B1 noun /ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

Vehicles

乗り物

Meaning

machines used for transporting people or goods from one place to another

Example

There are many different types of vehicles on the road today.

今日、道路にはさまざまな種類の乗り物があります。

C2 adjective /ˈvoʊtɪv/

votive

奉納

Meaning

Offered or dedicated in fulfillment of a vow.

Example

She lit a votive candle in the church as a prayer.

彼女は教会で祈りとして奉納のキャンドルを灯しました。

C2 adjective /vəˈreɪʃəs/

veracious

誠実な

Meaning

Truthful, honest; habitually speaking the truth.

Example

She gave a veracious account of what happened that day.

彼女はその日の出来事について誠実な説明をしました。

C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

緑青

Meaning

A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.

Example

The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.

古い像は長年の雨にさらされた後、緑青で覆われていた。

B2 noun ˈven.tʃərz

ventures

事業

Meaning

Business enterprises or undertakings, especially risky ones.

Example

Luxury ventures in space attract wealthy clients.

宇宙での豪華なベンチャーは裕福な顧客を引きつける。

B1 preposition /ˈvɜːsəs/

versus

対

Meaning

against (in a competition or conflict)

Example

The team is playing versus their biggest rivals.

チームは最大のライバルと対戦しています。

C2 adjective /vəˈlʌptʃuəs/

voluptuous

贅沢な

Meaning

Relating to or characterized by luxury and sensual pleasure; sexually attractive.

Example

The artist painted a voluptuous figure reclining on the couch.

アーティストはソファに横たわる贅沢な姿を描きました。

A2 verb /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

visiting

訪問する

Meaning

Going to see and spend time with someone or at a place.

Example

The group is visiting islands during the expedition.

グループは探検中に島を訪問しています。

B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

つる植物

Meaning

a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes

Example

The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.

そのつる植物は壁を登り、緑の葉で覆った。

A2 noun /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Vacation

休暇

Meaning

a period of time when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax

Example

I'm planning a vacation to the beach next summer.

来年の夏にビーチで休暇を計画しています。

C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

信者

Meaning

A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.

Example

He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.

彼はクラシック音楽の信者で、毎回コンサートに参加します。

C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

弁明する

Meaning

To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.

Example

The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.

新しい証拠は、不当に告発された男性を弁明するのに役立ちました。

C2 verb /ˈvaʊtʃ.seɪf/

vouchsafe

授ける

Meaning

to grant or give something in a gracious or condescending manner

Example

He vouchsafed them a rare smile.

彼は彼らに珍しい笑顔を授けた。

B2 verb/noun /vɛnt/

vent

通気 / 空気やガスが通る開口部

Meaning

to release air, gas, or strong emotions; an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass

Example

She vented her frustration after the long meeting.

長い会議の後、彼女はフラストレーションを発散させました。

C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

販売可能な

Meaning

Capable of being sold; marketable.

Example

Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.

販売可能な商品だけが展示会に出展されました。

C1 noun /ˈvɪstə/

vista

景色

Meaning

A pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening.

Example

From the mountain top, we admired the breathtaking vista of the valley below.

山の頂上から、私たちは谷底の息を呑むような景色を堪能しました。

C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

成長や生命の基本的なプロセスに関連する、しばしば意識的な思考や活動なしで

Meaning

relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity

Example

The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.

事故の後、患者は植物状態にとどまっていました。

C1 adjective ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.lənt

vigilant

警戒

Meaning

Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties; alert and watchful.

Example

The guards remained vigilant throughout the night.

警備員は一晩中警戒を保ち続けました。

B1 noun /ˈvæk.juːm/

vacuum

真空

Meaning

A space entirely devoid of matter; an absence of atmosphere or content.

Example

The scientist created a vacuum chamber for the experiment.

科学者は実験のために真空室を作りました。

A2 verb /voʊt/

vote

投票する

Meaning

to make a choice in an election; to express preference

Example

Citizens vote to choose their representatives.

