uncouth
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C1 adjective /ʌnˈkuːθ/

uncouth

無作法
Meaning
Lacking good manners, refinement, or grace; awkward or rough.
Example
His uncouth behavior shocked the guests at the party.
彼の無作法な行動はパーティーのゲストを驚かせました。
C1 noun /ˌmænɪˈfɛstoʊ/

manifesto

マニフェスト
Meaning
a public declaration of policy and aims, especially by a political party
Example
The party released its manifesto before the election.
党は選挙前にマニフェストを発表した。
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

平和主義者
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
彼女は武力紛争に反対する活動を行っている熱心な平和主義者です。
C1 verb /əbˈsɛs/

obsess

Meaning
To preoccupy or fill the mind of someone continually and to an excessive degree.
Example
She tends to obsess over small details.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɜːr.ʃən/

exertion

身体的または精神的な努力
Meaning
Using energy or effort to achieve something.
Example
Excessive exertion can lead to fatigue and burnout.
過度のエクサーションは疲労と燃え尽き症候群を引き起こす可能性があります。
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

取り消す
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
政府は彼のパスポートを取り消すことを決定した。
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

フランスの城
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
彼らはフランスの美しい城に泊まりました。
C1 adjective /ˈwoʊ.fəl/

woeful

悲惨な
Meaning
full of woe; very sad or miserable; also used to mean very bad or deplorable
Example
He gave me a woeful look when he lost the match.
彼は試合に負けたとき、悲惨な顔をして僕を見た。
C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

切る
Meaning
to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool
Example
She snipped the loose thread from her dress.
彼女はドレスの緩んだ糸を切りました。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsɪvəl/

Uncivil

無礼な; 不作法な;
Meaning
not polite or courteous; rude and discourteous in behavior
Example
His uncivil remarks during the meeting offended everyone present.
会議中の彼の無礼な発言は、出席者全員を不快にさせた。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

不器用
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
彼の不器用な状況の対処が状況を悪化させた。
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

小さすぎる
Meaning
Smaller than the usual or expected size.
Example
The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.
小さすぎる子犬は、兄弟姉妹と一緒に歩くのに苦労しました。
C1 preposition/adverb/conjunction /ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

notwithstanding

それにもかかわらず
Meaning
In spite of; despite
Example
Notwithstanding the challenges, the team completed the project.
挑戦にもかかわらず、チームはプロジェクトを完了させました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜː.mə.ti/

Infirmity

虚弱; 病気; 衰弱
Meaning
physical or mental weakness; a disease or ailment; frailty
Example
Despite his advanced age and various infirmities, he remained mentally sharp and alert.
高齢で多くの病気を抱えていても、彼は精神的に鋭く、警戒心を持ち続けました。
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

動揺
Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
その国は政治的変革の動揺した時期を経ました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

囲む
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
抗議者は人間の鎖で建物を囲んだ。
C1 adverb /ˈfɪksɪdli/

Fixedly

固定的に
Meaning
in a steady, unmoving manner; with intense concentration
Example
He stared fixedly at the painting.
彼は絵を固定的に見つめていた。
C1 verb /deɪz/

daze

Meaning
to stun or confuse someone temporarily with a shock or surprise
Example
The bright lights dazed the runners as they entered the stadium.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

教育学
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
現代の教育学は学生中心の学習に焦点を当てています。
C1 noun /ˈtæpəstri/

tapestry

Meaning
A piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs woven into it, often hung on walls.
Example
The museum displayed an ancient tapestry from the 15th century.
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

クルミネーション. 何かの最高潮、特に長い時間を経て達成されたもの。
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
プロジェクトは長年の努力の末、最高潮に達しました。
C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

方法的な
Meaning
Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.
Example
His methodical research produced reliable results.
彼の方法的な研究は信頼できる結果を生み出した。
C1 noun /pəˈrɪm.ɪ.tər/

perimeter

周囲
Meaning
the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure or area
Example
The soldiers guarded the perimeter of the camp.
兵士たちはキャンプの周囲を守った。
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

異常
Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
科学者たちは実験中に異常な結果を観察しました。
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

