C1 noun /tækˈsɒnəmi/

taxonomy

分類学

Meaning

The science or practice of classifying things, especially organisms.

Example

Modern taxonomy helps scientists organize and study biodiversity.

現代の分類学は、科学者たちが生物多様性を整理し、研究するのを助けます。

A2 noun /ˌʌpˈsteəz/

Upstairs

上の階

Meaning

on or to an upper floor of a building; the upper floor or floors

Example

She went upstairs to her bedroom to rest.

彼女は休憩するために自分の寝室に上がった。

C1 verb /raɪð/

writhe

身をよじる

Meaning

To twist or squirm in pain or discomfort.

Example

He writhed in pain after twisting his ankle.

彼は足首を捻った後、痛みで身をよじっていた。

B1 noun /ˈboʊ.nəs/

Bonus

ボーナス

Meaning

an amount of money added to wages on a seasonal basis, especially as a reward for good performance

Example

She received a year-end bonus for her excellent work performance.

彼女は優れた仕事のパフォーマンスに対する年末ボーナスを受け取った。

C1 verb /broʊtʃ/

broach

取り上げる

Meaning

to bring up a subject for discussion

Example

She decided to broach the topic of salary with her manager.

彼女はマネージャーと給料の話題を取り上げることに決めました。

C1 noun /ˈtæm.ər.ɪnd/

Tamarind

タマリンド

Meaning

a brown tropical fruit with a tangy, sour taste used in cooking and beverages

Example

Tamarind is commonly used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines for its sour flavor.

タマリンドはその酸っぱい味でアジアや中東の料理でよく使われます。

B1 adjective /ˈsʌm.wʌt/

Somewhat

やや; 少し; ほどほど

Meaning

to some extent; rather; moderately

Example

The movie was somewhat interesting but not great.

その映画は少し面白かったが、すごくはなかった。

C2 noun /ˈreɪdɪks/

radix

基数

Meaning

the base or root of something; the number on which a system of numeration is built

Example

In mathematics, the decimal system has a radix of ten.

数学では、十進法の基数は十です。

A2 number /ˈfɪfti/

fifty

五十

Meaning

the number 50

Example

The stadium can hold fifty thousand people.

スタジアムは五万人を収容できます。

C2 adjective /kənˈvɪviəl/

convivial

友好的で生き生きとした、楽しい; 社交的

Meaning

friendly, lively, and enjoyable; sociable

Example

The party had a convivial atmosphere with music and laughter.

パーティーは音楽と笑いに満ちたコンヴィヴィアルな雰囲気でした。

C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

反訴

Meaning

an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack

Example

The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.

弁護士は告発者に対して反訴を提起しました。

C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

えくぼ

Meaning

a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling

Example

Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.

彼女の魅力的なえくぼは、子供たちに微笑むたびに現れました。

B2 noun /ˈpɔːt.fəʊ.li.əʊ/

portfolio

作業のコレクション、サンプル、または作業リスト

Meaning

A collection of work or samples demonstrating skills and expertise.

Example

His portfolio showcased his diverse range of skills.

彼のポートフォリオは彼の多様なスキルの範囲を示していました。

C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

無政府状態

Meaning

a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority

Example

The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.

政権の崩壊は街中に無政府状態を引き起こした。

C1 adjective ˈsɛd(ə)ntəri

sedentary

座りっぱなしの

Meaning

Characterized by much sitting and little physical activity.

Example

A sedentary lifestyle can lead to numerous health problems.

座りっぱなしの生活は、多くの健康問題を引き起こす可能性がある。

A1 adjective /ˈevri/

Every

すべての; どれも; 例外なし

Meaning

each one; all; without exception

Example

Every student must complete their homework.

すべての学生は宿題を終わらせなければなりません。

B2 noun ˌɡloʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

globalization

グローバリゼーション

Meaning

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Example

Globalization has connected economies across the world.

グローバリゼーションは世界中の経済を結びつけました。

B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

インセンティブ

Meaning

Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.

Example

Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.