市民は代表者を選ぶために投票します。

C1 noun /ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.ləns/

vigilance

警戒

Meaning

The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.

Example

Constant vigilance is required in cybersecurity.

サイバーセキュリティでは、継続的な警戒が必要です。

C2 adjective /ˈvɪnsəbl/

vincible

打ち負かされる可能性がある

Meaning

capable of being overcome or defeated

Example

The enemy seemed vincible after losing their main base.

敵は主要基地を失った後、打ち負かされる可能性があった。

B1 noun /ˈvaɪ.ə.ləns/

Violence

暴力; 残忍さ; 極端な強度

Meaning

behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; extreme force or intensity

Example

The government condemned all forms of violence against civilians.

政府は市民に対するあらゆる暴力の形態を非難しました。

B1 noun /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

Victim

犠牲者

Meaning

a person who suffers harm, injury, or death as a result of an event or action

Example

The victim was taken to the hospital immediately.

犠牲者はすぐに病院に運ばれました。

A2 noun /vɔɪs/

voice

声

Meaning

the sound produced by the vocal cords; the ability to speak or express oneself

Example

She has a beautiful voice that captivates the audience.

彼女には観客を魅了する美しい声があります。

B2 noun /ˈveɪ.kən.si/

Vacancy

空席; 空きポジションまたは部屋

Meaning

an unoccupied position or job; an empty space or room

Example

There is a vacancy for a software engineer in our company.

私たちの会社にはソフトウェアエンジニアの空席があります。

C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

退去する

Meaning

to leave a place; to make empty by leaving

Example

The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.

入居者は月末までにアパートを退去しなければならない。

C2 noun /ˈvɛləm/

vellum

パーチメント

Meaning

a fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf, used for writing or printing

Example

The ancient manuscript was written on vellum.

古代の写本はパーチメントに書かれていました。

C1 noun ˈvɜːmɪn

vermin

制御が難しく、病気を広める小さな害を与える動物や昆虫

Meaning

Small harmful animals or insects that are difficult to control and carry disease.

Example

The house was infested with vermin, requiring immediate action.

その家は害虫で侵され、即時の対応が必要でした。

B2 adjective /ˈvaɪəbəl/

viable

実行可能, 実現可能

Meaning

Capable of working successfully; feasible.

Example

A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.

長期的な成功には実行可能な解決策が必要です。

B2 noun /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

viewpoint

視点

Meaning

a particular attitude or way of considering a matter

Example

From his viewpoint, the situation was hopeless.

彼の視点から見ると、その状況は絶望的でした。

B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/

vulnerable

脆弱

Meaning

susceptible to physical or emotional harm

Example

Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis.

子供たちは危機の際に最も脆弱な存在です。

C2 adjective /ˈvoʊlənt/

volant

飛べる

Meaning

able to fly or moving swiftly

Example

The volant bird soared gracefully across the sky.

その飛べる鳥は空を優雅に飛んでいました。

C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

速度

Meaning

Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.

Example

High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.

高速鉄道は移動時間を大幅に短縮します。

C2 noun /vɪm/

vim

活力

Meaning

energy and enthusiasm

Example

She performed the dance with great vim and vigor.

彼女は大きな活力と熱意でダンスを披露しました。

C1 noun /vɪnˈjɛt/

vignette

短編小説

Meaning

A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.

Example

The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book.

著者は本の序文に感動的な短編小説を含めた。

C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

ファッション

Meaning

the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time

Example

Minimalist design is currently in vogue.

ミニマリストデザインは現在ファッションです。

B2 adjective /ˈvɛriənt/

Variant

変種；異なるバージョン

Meaning

differing in form, details, or in some other respect; alternative

Example

There are several variant spellings of this word.

この単語にはいくつかの異なる綴りがあります。

B2 adjective /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

Vibrant

活気のある; 鮮やかな; 生き生きとした

Meaning

full of energy and life; bright and striking

Example

The vibrant colors of the sunset painted the sky beautifully.