振付
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
バレエの振付は息を呑むほど素晴らしかった。
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

一貫性
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
エッセイには一貫性が欠けており、理解が難しかった。
C1 noun /ˈhɒməˌfoʊn/

homophone

同音異義語
Meaning
A word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and often spelling.
Example
The words 'pair' and 'pear' are homophones.
「pair」と「pear」の単語は同音異義語です。
C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

資格証明書
Meaning
a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something
Example
She presented her credentials before starting the new job.
彼女は新しい仕事を始める前に資格証明書を提示しました。
C1 noun /djʊˈrɛs/

duress

強制
Meaning
threats, violence, or pressure used to force someone to do something
Example
She signed the contract under duress.
彼女は強制的に契約書に署名した。
C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

フランチャイズ
Meaning
A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.
Example
He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.
彼は都市で新しいファーストフードのフランチャイズを開設しました。
C1 noun /ˌnɑm.əˈni/

Nominee

ノミネートされた人
Meaning
a person who is nominated for an office, award, or honor
Example
She was the nominee for the Best Actress award.
彼女は最優秀女優賞のノミネートされた人でした。
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

辛辣な批評
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
批評家は映画について辛辣な批評を書いた。
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

怒らせる
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
彼の不公平な発言が観客を怒らせた。
C1 adjective + noun এক্সেসিভ স্ট্রেইন

excessive strain

過度のストレス
Meaning
An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.
Example
Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues.
指に過度のストレスがかかると、筋骨格の問題を引き起こす可能性があります。
C1 noun /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

sustainable agriculture

持続可能な農業
Meaning
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
Example
Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security.
持続可能な農業の実践は、環境を保護しながら食料安全保障を確保します。
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

簡素化
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
プロセスの簡素化は、運用コストを大幅に削減することができます。
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

持続的な
Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
彼女は故郷への持続的な愛を持っていました。
C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

十字軍、激しいキャンペーン
Meaning
a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause
Example
She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.
彼女は一生を女性の権利のために戦っています。
C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

刻む
Meaning
to write or carve words or symbols on a surface
Example
They inscribed her name on the trophy.
彼らはトロフィーに彼女の名前を刻みました。
C1 adjective /əˈvɜːrs/

averse

嫌悪
Meaning
having a strong dislike of or opposition to something
Example
He was averse to taking unnecessary risks.
彼は不必要なリスクを取ることに嫌悪感を抱いていた。
C1 noun /ˈwɛlˌduːər/

well-doer

善行者
Meaning
A person who does good deeds; a benefactor.
Example
The community praised the well-doer for his charity.
コミュニティはその善行者を称賛しました。
C1 adverb /əˈbrɛst/

abreast

並んで
Meaning
side by side and facing the same direction; informed about something
Example
The soldiers marched two abreast down the street.
兵士たちは通りを二人並んで行進した。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

impermeable

不透水の
Meaning
Not allowing fluid or gas to pass through.
Example
The container is made of impermeable plastic.
その容器は不透水のプラスチックでできています。
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌɡɑːrmənt/

undergarment

下着
Meaning
a piece of clothing worn under outer clothes, usually next to the skin
Example
He bought new undergarments for the wedding.
彼は結婚式のために新しい下着を買いました。
C1 adjective rɪsk-ədˈʤɛstɪd

risk-adjusted

リスク調整済み
Meaning
Modified or calibrated to account for risk factors in investment returns.
Example
Risk-adjusted returns consider both potential profit and loss.
リスク調整後のリターンは、潜在的な利益と損失の両方を考慮します。
C1 verb /bɔːk/

balk

拒否する
Meaning
to hesitate or refuse to proceed or comply
Example
She balked at signing the contract without reading it fully.
彼女は契約書を完全に読まずに署名することをためらった。
C1 verb /ʌnˈɜːθ/

unearth

発掘する
Meaning
To dig up from the ground or to discover something hidden.
Example
Archaeologists unearthed ancient artifacts at the site.
考古学者たちはサイトで古代の遺物を発掘した。
C1 noun /ˈhɑː.mɪ.saɪd/

