Torrential
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C1 adjective /təˈren.ʃəl/

Torrential

土砂降り; 激しい雨
Meaning
falling rapidly in copious streams; extremely heavy rainfall
Example
The torrential rain flooded the streets within hours.
土砂降りの雨が数時間以内に通りを浸水させた。
C1 adjective /ˈtrænzɪtɔːri/

transitory

一時的な
Meaning
Not permanent; temporary.
Example
The transitory nature of fame makes it difficult to maintain.
名声の一時的な性質は、それを維持するのを難しくします。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

便宜的
Meaning
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
Example
It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.
リスクにもかかわらず、近道を取ることは便宜的だった。
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

逮捕する
Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
警察は長い追跡の後、泥棒を捕まえることに成功した。
C1 adjective /kɪˈnɛtɪk/

kinetic

運動エネルギー
Meaning
Relating to or resulting from motion.
Example
Kinetic energy increases as the object moves faster.
物体が速く動くとき、運動エネルギーは増加します。
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

魅力的で洗練された
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
彼はパーティーで全員に感銘を与えた洗練された紳士だった。
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

毛細血管
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
壊れた毛細血管は暗い輪を引き起こす。
C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

クソ (強調のための卑猥な言葉)
Meaning
used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)
Example
It was a fucking disaster!
それはクソみたいな災害だった！
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

スイートライム
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
スイートライムジュースは暑い日にさわやかでした。
C1 adjective /ˈrævənəs/

ravenous

猛烈にお腹がすいている
Meaning
Extremely hungry; famished.
Example
After the long hike, she was ravenous and ate quickly.
長いハイキングの後、彼女は猛烈にお腹がすいて、すぐに食べました。
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

危険な
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
彼の財政状況は危険な状態です。
C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

裏切り罪
Meaning
the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government
Example
He was accused of treason against the state.
彼は国家に対する反逆罪で告発されました。
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

詰まる / 木靴
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
シンクは食べ物のゴミで詰まっていました。
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

懐疑主義, 疑念
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
新しい技術に対する彼の懐疑主義は、彼を変化に対して抵抗力を持たせる。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

因果的
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
喫煙と癌との間には因果関係があります。
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

言葉の暗示的または示唆された意味
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
'家'という言葉には、快適さと家族を象徴する温かい暗示がある
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

敬虔な
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
敬虔な修道士は毎日何時間も祈りに捧げた。
C1 adjective /rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ/

retiring

内向的
Meaning
Shy and reserved; avoiding social contact.
Example
She is a quiet, retiring woman who avoids attention.
彼女は静かで内向的な女性で、注目を避ける。
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniæk/

maniac

マニア
Meaning
a person who behaves in a wildly foolish, dangerous, or violent way
Example
The driver was speeding like a maniac.
運転手はマニアのようにスピードを出していた。
C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

農薬残留物
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
食物中の農薬残留物が過剰だと健康に害を与える可能性があります。
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɜː.sənˈeɪ.ʃən/

impersonation

なりすまし
Meaning
The action of pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment or fraud.
Example
Online impersonation is a serious cybercrime.
オンラインでのなりすましは重大なサイバー犯罪です。
C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

イデオロギー
Meaning
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example
Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.
民主主義は自由と平等のイデオロギーに基づいています。
C1 noun /ˈskæf.əld/

Scaffold

足場
Meaning
a temporary structure used by workers to stand on when building or repairing something high; a platform for execution
Example
The workers erected a scaffold to paint the building's exterior.
作業員たちは建物の外壁を塗装するために足場を設置しました。
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

予備的にする
Meaning
To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.
Example
His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.
彼の遺伝子は、彼が糖尿病になる可能性を高めるかもしれません。
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

合流
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
異なる文化からのアイデアの合流は、豊かな議論を生み出しました。
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

齧歯類
Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
農場主は納屋の中でロデントを捕まえるために罠を設置しました。
C1 noun /ˈvɪɡər/

vigor

活力
Meaning
Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.
Example
She tackled the project with great vigor and determination.
彼女は大きな活力と決意を持ってそのプロジェクトに取り組んだ。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

世代間、異なる世代間で発生する
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
インタージェネレーショナルな知恵は文化的継続性を確保する。
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

ペチコート
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
彼女はドレスの下に白いペティコートを着ていました。
C1 adjective /prɪm/

prim

過度に正式または適切
Meaning
stiffly formal and proper in appearance or behavior
Example
She looked prim in her neatly pressed dress.
彼女はきちんとアイロンがかけられたドレスを着てプリムに見えた。
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

自己満足の笑顔
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
彼は議論に勝ったとき、ニヤリと笑った。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

結論が出ていない
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
証拠の不足により、調査は結論が出ていないままでした。
C1 adjective /bɪˈfɪt.ɪŋ/