税制上のインセンティブは再生可能エネルギーへの投資を促進するために使用されます。

C2 adjective /ˌnɒnˈtrɪviəl/

nontrivial

非自明

Meaning

Not simple or easy; requiring effort or significant thought.

Example

Solving the equation turned out to be a nontrivial task.

方程式を解くことは非自明な作業であることが分かりました。

B2 noun, verb /nɜːrv/

nerve

神経; 勇気

Meaning

A bundle of fibers in the body that transmits signals between the brain and other parts; also courage or audacity.

Example

She gathered the nerve to speak in front of the large audience.

彼女は大きな観客の前で話す勇気を持っていた。

C1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪt ˌpen.ɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/

Market Penetration

市場浸透

Meaning

A measure of the amount of sales or adoption of a product or service compared to the total theoretical market for that product or service.

Example

High market penetration ensures competitive dominance.

市場浸透が競争優位性を確保する。

C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

メロディアス

Meaning

having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful

Example

Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.

彼女のメロディアスな声は、観客全員を魅了しました。

C1 adjective /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

asymmetrical

非対称

Meaning

Having parts that are not the same in size, shape, or arrangement.

Example

She wore an asymmetrical dress that drew everyone’s attention.

彼女は非対称のドレスを着て、皆の注目を集めていた。

B2 adjective /stiːp/

steep

急な, 高すぎる

Meaning

Having a sharp inclination or high slope; also can mean excessive (as in price).

Example

The hikers climbed a steep mountain trail.

ハイカーたちは急な山道を登った。

A2 noun /məˈʃiːn/

machine

機械

Meaning

A device with moving parts that uses energy to perform a particular task.

Example

This washing machine is very efficient.

この洗濯機は非常に効率的です。

C1 noun /ˈkuːdɒs/

kudos

賛辞

Meaning

Praise and honor received for an achievement.

Example

She received kudos for her excellent performance.

彼女は素晴らしいパフォーマンスで賛辞を受けた。

B2 verb /reɪd/

raid

踏み込む

Meaning

to attack suddenly; to search and seize

Example

Police raid the illegal gambling house.

警察は違法なギャンブルの家に踏み込む。

C2 adjective /ɪˈmɪsəbl/

immiscible

不混和

Meaning

Describes liquids that do not mix together.

Example

Oil and water are immiscible liquids.

油と水は不混和の液体です。

C1 adjective /ˈbeɪs.ləs/

Baseless

根拠のない; 事実無根の; 無根拠の

Meaning

without foundation; groundless; unfounded

Example

The accusations against him were completely baseless.

彼に対する告発は完全に根拠のないものでした。

A2 noun /ɪˈvent/

event

出来事

Meaning

something that happens, especially something important

Example

The concert was the biggest event of the year.

コンサートは今年最大の出来事でした。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

反抗

Meaning

Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.

Example

The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.

その兵士はミッション中の反抗で罰せられました。

C2 adverb /ˌðeərˈwɪð/

Therewith

それと一緒に;

Meaning

together with that; in addition to that

Example

He handed me the contract and the pen therewith.

彼は契約書とペンをそれと一緒に私に渡した。

A1 noun /bɜːrd/

bird

鳥

Meaning

a warm-blooded animal with feathers and wings that usually lays eggs and can often fly

Example

A bird was singing on the tree branch.

鳥が木の枝で歌っていました。

C2 noun/verb /ˈpɪləri/

pillory

公開処罰装置

Meaning

a device for publicly punishing someone / to expose to public ridicule

Example

The corrupt official was placed in the pillory for the town to jeer at.

腐敗した役人は町の人々に嘲笑されるためにピロリーに置かれました。

C2 noun /lɪnt/

lint

繊維くず

Meaning

small soft fibers that come off cloth, often found in dryers or on clothes

Example

There was lint all over his black shirt after the wash.

洗濯後、彼の黒いシャツに繊維くずがついていました。

B2 verb /ˈfɪltər/

filter

フィルター

Meaning

to pass a substance through a device to remove unwanted material or to selectively pass certain items

Example

She used a coffee filter to separate the grounds from the liquid.

彼女は液体から粉を分けるためにコーヒーフィルターを使った。

B2 adjective /pəˈluː.tɪd/

polluted

汚染された

Meaning

Contaminated with harmful or poisonous substances.