Homicide

殺人
Meaning
the deliberate and unlawful killing of one person by another; murder
Example
The detective was assigned to investigate the homicide that occurred downtown last night.
探偵は昨晩市内で発生した殺人事件の調査を担当しました。
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

キャリブレーション
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
スケールの精度は定期的なキャリブレーションに依存します。
C1 adjective /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

Submissive

従順; 服従的; 謙虚な
Meaning
ready to obey others; yielding to authority; humble and compliant
Example
She became submissive after years of harsh treatment.
厳しい扱いの後、彼女は従順になった。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

unadorned

シンプルな、飾りのない
Meaning
Plain and simple; not decorated.
Example
The room was unadorned, with only a table and a chair.
部屋はシンプルで、テーブルと椅子だけがありました。
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

無神論的
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
彼女は宗教的な儀式のない無神論的な家庭で育ちました。
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk/

cataclysmic

壊滅的
Meaning
Relating to or denoting a violent natural event or upheaval.
Example
The war had cataclysmic effects on the nation's economy.
戦争は国の経済に壊滅的な影響を与えた。
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

百科事典的
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
彼女の歴史に関する百科事典的な知識は、会議でみんなを驚かせた。
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

置換
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
パズルはタイルのすべての可能な置換を試すことで解決できます。
C1 adjective /haɪˈdrɔːlɪk/

hydraulic

油圧の
Meaning
operated by the pressure of liquid, especially water or oil
Example
The mechanic repaired the hydraulic system of the machine.
機械工は機械の油圧システムを修理しました。
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌteɪkər/

undertaker

葬儀屋
Meaning
A person whose job is to prepare the dead for burial and arrange funerals.
Example
The undertaker prepared the body for the funeral service.
葬儀屋は葬儀のために遺体を準備しました。
C1 verb /ləˈmɛnt/

lament

嘆く
Meaning
to express grief, sorrow, or regret about something
Example
She lamented the loss of her childhood home.
彼女は幼少期の家を失ったことを嘆いた。
C1 noun /ɒnˈsɒmbəl/

ensemble

アンサンブル, グループ
Meaning
a group of things or people viewed as a whole, especially performers in music or theater
Example
The theater ensemble gave a spectacular performance.
劇場のアンサンブルは素晴らしいパフォーマンスをしました。
C1 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən/

derivation

派生
Meaning
The origin or development of something from a source.
Example
The derivation of the word comes from Latin.
その単語の起源はラテン語から来ている。
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrdʒər/

merger

合併
Meaning
The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.
Example
The merger of the two firms created the largest bank in the region.
2社の合併により、地域で最大の銀行が設立されました。
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

偽造
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
警察は偽札の一群を押収しました。
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

集会
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
集会は説教を聞くために集まりました。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

軽減する
Meaning
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
Example
She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.
彼女は軽減する状況のために寛容を求めました。
C1 noun /sɪˈsɛʃən/

secession

分離
Meaning
The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation or body.
Example
The secession of the southern states led to the Civil War.
南部諸州の分離は南北戦争を引き起こした。
C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.rəl.səm/

Quarrelsome

喧嘩好きな; 論争的な; 争い好きな
Meaning
given to arguing and fighting; argumentative and confrontational
Example
His quarrelsome nature makes it difficult to work with him.
彼の喧嘩好きな性格は、彼と一緒に働くのを難しくします。
C1 verb /ˈtɪŋkər/

tinker

いじる
Meaning
to make small adjustments or repairs to something, often experimentally or imperfectly
Example
He likes to tinker with old radios in his garage.
彼はガレージで古いラジオをいじるのが好きです。
C1 noun /ˈblʌd.ʃed/

Bloodshed

流血; 大虐殺
Meaning
the killing or wounding of people, typically in large numbers during a conflict
Example
The peace treaty was signed to prevent further bloodshed.
平和条約はさらなる流血を防ぐために署名されました。
C1 adjective /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

fraternal

Meaning
Relating to brothers or brotherhood; friendly and supportive.
Example
The two nations maintain a fraternal relationship.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

スポンジ状
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
ケーキは軽くてスポンジ状の質感がありました。
C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