夕焼けの鮮やかな色が美しく空を染めた。

B2 adjective /ˈvaɪtl/

vital

不可欠

Meaning

essential or necessary for life or success

Example

It's vital to stay hydrated during the summer.

夏の間に水分補給をすることは不可欠です。

C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɛks/

vertex

頂点

Meaning

The highest point; the top or the apex.

Example

The climber reached the vertex of the mountain.

登山者は山の頂点に達しました。

C1 noun /vəˈnɪər/

veneer

幸福

Meaning

A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.

Example

The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 noun /vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/

Volcano

幸せ

Meaning

a mountain with an opening through which lava, gas, and ash can escape

Example

The volcano erupted after being dormant for decades.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 noun /ˈviːɪkəl/

Vehicle

車両; 自動車; 手段

Meaning

a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land; a means of expressing or displaying something

Example

The electric vehicle is becoming more popular these days.

電気自動車は最近ますます人気が高くなっています。

C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

浮浪者; 放浪者

Meaning

a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place

Example

The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.

年老いた浮浪者は食べ物を探して街を歩いていた。

A2 noun /vjuː/

View

景色; 視点; 意見

Meaning

the ability to see something; a particular way of considering or regarding something; an opinion

Example

The mountain view from our hotel room was breathtaking.

ホテルの部屋からの山の景色は息を呑むような美しさでした。

B2 noun ˌvɒlənˈtɪər ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

volunteer organization

ボランティア団体

Meaning

A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.

Example

BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling.

BD Cleanはリサイクルを推進するボランティア団体です。

B2 verb /ˈvælɪdeɪt/

validate

検証する

Meaning

To check or prove the accuracy, truth, or legality of something.

Example

The scientist worked hard to validate the experiment's results.

科学者は実験結果を検証するために一生懸命働きました。

B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/

Vaccine

ワクチン

Meaning

a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease

Example

The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.

COVID-19ワクチンは重篤な病気を減少させるのに役立っています。

C1 noun /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər/

violator

違反者

Meaning

A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.

Example

The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection.

警察は交差点で交通違反者を捕まえました。

B2 noun /ˈvendə(r)/

Vendor

ベンダー

Meaning

a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street

Example

The street vendor sold fresh fruits and vegetables.

街角のベンダーは新鮮な果物と野菜を売っていた。

A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

野菜

Meaning

plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots

Example

We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.

健康的な食事を維持するためにもっと野菜を食べるべきです。

B2 noun/adjective /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/

vintage

ヴィンテージ / クラシック

Meaning

Relating to high quality from the past; classic; also the year of a wine harvest.

Example

She wore a vintage dress from the 1950s.

彼女は1950年代のヴィンテージドレスを着ていました。

C2 adjective /vaɪˈkɛəriəs/

vicarious

幸福

Meaning

experienced through the feelings or actions of another person

Example

She felt vicarious excitement watching her son win the award.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸福を隠すことができなかった。

A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

村

Meaning

a small community or group of houses in a rural area

Example

They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.

彼らは山に囲まれた小さな村に住んでいます。

C2 verb /ˈvɪtrɪfaɪ/

vitrify

ガラスに変える

Meaning

to turn into glass or a glass-like substance by heat

Example

Sand can vitrify under intense heat.

砂は強い熱でガラスに変わることがあります。

B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

確認

Meaning

The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.

Example

The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.

銀行は口座を開設する前に身分確認を求めます。

C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrnəl/

vernal

春の

Meaning

related to spring; fresh, youthful

Example

The garden was filled with vernal beauty after the long winter.

長い冬の後、庭は春の美しさで満たされていました。

B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

酢

Meaning

a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving

Example

I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.

私はサラダドレッシングにビネガーを加えて、味を増しました。

C2 adjective /vərˈmɪkjələr/

vermicular

ミミズのような

Meaning

having a shape or appearance like a worm; worm-like

Example

The artist used a vermicular design to decorate the border of the manuscript.