Example

Polluted air causes severe health problems.

汚染された空気は深刻な健康問題を引き起こします。

C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

震える

Meaning

to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion

Example

She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.

彼女は暗い森を一人で歩くことを考えただけで震えた。

B2 adverb /ˈɒdli/

oddly

奇妙に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; unexpectedly

Example

Oddly, he didn’t seem upset by the bad news.

奇妙に、彼は悪い知らせにも動揺していなかった。

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

傾向

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

彼女は珍しい本を集める傾向がある。

C2 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ ækt/

Alkali Act

アルカリ法案

Meaning

A British law passed in 1863 to regulate the emission of hydrochloric acid gas from alkali works, representing one of the first pieces of environmental legislation.

Example

The Alkali Act of 1863 was one of the first environmental laws.

1863年のアルカリ法案は最初の環境法の一つでした。

B1 noun /ˈdʒuː.əl/

Jewel

宝石; 貴重な石; 装飾品

Meaning

a precious stone, typically a single crystal or piece of a hard lustrous or translucent mineral; a valuable ornament

Example

The crown was adorned with precious jewels from around the world.

王冠は世界中からの貴重な宝石で飾られていました。

B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

避けられない

Meaning

in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented

Example

Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.

避けられないことに、チームはプロジェクト中に挑戦に直面しました。

C2 adjective /ˈbrætɪʃ/

brattish

わがまま

Meaning

acting like a spoiled child; behaving in an annoying, self-centered way

Example

The brattish boy threw a tantrum when he didn’t get his toy.

わがままな男の子は、おもちゃがもらえなかったときに駄々をこねました。

B2 adverb /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkli/

alphabetically

アルファベット順に

Meaning

in the order of the letters of the alphabet

Example

The names are listed alphabetically in the register.

名前は登録簿にアルファベット順に並んでいます。

C1 adjective /ˌhæpˈhæz.ɚd/

haphazard

無秩序

Meaning

Lacking any obvious principle of organization; random.

Example

His haphazard approach led to project failure.

彼の無秩序なアプローチはプロジェクトの失敗を引き起こした。

A2 pronoun /huːm/

whom

誰に

Meaning

used to refer to the person or people that something is done to

Example

The man whom I met yesterday is my friend.

昨日会ったその男性は私の友達です。

A2 noun /fɔːrk/

Fork

フォーク

Meaning

a tool with two or more prongs used for eating or serving food

Example

Please use a fork to eat your salad.

サラダを食べるためにフォークを使ってください。

C1 adjective ˈtæs.ɪt

tacit

暗黙の

Meaning

Understood or implied without being openly expressed or stated

Example

Their mutual understanding was based on tacit agreement.

彼らの相互理解は暗黙の合意に基づいていました。

C1 adverb /ˌðɛərˈʌv/

Thereof

それによって

Meaning

of that; from that

Example

The contract and all amendments thereof must be signed.

契約とそのすべての修正はそれによって署名される必要があります。

C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

再生

Meaning

An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.

Example

The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.

都市はパンデミック後、観光業の再生を見ました。

C2 noun /ˈel.ɪ.fənt ˈæp.əl/

Elephant Apple

エレファントアップル

Meaning

a tropical fruit with a hard shell and acidic flesh

Example

Elephant apple is used to make delicious jams and pickles.

エレファントアップルは、美味しいジャムやピクルスを作るために使用されます。

A1 noun /skuːl/

school

学校

Meaning

An institution for educating children; also a group of people sharing the same ideas or discipline.

Example

The children walked to school together.

子供たちは一緒に学校に歩いて行きました。

B2 adjective /ˈrɒt.ən/

Rotten

腐った; 悪い

Meaning

decayed; spoiled; bad

Example

The apple is rotten and should be thrown away.

リンゴは腐っていて、捨てるべきです。

A1 preposition /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/

during

〜の間に

Meaning

throughout the course of a period of time

Example

I fell asleep during the movie.

