искупления.

B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

предок

Meaning

A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.

Example

The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.

Семейное древо показывает имена всех предков.

A2 verb əˈdres

address

обращаться

Meaning

To deal with or tackle (a problem or issue); to focus attention on.

Example

The government must address the issues of student politics.

Правительство должно заняться проблемами студенческой политики.

C1 noun/verb /ˈætrəfi/

atrophy

атрофия

Meaning

a decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or ability due to lack of use

Example

Without regular exercise, muscles may atrophy over time.

Без регулярных упражнений мышцы могут атрофироваться со временем.