アーティストは手稿の縁をミミズのようなデザインで飾った。

C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

復讐

Meaning

punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge

Example

He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.

彼は自分を傷つけた者に復讐すると誓った。

C2 adjective /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪtɪd/

variegated

まだらの

Meaning

Having different colors, especially in irregular patches or streaks.

Example

The garden was full of variegated plants.

庭はまだらの植物でいっぱいでした。

C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

被害者にする

Meaning

To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.

Example

The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.

腐敗した役人たちは貧しい村人を犠牲にした。

C2 noun /ˈvɪrjʊləns/

virulence

病原性

Meaning

The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.

Example

Scientists studied the virulence of the new virus strain.

科学者たちは新しいウイルス株の病原性を研究しました。

B2 noun /vɜːrs/

verse

詩句

Meaning

A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.

Example

She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.

彼女は結婚式のために美しい詩句を書きました。

B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

仮想現実

Meaning

Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.

Example

Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.

仮想現実（VR）はゲームやトレーニングシミュレーションで広く使用されています。

C1 noun ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

versatility

多才

Meaning

Ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many different skills.

Example

His versatility made him successful in multiple fields.

彼の多才さは、複数の分野で彼を成功させました。

B2 adjective /ˈvɛriəbl/

Variable

変動可能な

Meaning

able to change; not consistent or having a fixed pattern

Example

The weather has been very variable this week.

今週の天気は非常に変わりやすかったです。

C2 noun /ˈvɜːrbiɪdʒ/

verbiage

冗長な言葉

Meaning

Excessive use of words, often with little content or meaning; wordiness.

Example

The contract was filled with unnecessary legal verbiage.

契約は不要な法的冗長な言葉で満たされていた。

C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

名人

Meaning

A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.

Example

The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.

そのピアニストは真の名人であり、世界中の観客を魅了しています。

B2 adjective /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

Voluntary

自発的

Meaning

done willingly without being forced; given or done freely

Example

She made a voluntary donation to the charity.

彼女は慈善団体に自発的に寄付をしました。

C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

尊敬すべき; 立派な

Meaning

deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered

Example

The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.

その尊敬すべき教授は大学で50年間教えてきました。

C2 verb /ˈvɪlɪfaɪ/

vilify

幸せ

Meaning

to speak or write about someone in an abusive or disparaging manner

Example

The politician was vilified in the media for his controversial remarks.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

保証する

Meaning

to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something

Example

I can vouch for his honesty.

彼の誠実さを保証できます。

B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

美徳；道徳；有益な品質

Meaning

behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing

Example

Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.

誠実は多くの文化で最も高い美徳と見なされています。

C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

言語化

Meaning

The action of expressing something in words.

Example

The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.

彼の考えを言語化することは明確で直接的でした。

C1 adjective /ˈvæljənt/

Valiant

勇敢な; 英雄的な

Meaning

showing courage or determination; brave and heroic

Example

The valiant soldier fought bravely to protect his country.

その勇敢な兵士は国を守るために勇敢に戦いました。

B2 noun/verb ˈven.tʃər

venture

リスクのある事業、冒険、起業

Meaning

A risky or daring journey or undertaking; a business enterprise involving considerable risk.

Example

His new venture into e-commerce proved successful.

彼の新しい電子商取引のベンチャーは成功した。

B1 noun /ˈvəʊtə/

voter

有権者

Meaning

a person who votes in an election

Example

Voters lined up outside the polling station to cast their ballots.

有権者は投票所の外で列を作り、投票を行いました。

B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

ベルベット

Meaning

a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side

Example

The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.

ロイヤルカーテンは豊かな赤いベルベットで作られていました。

C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

極めて重要に

Meaning

in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality

Example

Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.

清潔な水へのアクセスは公衆衛生にとって極めて重要です。

C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

変動しやすい

Meaning

likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse

Example

The stock market is extremely volatile these days.