私は映画の間に寝てしまいました。

B2 adjective /ˈpreɪz.wɜː.ði/

Praiseworthy

賞賛に値する

Meaning

deserving praise; commendable; admirable

Example

Her charitable work is truly praiseworthy.

彼女の慈善活動は本当に賞賛に値します。

B2 verb /breɪd/

braid

編み込み

Meaning

to weave together strands of hair or material

Example

She braided her hair before going to school.

彼女は学校に行く前に髪を編みました。

B2 noun /hɪp/

hip

腰部

Meaning

The part of the body on either side of the pelvis, or informal: trendy and fashionable.

Example

She put her hands on her hips.

彼女は手を腰に置きました。

B2 noun ˈsɪblɪŋz

Siblings

兄弟姉妹

Meaning

Each of two or more children or offspring having one or both parents in common.

Example

Siblings are usually placed on the same level in a family tree.

兄弟姉妹は通常、家系図で同じレベルに配置されます。

B2 noun /sfɪər/

sphere

球体

Meaning

a round, three-dimensional shape that is perfectly symmetrical around its center; an area of activity or knowledge

Example

The Earth is almost a perfect sphere.

地球はほぼ完璧な球体です。

C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

根絶

Meaning

The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.

Example

Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.

カーボンの根絶はプロジェクトの重要な目標です。

B2 noun səbˈstænʃəl ˈɪmpækt

substantial impact

重大な影響

Meaning

A significant, considerable, and meaningful effect or influence.

Example

Substantial impact is possible even with a few hours of volunteering.

少しの時間のボランティア活動でも重大な影響を与えることができます。

B1 noun /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/

Accommodation

宿泊施設

Meaning

a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay

Example

The hotel provides comfortable accommodation for tourists.

ホテルは観光客のために快適な宿泊施設を提供します。

B2 verb /fɔːrdʒ/

forge

鍛造する、偽造する

Meaning

to create or shape something, often with effort or skill; also to counterfeit or fake something

Example

The blacksmith forged a strong sword from the iron.

鍛冶屋は鉄から強力な剣を鍛えました。

C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

アムネスティ

Meaning

An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.

Example

The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.

政府はすべての政治犯に対してアムネスティを発表しました。

C2 adjective /məˈnaɪəkəl/

maniacal

狂気の

Meaning

behaving like a maniac; showing excessive enthusiasm or madness

Example

He gave a maniacal laugh during the movie.

彼は映画の間に狂気の笑い声を上げた。

A2 noun /kraʊd/

crowd

群衆

Meaning

a large number of people gathered together

Example

A huge crowd gathered to watch the concert.

コンサートを見るために大きな群衆が集まりました。

B2 noun rɪˈtɛnʃən

retention

保持

Meaning

The continued possession, use, or control of something

Example

The retention of information is essential for academic success.

情報の保持は学問的成功のために重要です。

B2 noun /ˈskuːtər/

scooter

スクーター

Meaning

a small two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine or electricity

Example

She rides a scooter to work every day.

彼女は毎日スクーターで仕事に行きます。

C2 noun /lɪˈnoʊ.li.əm/

linoleum

リノリウム

Meaning

a durable, washable floor covering made from solidified linseed oil, wood flour, or cork dust on a canvas backing

Example

They decided to cover the kitchen floor with linoleum.

彼らはキッチンの床をリノリウムで覆うことに決めました。

A2 noun /ˈkændi/

candy

キャンディ

Meaning

a sweet food made with sugar or chocolate, often in small pieces

Example

The children were excited to get candy on Halloween.

子供たちはハロウィンでキャンディをもらって興奮していた。

A2 noun /bɪl/

Bill

くちばし

Meaning

the beak of a bird, especially when it is broad and flat

Example

The duck used its bill to filter food from the water.

そのカモは水から食べ物をろ過するためにくちばしを使いました。

C2 noun /ˌdiːnəʊˈteɪʃən/

denotation

指示

Meaning

The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

Example

The denotation of the word 'rose' is a type of flower.

'ローズ'という単語のデノテーションは花の一種です。

B2 noun /ˈbʊlɪt/

Bullet

弾丸

Meaning

a metal projectile fired from a gun

Example

The bullet missed its target and hit the wall.

