C2 adjective /ˈwɪloʊi/

willowy

しなやかで細く、しなやかな柳のような

Meaning

Gracefully tall, slender, and flexible, like a willow tree.

Example

She moved with a willowy elegance across the stage.

彼女はステージをウィロウィなエレガンスで移動した。

C2 noun /ˈkætɪtʃuː/

Catechu

カテチュー

Meaning

an extract from a tropical Asian plant, used in tanning and dyeing

Example

Catechu extract is commonly used in traditional medicine.

カテチュー抽出物は伝統医学で一般的に使用されます。

C2 noun /ˈsɜːfdəm/

serfdom

農奴制

Meaning

The status or condition of being a serf, bound to work for a lord.

Example

Many peasants in medieval Europe lived under serfdom.

中世ヨーロッパの多くの農民は農奴制の下で生活していた。

C2 adjective /sɪər/

sere

枯れた

Meaning

Dry or withered, especially vegetation.

Example

The sere leaves crumbled under his feet.

枯れた葉が彼の足元で崩れた。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

癇癪持ち

Meaning

Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.

Example

The child became petulant when denied more candy.

子供はキャンディーをもっともらえないと癇癪を起こした。

C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

処刑人

Meaning

A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.

Example

The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.

処刑人は死刑囚のために絞首台を準備した。

C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

詐欺する

Meaning

to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit

Example

The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.

コンアーティストは、老人の貯金を騙し取ろうとした。

A1 adjective /dʒʌst/

Just

公正な; 正義の; 適切な

Meaning

fair; righteous; morally right; appropriate

Example

The judge made a just decision in the case.

裁判官は事件に公正な判断を下しました。

B2 noun /nʌn/

Nun

修道女

Meaning

a woman who has taken vows in a religious order and lives in a convent

Example

The nun taught at the local Catholic school.

その修道女は地元のカトリック学校で教えていました。

C1 noun /ˈtreɪ.ki.ə/

Trachea

気管

Meaning

the tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs; windpipe

Example

The trachea is protected by cartilage rings that keep it open.

気管は軟骨環によって保護され、開いた状態を保ちます。

C2 adjective /dɪsˈpɛptɪk/

dyspeptic

消化不良, イライラした

Meaning

Relating to indigestion or having a gloomy or irritable disposition.

Example

After the heavy meal, he felt dyspeptic and uncomfortable.

重い食事の後、彼は消化不良で不快に感じました。

B2 adverb /ˈbəʊld.li/

Boldly

大胆に; 恐れずに

Meaning

in a confident and brave way; without fear

Example

She boldly stepped forward to face the challenge.

彼女は挑戦に立ち向かうために大胆に前進した。

B1 adverb /ˈsædli/

sadly

悲しそうに

Meaning

in a sorrowful or unhappy manner

Example

She sadly waved goodbye as the train departed.

彼女は電車が出発するとき、悲しそうに手を振った。

B1 adjective /ˈdiː.teɪld/

detailed

詳細

Meaning

Having many details; very thorough.

Example

The report provided a detailed analysis of the situation.

報告書は状況の詳細な分析を提供しました。

C1 noun dɪˌzɝː.t̬ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

desertification

砂漠化

Meaning

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

Example

Deforestation accelerates desertification.

森林伐採は砂漠化を加速させます。

C2 noun /ˈsweɪʒən/

suasion

説得

Meaning

the act of persuading or influencing someone

Example

The leader used gentle suasion to win support for the plan.

リーダーは計画への支援を得るために穏やかな説得を使用しました。

C1 noun /mælˈpræktɪs/

Malpractice

職業上の不正行為

Meaning

Improper, illegal, or negligent professional behavior

Example

The surgeon was sued for malpractice after the failed operation.

外科医は手術に失敗した後、マルプラクティスで訴えられました。

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəlri/

Rivalry

ライバル関係; 競争

Meaning

competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field; the state of being rivals

Example

The rivalry between the two teams made the match exciting.

二つのチーム間のライバル関係が試合を興奮させた。

C1 verb /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/

alienate

疎外する

Meaning

To make someone feel isolated or estranged; to cause someone to become unfriendly.

Example

His rude behavior alienated many of his friends.

彼の失礼な行動は多くの友人を遠ざけた。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

北極星

Meaning

a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation

Example

Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.