株式市場は最近非常に変動しやすいです。

C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

幸せ

Meaning

A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.

Example

She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

大声で叫ぶ

Meaning

the act of shouting or making a loud outcry

Example

The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.

抗議者の叫び声が通りを満たした。

C1 noun/verb /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

varnish

ニス

Meaning

A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.

Example

The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish.

大工はテーブルに光沢を与えるためにニスを塗った。

C2 adjective ˌvɪz.ju.oʊˈspeɪ.ʃəl

visuospatial

視覚を通じて空間と物体の関係を理解することに関連する

Meaning

Related to understanding the relationship between space and objects through vision.

Example

Good visuospatial skills are important for architecture and design.

優れたビジュアルスペーシャルスキルは建築とデザインにとって重要です。

C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

呼格

Meaning

relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone

Example

In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.

ラテン語では、ボカティブケースは名前で誰かを直接呼びかけるときに使用されます。

C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

真実の

Meaning

used to emphasize that something is genuine or true

Example

The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.

その家は私たちの家と比べて、まさに本物の宮殿でした。

C1 adjective /ˈvɪskəs/

viscous

粘性の

Meaning

Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.

Example

Honey is a viscous liquid that flows slowly.

蜂蜜は遅く流れる粘性の液体です。

C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

貪欲な

Meaning

Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.

Example

He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.

彼は知識に対して貪欲な食欲を持っている。

B2 noun /veɪn/

Vein

静脈; 血管

Meaning

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart; a streak or marking of a different color

Example

The nurse found a vein in his arm to draw blood.

看護師は彼の腕に血を取るための静脈を見つけました。

C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

活力

Meaning

Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.

Example

The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.

その俳優は素晴らしい活力で役を演じました。

C2 verb /ˈvɪʃieɪt/

vitiate

損なう

Meaning

to spoil, weaken, or make something less effective

Example

One careless remark can vitiate the entire argument.

一つの不注意なコメントが議論全体を損なう可能性がある。

B1 adjective /ˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Visible

視覚的な; 明らか; 目立つ

Meaning

able to be seen; noticeable; apparent

Example

The mountain peak was clearly visible from our hotel room.

山の頂はホテルの部屋からはっきりと見えました。

C2 adjective /ˈviː.ni.əl/

Venial

許しがたい; 深刻ではない; 小さな

Meaning

forgivable; not seriously wrong; minor

Example

His late arrival was considered a venial offense.

彼の遅れた到着は許しがたい違反と見なされました。

B2 adjective /veɪn/

Vain

虚栄心; 無駄

Meaning

having excessive pride in one's appearance; futile or unsuccessful

Example

She spent hours in front of the mirror being quite vain.

彼女は鏡の前で何時間も過ごし、かなり虚栄心が強かった。

C1 verb /veks/

vex

苛立たせる

Meaning

to annoy or frustrate someone; to cause trouble

Example

The constant noise from construction vexes the residents.

建設の絶え間ない音は住民を苛立たせる。

C2 adjective /ˈvɪrəl/

virile

男性的

Meaning

having traditionally masculine qualities, such as strength, energy, and sexual vigor

Example

The actor was admired for his virile appearance.

俳優はその男性的な外見で賞賛されました。

C2 adjective /vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/

vituperative

悪口な

Meaning

Characterized by abusive or harsh language.

Example

The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.

教師の悪口な言葉が学生たちを涙で満たしました。

C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

方言

Meaning

the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region

Example

He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.

彼は地元の方言でスピーチをしたので、誰でも理解できました。

C2 noun /vəˈrɑːɡoʊ/

virago

強引で支配的な女性

Meaning

a loud, overbearing woman; historically, a strong or courageous woman

Example

The play depicted the heroine as a fierce virago who defied tradition.

その劇は、伝統に挑戦する勇敢なヴィラゴとしてヒロインを描きました。

C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

意志的

Meaning

Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.

Example

The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.