その弾丸は標的を外し、壁に当たった。

B1 noun /ˈækses/

Access

アクセス

Meaning

the ability, right, or permission to approach, enter, or pass to and from a place

Example

Students have access to the library 24 hours a day.

学生は24時間いつでも図書館にアクセスできます。

C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

完璧な

Meaning

In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.

Example

His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.

彼の完璧なファッションセンスは、すべての同僚に賞賛されました。

B2 adverb /ˈsɒftli/

softly

静かにまたは穏やかに

Meaning

in a gentle or quiet way.

Example

She spoke softly so as not to wake the baby.

赤ちゃんを起こさないように静かに話しました。

B2 verb /ˈstʌmbəl/

stumble

つまずく

Meaning

to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter

Example

He stumbled on the uneven pavement.

彼はでこぼこな歩道でつまずいた。

C2 noun /ɪˈklɛktɪˌsɪzəm/

eclecticism

エクレクティズム

Meaning

A method or practice of deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.

Example

The architect’s work shows eclecticism by blending modern and traditional elements.

建築家の仕事は、現代的な要素と伝統的な要素を組み合わせてエクレクティズムを示しています。

C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈfɔːr.ɪ.stri

agroforestry

アグロフォレストリー

Meaning

A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.

Example

Agroforestry improves soil quality and crop yield.

アグロフォレストリーは土壌の質と作物の収量を改善します。

C1 noun /ˈleθ.ər.dʒi/

Lethargy

倦怠; 疲れと非活動的

Meaning

a lack of energy and enthusiasm; tiredness and inactivity

Example

The hot weather caused a feeling of lethargy.

暑い天気は倦怠感を引き起こしました。

B2 verb /dɪˈnaʊns/

denounce

非難する

Meaning

To publicly declare something to be wrong, evil, or condemn strongly.

Example

The leader denounced corruption in his speech.

リーダーはスピーチで汚職を非難しました。

C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪtɪd/

exasperated

非常にいらいらした

Meaning

greatly annoyed or irritated

Example

She gave him an exasperated look after his repeated mistakes.

彼女は繰り返しのミスの後、彼に非常にいらいらした視線を送った。

C1 noun, verb /ˈliːvər/ or /ˈlɛvər/

lever

てこの原理, かたくなな棒

Meaning

a rigid bar used to move or lift heavy objects; to move something using leverage.

Example

He used a lever to lift the heavy stone.

彼は重い石を持ち上げるためにレバーを使いました。

A2 noun /ˈprɪn.ses/

princess

王女

Meaning

a female royal family member, especially the daughter of a king or queen; a woman regarded as noble, cherished, or elegant

Example

The princess waved to the crowd from the palace balcony.

王女は宮殿のバルコニーから群衆に手を振った。

C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

無能力

Meaning

lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence

Example

His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.

チームを管理する彼の無能力は深刻な問題を引き起こした。

A1 verb, noun /tʃɛk/

check

チェック

Meaning

To examine, inspect, or verify something; also a written order to a bank to pay money.

Example

Please check the report before submitting it.

レポートを提出する前にチェックしてください。

C1 verb ɪmˈbjuː

Imbue

誰かの心にアイデアや感情を深く浸透させる

Meaning

Mixing some idea or feeling deeply into someone's mind

Example

The teacher tried to imbue students with a love for learning.

教師は学生に学びへの愛を伝えようとした。

C1 noun /hɔːrd/

horde

群衆

Meaning

A large group or crowd, especially one that is disorderly or difficult to control.

Example

A horde of fans gathered outside the stadium.

スタジアムの外でファンの群衆が集まりました。

B2 verb /pʌmp/

pump

ポンプする

Meaning

to force liquid or gas to move in a particular direction using a device

Example

They pumped water from the well into the tank.

彼らは井戸からタンクに水をポンプしました。

C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度

Meaning

The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.

Example

The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.

海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。

シームレス

Meaning

A process or service that works without any interruption.

Example

A seamless checkout process improves user satisfaction.

シームレスなチェックアウトプロセスは、ユーザーの満足度を向上させます。