類似した
Meaning
Of similar character or related by blood.
Example
His reaction was akin to shock.
彼の反応はショックに似ていた。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfaɪənt/

Defiant

反抗的な; 逆らう
Meaning
boldly resistant or challenging; disobedient
Example
The defiant student refused to follow the rules.
その反抗的な学生はルールに従うことを拒否しました。
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

召喚する
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
魔法使いは帽子からウサギを召喚しました。
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈriːtʃ/

overreach

過剰な努力
Meaning
to go beyond what is proper, acceptable, or achievable; to overextend
Example
The politician overreached by making promises he couldn't keep.
その政治家は約束を守れなかったことで過剰な努力をしました。
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

粘着性
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
接着テープは壁にしっかりとくっつきました。
C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

収益性
Meaning
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example
Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.
販売の増加とコスト削減により収益性が向上しました。
C1 adjective /ˌtræn.zətˈlæn.tɪk/

transatlantic

大西洋を横断する
Meaning
crossing or spanning the Atlantic Ocean
Example
They took a transatlantic flight from New York to London.
彼らはニューヨークからロンドンへのトランスアトランティック便に乗った。
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

方言
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
彼は地元の方言でスピーチをしたので、誰でも理解できました。
C1 adjective /ˌhæpi ɡoʊ ˈlʌki/

happy-go-lucky

おおらかで、気楽な、無頓着な
Meaning
cheerfully unconcerned about the future; carefree
Example
She has a happy-go-lucky attitude and never worries about tomorrow.
彼女はハピゴーラッキーな態度を持っており、明日のことを心配することはありません。
C1 adjective /ˌnjʊə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

neurological

神経学的
Meaning
Relating to the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system.
Example
Meditation has positive neurological effects on mental health.
瞑想は精神的健康に対して積極的な神経学的影響を与えます。
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

倒錯
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
彼は同僚を困らせることに倒錯した喜びを感じていた。
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/

scalpel

メス
Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
外科医は慎重にメスを使って最初の切開を行いました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

針葉樹に関連する
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
松の木は針葉樹で、寒冷な気候で育ちます。
C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

誤った、間違った
Meaning
Wrong; incorrect.
Example
His assumptions were completely erroneous.
彼の仮定は完全に誤っていた。
C1 noun /ˈrɪdəns/

riddance

解放
Meaning
The action of getting rid of something unwanted or unpleasant.
Example
His departure was considered a welcome riddance by the team.
彼の退職はチームにとって歓迎すべき解放と見なされた。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

衝動的な
Meaning
Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
Example
His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.
彼の衝動的な決断は予想外の結果を招いた。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

力を入れて登る
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
子供たちは洞窟に到達するために岩を登った。
C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

パトス
Meaning
a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion
Example
The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.
ドキュメンタリーは、パトスと希望をうまくバランスさせ、観客を泣かせ、考えさせました。
C1 noun /ˈmælədi/

Malady

病気; 疾患; 重大な問題
Meaning
A disease or ailment; a serious problem
Example
The doctor diagnosed a rare malady that affected her nervous system.
医者は神経系に影響を与えた珍しい病気を診断しました。
C1 verb /riˈɪtəreɪt/

reiterate

繰り返す
Meaning
To say something again or repeatedly for emphasis or clarity.
Example
The teacher reiterated the importance of honesty.
教師は正直さの重要性を繰り返し述べました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

合唱に関連する
Meaning
Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.
Example
The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.
教会は日曜日に合唱のパフォーマンスを開催しました。
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

柔軟性の欠如
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
規則の柔軟性の欠如が不要な遅れを引き起こした。
C1 noun ˈredʒ.ɪ.strɑːr

registrar

レジストラー
Meaning
An official responsible for keeping records or registers.
Example
The registrar oversees all administrative tasks.
レジストラーはすべての行政業務を監督しています。
C1 verb dɪˈsɜːn

discern

識別する
Meaning
To perceive or recognize something; to distinguish with difficulty by sight or with the other senses.
Example
He could barely discern the distant figure in the fog.
彼は霧の中で遠くの姿をほとんど識別できなかった。
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