その条約は両国間の意志的な合意のもとで署名されました。

C2 adjective /ˈvɔːntɪd/

vaunted

過度に称賛された

Meaning

praised or boasted about, especially excessively

Example

The vaunted technology failed to deliver the expected results.

過度に称賛された技術は期待された結果を提供できませんでした。

B1 preposition /ˈvaɪə/ or /ˈviːə/

via

経由で

Meaning

through, by way of, or using a particular route or means

Example

She sent the documents via email.

彼女はメールを通じて書類を送った。

C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

贈賄

Meaning

the quality of being open to bribery or corruption

Example

The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.

スキャンダルは、何人かの高官の贈賄を明らかにした。

B1 noun /ˈviːzə/

visa

ビザ

Meaning

an official authorization or permission to enter, leave, or stay in a country

Example

She applied for a visa to study abroad.

彼女は留学するためにビザを申請しました。

B1 noun /vəˈraɪəti/

Variety

多様性; 種類

Meaning

the quality of being different or diverse; a number of things of the same general class that are distinct in character or quality

Example

The restaurant offers a wide variety of international dishes.

レストランは多彩な国際料理を提供しています。

B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

バージョン; 形態; 物語

Meaning

a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event

Example

This is the latest version of the software.

これはソフトウェアの最新バージョンです。

C2 noun /ˈvaɪəl/

viol

古代の弦楽器の一種

Meaning

A stringed musical instrument of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, played with a bow and similar to but distinct from the violin family.

Example

The musician played an old viol in the chamber music concert.

ミュージシャンは室内楽のコンサートで古いヴィオールを演奏しました。

C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

尊敬

Meaning

Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.

Example

Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.

多くの文化が祖先に対して尊敬を示します。

B1 noun /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/

Vegetarian

菜食主義者

Meaning

a person who does not eat meat or fish; relating to vegetarians or vegetarianism

Example

She became a vegetarian for health and environmental reasons.

彼女は健康と環境の理由で菜食主義者になりました。

B2 adjective /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/

vigorous

活発な

Meaning

Characterized by high energy and vitality.

Example

Regular exercise keeps the body vigorous and healthy.

定期的な運動は体を活発に保ち、健康にします。

C1 adjective /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/

Vindictive

復讐心の強い

Meaning

having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge

Example

His vindictive behavior towards his former colleagues was unprofessional.

彼の復讐心に満ちた行動は、以前の同僚に対して不適切でした。

B2 adjective /ˈvɛərid/

Varied

多様な; 異なるタイプを含む

Meaning

showing differences; diverse; containing different types

Example

The museum has a varied collection of ancient artifacts.

その博物館には古代のアーティファクトの多様なコレクションがあります。

C1 noun /ˈvɪɡər/

vigor

活力

Meaning

Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.

Example

She tackled the project with great vigor and determination.

彼女は大きな活力と決意を持ってそのプロジェクトに取り組んだ。

C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

意志

Meaning

The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.

Example

She left the job of her own volition.

彼女は自分の意思で仕事を辞めました。

C1 verb /vaɪ/

vie

争う

Meaning

To compete eagerly with someone in order to do or achieve something.

Example

Several companies are vying for the contract.

いくつかの企業が契約を争っています。

B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

振動

Meaning

a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation

Example

The phone's vibration woke me up.

電話の振動で目が覚めた。

B2 adjective /ˈvɜːr.tʃu.əs/

Virtuous

徳のある; 正義の; 道徳的に優れた;

Meaning

having high moral standards; righteous; morally excellent

Example

She is known for her virtuous character and honest dealings.

彼女はその徳のある性格と正直な取引で知られています。

B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

有効; 法的または公式に受け入れられる

Meaning

legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact

Example

The passport is valid for ten years.

パスポートは10年間有効です。

B2 noun /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Vaccination

ワクチン接種

Meaning

the process of giving a vaccine to a person or animal to protect them against a disease

Example

Children receive vaccination against measles at an early age.

子供たちは幼い頃に麻疹の予防接種を受けます。