Befitting

適切な; ふさわしい; 特定の状況や人に適している
Meaning
appropriate; suitable; proper for a particular situation or person
Example
He wore formal attire befitting the important occasion.
彼は重要な機会にふさわしい正式な服を着ていた。
C1 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən/

derivation

派生
Meaning
The origin or development of something from a source.
Example
The derivation of the word comes from Latin.
その単語の起源はラテン語から来ている。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

化身
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
その僧侶は慈悲の化身と見なされていた。
C1 noun /ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/

decibel

デシベル
Meaning
a unit used to measure the intensity of sound
Example
The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels.
工場の騒音レベルは90デシベルを超えました。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛnt/

dissent

Meaning
To hold or express opinions that are different from those officially accepted.
Example
Several members dissented from the majority decision.
C1 noun /ˈrɛ.trəʊ.fɪt.ɪŋ/

retrofitting

古いシステムに新しい技術や機能を追加すること
Meaning
The addition of new technology or features to older systems.
Example
The building underwent retrofitting to meet new safety standards.
その建物は、新しい安全基準に適応するためにレトロフィッティングされました。
C1 adjective /ˈræmpənt/

rampant

蔓延する
Meaning
existing or spreading unchecked, often in an undesirable way
Example
Corruption was rampant in the city administration.
腐敗は市の行政で蔓延していた。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ/

disallow

許可しない
Meaning
to refuse to allow or accept something
Example
The referee disallowed the goal for offside.
審判はオフサイドのためゴールを認めませんでした。
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛl.ɪʃ/

embellish

飾る
Meaning
To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or exaggerating.
Example
He tends to embellish stories to make them more interesting.
彼は物語をより面白くするために飾る傾向があります。
C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

幅
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
彼の知識の幅は皆に感銘を与えました。
C1 verb /ɡleɪz/

glaze

グレーズ
Meaning
to cover with a smooth, shiny surface; to coat with a glossy finish
Example
The chef glazed the cake with chocolate.
シェフはケーキにチョコレートをグレーズしました。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/

impeach

Meaning
To charge a public official with misconduct while in office.
Example
The parliament voted to impeach the president.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/

infuriate

激怒させる
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His careless remarks infuriated the entire team.
彼の不注意な発言がチーム全体を怒らせた。
C1 verb /dɪˈvɒlv/

devolve

委譲する
Meaning
To pass power, responsibility, or duties to another person or group.
Example
The responsibility will devolve on the new manager.
責任は新しいマネージャーに委譲されます。
C1 adjective /dɪˈvaʊt/

devout

献身的
Meaning
Deeply religious or sincere.
Example
He is a devout believer who prays every day.
彼は毎日祈る献身的な信者です。
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

自己満足
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
彼の自己満足は彼のパフォーマンスの低下を招いた。
C1 noun /rɪˈtriː.vəl/

retrieval

回復
Meaning
The process of getting something back, especially from storage or memory.
Example
The brain's retrieval system helps recall past experiences.
脳のリトリーバルシステムは過去の経験を思い出すのに役立ちます。
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

パンジャビ
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
彼は祭りのために白いパンジャビを着ていました。
C1 verb /ˈfɔːlsɪfaɪ/

falsify

偽造する
Meaning
to make something false or to misrepresent
Example
He tried to falsify the documents to avoid taxes.
彼は税金を避けるために書類を偽造しようとした。
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrlər/

curler

カーラー
Meaning
A small roller used for curling hair.
Example
She used a curler to style her hair for the party.
彼女はパーティーのために髪をスタイリングするためにカールラーを使った。
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

御者
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
御者は熟練して馬を賑やかな通りを通り抜けさせました。
C1 noun /moʊˈtiːf/

motif

Meaning
A recurring theme, subject, or idea in a work of art or literature.
Example
The motif of love is central to the novel.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

尋問
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
ジャーナリストは、自分の情報源に関するパネルからの厳しい尋問に直面した。
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

うっかり; ついうっかり; 誤って
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
彼女はコンピュータを掃除しているとき、重要なファイルをうっかり削除してしまった。
C1 phrase lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mət sɛlf dɪˈfens

legitimate self-defense

正当防衛
Meaning
Lawful protection of oneself from harm or attack.
Example
The country claimed it was legitimate self-defense.
その国は正当防衛であると主張しました。
C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

深い切り傷
Meaning
A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.
Example
He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.
事故の後、彼の足には深い切り傷があった。
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

触媒
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
彼のスピーチはコミュニティの変化の触媒となった。
C1 adjective /ˌaʊtˈspoʊkən/