船乗りはポールスターを使って海を渡った。

C2 noun /ˌpliːnɪpəˈtɛnʃəri/

plenipotentiary

全権大使

Meaning

a person invested with full power to act on behalf of another, especially in diplomacy

Example

The ambassador was a plenipotentiary sent to negotiate the treaty.

大使は条約交渉のために派遣されたプレニポテンシャリーでした。

C2 noun /ˈlɪtɪɡənt/

litigant

訴訟当事者

Meaning

a person involved in a lawsuit

Example

The court summoned both litigants for the hearing.

裁判所は両方の訴訟当事者を公聴会に召喚した。

C1 adjective /ˈtɒrɪd/

torrid

非常に暑く乾燥している; 強い感情や情熱に満ちている

Meaning

Very hot and dry; full of strong emotions or passion.

Example

The desert heat was torrid during the day.

砂漠の熱は昼間非常に暑かった。

C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/

imprecise

不正確

Meaning

Not exact or accurate; vague.

Example

His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.

彼の説明はあまりにも不正確で役に立たなかった。

C2 noun /ˈbɔːbəl/

bauble

小さな装飾品

Meaning

A small, decorative trinket or ornament, often of little value.

Example

She wore a shiny bauble around her neck.

彼女は首に輝く小さな装飾品をつけていた。

C2 adjective /ˌɛfləˈrɛsənt/

efflorescent

開花する

Meaning

in the process of blooming or flourishing

Example

The efflorescent trees made the park look beautiful.

開花する木々は公園を美しく見せました。

B2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃən/

execution

実行、遂行

Meaning

the act of carrying out a plan, order, or legal sentence

Example

The success of a project depends on its proper execution.

プロジェクトの成功はその適切な実行に依存します。

B2 verb /dɪˈtætʃ/

detach

分離する

Meaning

to separate or remove something from something else

Example

She detached the page from the notebook.

彼女はノートからページを切り離しました。

C2 verb /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/

amalgamate

合併する

Meaning

to combine or unite to form one organization or structure; to merge

Example

The two companies decided to amalgamate their operations.

二つの会社は運営を合併することを決定しました。

B2 adjective; verb (past participle) /ˈɒkjʊpaɪd/

occupied

使用中の；占領された

Meaning

being in use or taken; filled or lived in; controlled or held by force

Example

The room is occupied, so please wait outside.

その部屋は使用中なので、外で待ってください。

C1 noun /dɜːrθ/

dearth

不足

Meaning

A scarcity or lack of something.

Example

There was a dearth of food during the famine.

飢饉の間に食料が不足していた。

B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

任意

Meaning

not compulsory; left to choice

Example

Wearing a tie is optional for this event.

このイベントではネクタイの着用は任意です。

C1 noun ˌlɪb.ər.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

liberalization

自由化

Meaning

The removal or loosening of restrictions on something, typically an economic or political system.

Example

The liberalization of trade policies attracted foreign investments.

貿易政策の自由化が外国からの投資を引き寄せました。

B1 adverb /ˈdaʊnwədz/

Downwards

下向き

Meaning

towards a lower place or position; in a downward direction

Example

The ball rolled downwards along the slope.

ボールは坂を下向きに転がった。

A1 verb /kʌm/

come

来る

Meaning

to move toward a place; to arrive at a place

Example

Please come to my birthday party.

私の誕生日パーティーに来てください。

A1 noun /ˈlaɪ.brər.i/

Library

図書館

Meaning

a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer to

Example

She goes to the library every weekend to study.

彼女は毎週末、勉強のために図書館に行きます。

C1 noun /hoʊks/

Hoax

いたずら; だまし; ハッタリ

Meaning

a humorous or malicious deception; something intended to trick or deceive people

Example

The news about aliens landing turned out to be an elaborate hoax created by pranksters.

エイリアンの着陸に関するニュースは、いたずら好きな人たちによって作られた精巧なジョークだったことが判明した。

B2 noun /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

component

コンポーネント

Meaning

a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system

Example

The engine is the most important component of the car.

エンジンは車の最も重要なコンポーネントです。

C2 verb /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

gainsay

反論する

Meaning

To deny, contradict, or speak against.

Example

No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.

裁判所で提出された証拠を誰も反論できなかった。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

公正; 中立的

Meaning

treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral

Example

A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.