熱中症
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
その労働者は一日中外で働いた後、日射病にかかりました。
C1 noun /ˈdæmpər/

damper

力、効果、または興奮を減少または抑制するもの
Meaning
something that reduces or lessens the force, effect, or excitement
Example
The cancellation of the trip put a damper on their enthusiasm.
旅行のキャンセルは彼らの熱意をそぐことになった。
C1 noun /ˈaʊtpoʊst/

outpost

前哨基地
Meaning
A small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard.
Example
The soldiers were stationed at a remote outpost.
兵士たちは遠隔地の前哨基地に配置されました。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

幸福
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せなかった。
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/

pseudonym

筆名
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
マーク・トウェインはサミュエル・クレメンスの筆名でした。
C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

老衰
Meaning
The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.
Example
His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.
彼の忘れっぽさは老衰によるものとされました。
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

魅力的
Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
新しい先生はとても魅力的で話しやすいです。
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平等
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
キャンペーンは男性と女性の間で給与の平等を達成することを目指しています。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

incitement

扇動
Meaning
the action of provoking unlawful or violent behavior
Example
He was arrested for incitement to riot.
彼は暴動を扇動した罪で逮捕された。
C1 verb /dɪˈbeɪs/

debase

低下させる
Meaning
to reduce the quality, value, or dignity of something
Example
Corruption can debase the values of a society.
腐敗は社会の価値観を低下させる可能性があります。
C1 adjective /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/

Mountainous

山岳地帯の
Meaning
having many mountains; characterized by mountains
Example
The mountainous region was difficult to travel through.
その山岳地帯は旅行するのが難しかった。
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

イントネーション
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
彼のイントネーションは観客を引きつけた。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

unequivocal

明確
Meaning
Leaving no doubt; clear and unambiguous
Example
She gave an unequivocal answer to the question.
彼女は質問に対して明確な答えを出しました。
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

有効に
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
契約は両当事者によって有効に署名されました。
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

シタール
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
シタールはインディアン・クラシック音楽の中で美しいラガを作り出します。
C1 noun /trʌsˈtiː/

trustee

受託者
Meaning
a person who holds or manages property or assets for the benefit of others
Example
She was appointed as the trustee of the family estate.
彼女は家族の財産の受託者に任命された。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səˈbɔːr.dɪ.nət/

insubordinate

命令不服従
Meaning
Defiant of authority; disobedient to orders.
Example
The insubordinate employee refused to follow the manager's instructions.
命令不服従の従業員は、マネージャーの指示に従うことを拒否した。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ/

unwitting

無自覚
Meaning
Not aware of what is happening; done without realizing.
Example
She became an unwitting participant in the scam.
彼女は詐欺の無自覚な参加者になった。
C1 noun /ˈbɪtər ɡɔːrd/

Bitter Gourd

ゴーヤ
Meaning
a green, bumpy vegetable with a very bitter taste, known for its medicinal properties
Example
Bitter gourd is excellent for controlling blood sugar levels.
ゴーヤは血糖値をコントロールするのに優れています。
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

最も脆弱な国
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
バングラデシュは気候変動に最も脆弱な国の一つです。
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

独白
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
ハムレットの独白はシェイクスピアのドラマの中で最も有名なパッセージの一つです。
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

助成金
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
農業の助成金は、農家が作物の生産を維持するのに役立ちます。
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

勇気づける
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
コーチの言葉はチームを積極的にプレーするように勇気づけました。
C1 verb /fɔrˈstɔl/

forestall

事前に防ぐ
Meaning
to prevent by acting in advance; to anticipate and counter
Example
They forestalled the crisis by taking immediate action.
彼らは即座に行動することで危機を回避した。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈkɪndrəd/

kindred

幸せ
Meaning
A person's relatives or family; similar in nature or character.
Example
They discovered kindred spirits in each other.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C1 noun ˌɪm.pʌlˈsɪv.ɪ.ti

impulsivity

衝動性
Meaning
The tendency to act quickly and without thought or care; lack of self-control.
Example
His impulsivity led him to make reckless choices.
彼の衝動性は、無謀な選択をさせた。
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

細かい詳細や規則に過度にこだわる
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
彼女のペダンティックな説明は講義を退屈にした。