Outspoken

率直
Meaning
frank; speaking directly
Example
She is known for being outspoken about social issues.
彼女は社会問題について率直に話すことで知られています。
C1 adjective /dɪˈrɒɡətɔːri/

derogatory

侮辱的
Meaning
Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude.
Example
The article contained derogatory comments about the politician.
その記事には政治家について侮辱的なコメントが含まれていました。
C1 verb /bɪˈhoʊld/

behold

見る；目にする
Meaning
to see or observe something, especially something remarkable or impressive
Example
She stood quietly to behold the sunrise over the hills.
彼女は丘の上の日の出を見るために静かに立っていた。
C1 noun /ˈænəɡræm/

anagram

他の単語やフレーズの文字を並べ替えて作られた単語またはフレーズ。
Meaning
A word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
Example
The word 'listen' is an anagram of 'silent'.
'listen' は 'silent' のアナグラムです。
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt/

reinstate

再雇用する
Meaning
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
Example
The company decided to reinstate the suspended employee.
その会社は停止された従業員を再雇用することを決定した。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

inferno

火災
Meaning
a large, intense fire that is dangerously out of control
Example
The building turned into an inferno within minutes.
その建物は数分で火災に変わった。
C1 adjective /əˈbreɪsɪv/

abrasive

Meaning
harsh, rough, or capable of wearing down by rubbing
Example
His abrasive tone made everyone uncomfortable.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

略奪する
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
侵入した軍隊は村を略奪し、すべての貴重品を持ち去った。
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

発芽する
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
種は数日間の雨の後に発芽し始めました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɪzəbl/

divisible

割り切れる
Meaning
Capable of being divided by another number without leaving a remainder.
Example
Twelve is divisible by three and four.
12は3と4で割り切れます。
C1 verb /ˈtrɛspəs/

trespass

Meaning
to enter someone's land or property without permission
Example
He was fined for trespassing on private land.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

不自然な、堅苦しい
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
彼のスピーチは不自然で練習されたように聞こえた。
C1 noun /dɪˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/

depreciation

減価償却
Meaning
A reduction in the value of an asset with the passage of time, due to wear and tear.
Example
The car's depreciation rate is high after five years.
車の減価償却率は5年後に高くなります。
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

違反する
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
彼は安全規則に反したため、罰金を科せられました。
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

ナツメグ
Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
レシピにはカスタードに風味を加えるために、小さじ1杯のナツメグが必要でした。
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

縮む
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
彼女は自分の間違いを思い出して、縮んだ。
C1 adjective /ˈfræɡməntɪd/

fragmented

断片化, 分割, 不完全
Meaning
Having been broken into fragments; disjointed or incomplete.
Example
The information was fragmented and difficult to understand.
情報は断片化されていて、理解するのが難しかった。
C1 adverb /ˈnæroʊli/

Narrowly

かろうじて; 辛うじて
Meaning
by a small margin; barely; in a limited way
Example
She narrowly escaped the accident.
彼女は事故をかろうじて避けた。
C1 verb /deɪz/

daze

Meaning
to stun or confuse someone temporarily with a shock or surprise
Example
The bright lights dazed the runners as they entered the stadium.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

不法な
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
警察は不法な麻薬取引を閉鎖しました。
C1 verb, noun /lɜːrtʃ/

lurch

Meaning
to make an abrupt, unsteady, or uncontrolled movement; a sudden movement or stagger
Example
The bus lurched forward as the driver hit the brakes.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmaɪndfəl/

Unmindful

無頓着な; 注意しない;
Meaning
not paying attention; careless; heedless
Example
She was unmindful of the danger around her.
彼女は周りの危険に気づいていませんでした。
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

無一文; 極貧; 完全に金がない
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
仕事を失った後、彼は無一文になった。
C1 noun /truːp/

troupe

劇団
Meaning
A group of dancers, actors, or performers who work together.
Example
The theater troupe performed brilliantly on stage.
劇団はステージで素晴らしいパフォーマンスをしました。
C1 verb /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/

debunk

虚偽を暴露する、神話を打破する
Meaning
Expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief).
Example
Scientists debunked the myth that vaccines cause autism.
科学者たちは、ワクチンが自閉症を引き起こすという神話を打破した。
C1 noun, verb /tɪndʒ/

tinge

色や味の軽い加え方
Meaning
a slight added color, flavor, or feeling; to add a slight amount of color or quality
Example
Her voice was tinged with sadness.
彼女の声は悲しみでティンジドだった。
C1 noun /ˈræmpɑːrt/

rampart

城壁
Meaning
a defensive wall of a castle or fort
Example
The soldiers stood on the rampart, watching the enemy approach.
兵士たちは城壁に立ち、敵が近づくのを見守っていました。
C1 adjective əʊˈpeɪk

opaque

不透明, 理解しにくい
Meaning
Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.
Example
The glass was too opaque to see through.
そのガラスは不透明すぎて、透けて見えませんでした。
C1 adjective /ˈheɪ.zi/