優れた裁判官は裁判中に公正を保たなければなりません。

A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

アイテム

Meaning

A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.

Example

Each item on the list must be checked carefully.

リストの各アイテムは慎重にチェックする必要があります。

C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

幻滅

Meaning

A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.

Example

Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.

多くの人々が非現実的な期待の後に幻滅を経験します。

B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

櫛

Meaning

a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair

Example

She used a comb to style her hair before the party.

彼女はパーティーの前に髪を整えるために櫛を使いました。

C2 adjective /ˈdoʊlfəl/

Doleful

悲しげな; 哀れな;

Meaning

sorrowful; mournful; expressing grief or sadness

Example

She gave him a doleful look when he left.

彼が去ったとき、彼女は悲しげな表情を彼に向けた。

C2 noun /ˈrɛv.ər.i/

reverie

白昼の夢; 夢想

Meaning

A state of being pleasantly lost in one's thoughts; a daydream.

Example

Lost in reverie, he didn't hear his name being called.

夢想にふけっているため、彼は名前が呼ばれるのを聞かなかった。

C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

係留する / 荒れ地

Meaning

As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.

Example

The sailors moored the ship at the dock.

水夫たちは船をドックに停泊させました。

C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

台座 / pedestal

Meaning

the base or support on which a statue or object stands

Example

The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.

彫像は大理石の台座に置かれました。

B1 noun /tʃiːk/

Cheek

頬; 横柄;

Meaning

either side of the face below the eye; impudent or disrespectful behavior

Example

The baby's rosy cheeks showed she was healthy and happy.

赤ちゃんのピンク色のほおが、健康で幸せであることを示していました。

C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

誠実

Meaning

The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.

Example

The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.

その裁判官は、誠実さと正直さで賞賛されました。

B1 noun /əˈsaɪnmənt/

assignment

課題

Meaning

a task or piece of work given to someone as part of their duties

Example

The students completed their homework assignment on time.

学生たちは時間通りに宿題を終わらせました。

B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

サーモン

Meaning

A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.

Example

They served grilled salmon for dinner.

彼らは夕食にグリルしたサーモンを出しました。

C2 verb /əˈreɪn/

arraign

起訴する

Meaning

to formally accuse someone in a court of law and ask them to respond to the charges

Example

The suspect was arraigned before the judge this morning.

容疑者は今朝、裁判官の前で起訴されました。

B1 noun /θʌm/

Thumb

親指

Meaning

the short thick finger of the human hand

Example

She gave me a thumbs up to show her approval.

彼女は私に賛成の気持ちを示すために親指を上げた。

A1 preposition /frəm/ or /frʌm/

from

から

Meaning

Used to indicate the starting point of a journey, action, or source.

Example

She came from Dhaka to visit her family.

彼女はダッカから家族を訪ねて来ました。

C2 adjective /hərˈmɛtɪk/

hermetic

密閉

Meaning

Completely sealed, especially so that no air can enter or escape.

Example

The medicine was kept in a hermetic container.

薬は密閉された容器に保管されていました。

C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

協力的

Meaning

willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions

Example

She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.

彼女は長時間働くという考えに賛成だった。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

妨げる

Meaning

To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.

Example

Lack of funds can impede business growth.

資金不足はビジネスの成長を妨げる可能性があります。

B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

峡谷

Meaning

A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.

Example

The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.

コロラド川は何百万年もかけてグランドキャニオンを作り上げました。

B2 adjective /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/

soviet

ソビエト

Meaning

relating to the Soviet Union or its government

Example

The Soviet era saw significant changes in Eastern Europe.

ソビエト時代には東ヨーロッパで重要な変化がありました。

C2 noun /ˈdɒɡ roʊz/

Dog-rose

ドッグローズ

Meaning

A wild rose species with pink or white flowers and thorny stems, common in hedgerows

Example

The dog-rose bush grew wild along the countryside path.

ドッグローズの低木は、田舎の道沿いに野生で育ちました。

C2 verb /ɪmˈbɪtər/

embitter

憤慨させる

Meaning

To make someone resentful or angry; to cause bitterness.

Example

The unfair treatment embittered the employees.

不公平な扱いが従業員を憤慨させた。

B1 noun /foʊk/

folk

人々

Meaning

people in general, often referring to a group or community

Example

Country folk often live a simple life.

田舎の人々はよくシンプルな生活をしています。

B1 noun /ɡɪlt/

Guilt

罪悪感

Meaning

a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in an obligation; responsibility for wrongdoing

Example

She felt overwhelming guilt after forgetting her mother's birthday.

母親の誕生日を忘れた後、彼女は圧倒的な罪悪感を感じました。

B1 noun /ˈdʒaɪ.ənt/

Giant

ジャイアント; 人間の形をした神話上または想像上の存在で、超人的なサイズを持つ

Meaning

an imaginary or mythical being of human form but superhuman size; something of great size or force

Example

The technology giant announced record profits for the third consecutive quarter.

テクノロジー業界のジャイアントは、3四半期連続の記録的な利益を発表しました。

C1 adjective /ˈɔːrdɪnəl/

ordinal

順序数

Meaning

Relating to the order or position of something in a sequence (first, second, third, etc.).

Example

The ordinal number 'third' indicates position in a sequence.

'第三'の順序数は、順番での位置を示します。

C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/

tenor

テノール / 一般的なトーン

Meaning

the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto

Example

The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.

彼のスピーチの全体的なトーンは希望に満ち、安心感を与えるものでした。

B1 adjective /prɪˈsaɪs/

precise

正確な

Meaning

Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail.

Example

She gave precise instructions for the experiment.

彼女は実験のために正確な指示を与えた。

C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

地理学

Meaning

the study of the physical features of the earth's surface

Example

He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.

彼は地域の風景を理解するためにフィジオグラフィーを専門にしていました。

A1 verb (first person singular of 'be') /æm/

am

私は

Meaning

the first person singular present tense of 'be'

Example

I am happy today.

今日は私は幸せです。

C2 verb /ɪnˈɡrɑːft/

ingraft

根付ける

Meaning

To implant or fix deeply, often used in the sense of grafting an idea or quality.

Example

The teacher tried to ingraft good manners in the students.

先生は生徒たちに良いマナーを根付かせようとした。

C2 noun /ˈlev.ɪ.ti/

Levity

軽薄さ; フリヴォリティ; 尊重の欠如

Meaning

humor or frivolity, especially the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a manner lacking due respect

Example

The levity in the courtroom was inappropriate.

法廷での軽薄さは不適切でした。

C1 adjective ˈflʌd proʊn

flood-prone

洪水に見舞われやすい

Meaning

Susceptible to flooding; likely to experience floods frequently.

Example

Bangladesh is a flood-prone deltaic nation.

バングラデシュは洪水が発生しやすいデルタ国家です。

C2 noun /ˈpɜr.fɪ.di/

Perfidy

裏切り

Meaning

deliberate breach of faith or trust; treachery; betrayal of trust

Example

His perfidy shocked all who had trusted him.

彼の裏切りは、彼を信じていたすべての人々を驚かせた。

B2 verb ˈfaɪ.nəl.aɪz

finalize

最終決定する

Meaning

To complete arrangements for something; put into final form.

Example

The treaty was finalized after the discussions.

協定は討論後に最終決定されました。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

甘やかされた

Meaning

pampered, treated with excessive care and attention

Example

The cosseted child always got what he wanted.

甘やかされた子供は、いつも欲しいものを手に入れていた。

A2 noun ˈmɒd.əl

model

モデル

Meaning

A framework, prototype, or simulation used to represent or understand a system or process.

Example

Scientists use a model to simulate climate change.

科学者たちは気候変動をシミュレートするためにモデルを使用します。

C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

変形; 身体的欠陥

Meaning

a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation

Example

The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.

事故は彼の左手に永続的な変形を引き起こしました。

C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

彫刻刀

Meaning

a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal

Example

The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.

大工は木を彫るために彫刻刀を使いました。

C2 adjective /fluːˈɛnʃəl/

fluential

影響力のある

Meaning

Having the power to influence or flowing freely (rare/archaic usage).

Example

The fluential speaker captivated the entire audience.

影響力のある話者は、観客全体を魅了しました。

B1 noun ˈtʊə.rɪ.zəm

tourism

観光

Meaning

The commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest.

Example

Tourism drives economic growth in many countries.

観光業は多くの国で経済成長を促進します。

B2 adverb /ˈbɪt.ə.li/

Bitterly

ひどく; 激しく

Meaning

in an angry, hurt, or resentful way; extremely; severely

Example

She complained bitterly about the unfair treatment.