Hazy

ぼんやりした; 曖昧な; ぼやけた
Meaning
covered with haze; unclear or vague; lacking clarity
Example
The mountain tops were hazy in the morning mist.
山の頂上は朝の霧の中でぼんやりしていました。
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

温室 / 音楽と芸術の学校
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
彼らは温室でエキゾチックな植物を育てていました。
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

共謀する
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
彼らは政府を倒すために共謀した。
C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

明らかにする
Meaning
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
Example
She refused to divulge the source of her information.
彼女は情報の源を明らかにすることを拒否しました。
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

外部性
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
汚染は産業化の負の外部性です。
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

インコ
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
緑色のインコはこんにちはを言うことを学びました。
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主観的
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
美しさはしばしば主観的な概念と見なされます。
C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

関連付ける
Meaning
To have a mutual relationship or connection; to establish a relationship between two or more things.
Example
Researchers found that diet and mental health correlate strongly.
研究者たちは、食事とメンタルヘルスが強く関連していることを発見しました。
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

多様性
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
プロジェクトは多様な課題に直面しました。
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

唾液
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
歯科医は彼女に口の中の唾液をすすぐように言った。
C1 noun /mɜːrθ/

mirth

喜び
Meaning
Great joy, amusement, or laughter.
Example
The festival was full of mirth and laughter.
フェスティバルは喜びと笑いでいっぱいでした。
C1 noun, verb /dɪsˈɑːnər/

dishonor

Meaning
a state of shame or loss of respect; to bring shame upon someone or something
Example
The soldier felt he had brought dishonor to his family.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

重大
Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
その事故はコミュニティにとって重大な打撃でした。
C1 verb /rɪˈɡrɛs/

regress

Meaning
To return to a former or less developed state.
Example
Without proper guidance, the child's progress began to regress.
C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

セメントで作られた墓
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
殉教者のセメントで作られた墓が川の近くで見られました。
C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

寛容
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
裁判官は寛容を示し、彼の判決を軽減しました。
C1 verb trænˈsɛnd

transcend

超越する
Meaning
To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass or exceed
Example
His effort to transcend traditional methods was commendable.
彼の伝統的な方法を超越しようとする努力は賞賛に値した。
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

引用
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
研究論文にはシェイクスピアからの引用が含まれていました。
C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

厳格に; 柔軟性なしで
Meaning
in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise
Example
The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.
この機関ではルールは厳格に適用されます。
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrsəˌnɛri/

mercenary

傭兵
Meaning
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army; also used to describe someone motivated solely by money.
Example
The mercenary fought for whoever paid the highest wage.
傭兵は最も高い給料を支払った人のために戦った。
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

幸福
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができませんでした。
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

冷笑する
Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
彼女は彼の歌おうとしたことを嘲笑した。
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər hen/

Water hen

水鳥
Meaning
a waterbird with dark plumage that lives near ponds and wetlands
Example
The water hen swam gracefully across the pond.
水鳥は池を優雅に泳ぎました。
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

住民
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
新しい法律は地元の住民によって歓迎されました。
C1 noun /zest/

Zest

熱意；エネルギーと興奮；柑橘類の外皮
Meaning
great enthusiasm and energy; excitement and vigor; the outer peel of a citrus fruit
Example
She approached the new job with tremendous zest.
彼女は新しい仕事に非常に熱意を持って取り組んだ。
C1 verb /ˈfʌmbəl/

fumble

不器用にする
Meaning
to handle something clumsily or to make mistakes while doing something
Example
He fumbled with the keys and dropped them on the floor.
彼は鍵で手間取って、それらを床に落としました。
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

輸入
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
高級品の輸入は厳しく規制されています。
C1 adverb /əˈtroʊʃəsli/

atrociously

ひどく
Meaning
in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner
Example
The service at the restaurant was atrociously slow.
そのレストランのサービスはひどく遅かった。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

チャプレン
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
軍のチャプレンは戦闘前に祈りを捧げました。
C1 noun /ˈɜːrθənˌwɛr/

earthenware

陶器
Meaning
pottery made of clay and hardened by heat
Example
The shop displayed beautiful earthenware pots and bowls.
店は美しい陶器の壺と鉢を展示していました。
C1 noun /ˈbenɪˌfæktər/

Benefactor

恩人; 支援者; 寄付者
Meaning
a person who gives money or other help to support a person or cause; a patron
Example
The anonymous benefactor donated millions to the hospital.
匿名の寄付者は病院に何百万も寄付しました。
C1 verb /ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ/

glorify

讃える
Meaning
to praise or honor someone or something; to make something seem better than it is
Example
The movie glorifies war heroes.
その映画は戦争の英雄を美化している。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

哀れな; 哀れを誘う
Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
傷ついた動物の哀れな叫び声は、皆を涙で動かしました。
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

決定的な; 最終的な; 問題を完全に解決する
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
その証拠は決定的であり、疑う余地を残さなかった。