彼女は不公平な扱いについてひどく不満を言った。

C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

一神教

Meaning

The belief in the existence of only one God.

Example

Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.

イスラム教とキリスト教は一神教に基づいている。

B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

従来型農業

Meaning

Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.

Example

Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.

従来型農業は肥料を使って作物の生産を増加させる。

C1 noun /naɪˈiːvɪti/

naivety

無邪気

Meaning

The quality of being innocent, simple, and lacking experience or sophistication.

Example

Her naivety made her trust people too easily.

彼女の無邪気は、彼女が人々をあまりにも簡単に信頼させました。

A2 noun ˈfriː.dəm

freedom

自由

Meaning

The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.

Example

Freedom empowers self-expression.

自由は自己表現を促進します。

C2 adjective /ˈɛrənt/

errant

逸脱した

Meaning

behaving wrongly or straying from the proper course or standards

Example

The teacher disciplined the errant student.

教師は逸脱した生徒を罰しました。

B2 noun /ˈbroʊ.kər/

Broker

仲介業者

Meaning

a person who buys and sells goods or assets for others; an intermediary

Example

The stock broker helped me invest my money wisely.

株式ブローカーは私のお金を賢明に投資する手助けをしました。

C2 noun /ˈɛndaɪv/ or /ˈɑːndɪv/

endive

エンダイブ

Meaning

A leafy vegetable belonging to the chicory family, often used in salads.

Example

She added fresh endive to the salad for a slightly bitter flavor.

彼女はサラダに少し苦味のある新鮮なエンダイブを加えました。

C1 noun /ˈɔːnɪŋ/

awning

オーニング

Meaning

a sheet of canvas or material stretched on a frame to shelter a place from the sun or rain

Example

We sat under the awning to avoid the heavy rain.

私たちは大雨を避けるためにオーニングの下に座っていました。

C1 noun dɛkˈstɛr.ɪ.ti

dexterity

器用さ

Meaning

Skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands; mental skill or adroitness.

Example

His dexterity in playing the piano amazed the audience.

ピアノを弾く彼の器用さに観客は驚いた。

B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

蒸気

Meaning

a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state

Example

Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.

雨の後、熱い舗道から水蒸気が立ち上ってきた。

B2 noun ˈme.trɪks

metrics

メトリクス

Meaning

A system or standard of measurement; a set of numbers that give information about a particular process or activity.

Example

Metrics are crucial for evaluating performance.

メトリクスはパフォーマンスを評価するために重要です。

C2 adverb /ˈdɑːrklɪŋ/

darkling

暗闇の中で

Meaning

In the dark or growing dark; dimly.

Example

The forest creatures moved darkling through the night.

森の生き物は夜に暗闇の中で動いていた。

A1 adverb /æz/

As

ように; だから; その時に

Meaning

in the way that; while; because; during the time that

Example

As you grow older, you become wiser.

年を取ると、より賢くなります。

C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

強烈な暑さで苦しむ

Meaning

to suffer from intense heat

Example

We began to swelter in the midday sun.

私たちは真昼の太陽の下で汗だくになり始めました。

A2 adjective /ˈmeɪdʒər/

major

重要な

Meaning

important, serious, or significant

Example

Climate change is a major concern for the world.

気候変動は世界にとって重大な懸念事項です。

C2 verb /priːˈfɪɡjər/

prefigure

前兆を示す

Meaning

to represent, show, or foreshadow something in advance

Example

The economic reforms prefigure major social changes.

経済改革は大きな社会変革を予兆しています。

B2 verb /soʊ/

sow

まく

Meaning

to plant seeds in the ground; to scatter seeds for growing

Example

The farmer will sow wheat seeds in the field tomorrow.

農家は明日、畑に小麦の種をまきます。

C2 noun /ɪˈfɛmɪnəsi/

effeminacy

女性的特質

Meaning

The quality of showing traits traditionally associated with women, such as delicacy or softness.

Example

In ancient times, effeminacy was often criticized as a sign of weakness.

古代では、女性的特質はしばしば弱さのサインとして批判されていました。

セット

Meaning

the environment or place where something happens

Example

The setting of the movie was a beautiful beach.

映画の舞台は美しいビーチでした。