B2 adjective sɪnˈθet̬.ɪk

synthetic

合成の

Meaning

Made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product; artificial.

Example

Synthetic chemicals are used in processed foods.

合成化学物質は加工食品に使用されます。

B2 verb, noun /dɒn/

don

着る / リーダー

Meaning

to put on (an article of clothing); also used as a title for a respected person

Example

She donned her coat before leaving.

彼女は出かける前にコートを着た。

B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

過度の

Meaning

More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.

Example

Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.

過度の人口増加は資源の枯渇を引き起こします。

B2 noun, adjective /tɑːrt/

tart

Meaning

A small pie with a sweet or savory filling; or having a sharp, sour taste.

Example

She served a delicious apple tart for dessert.

B2 adjective /senˈseɪʃənəl/

Sensational

センセーショナル; 印象的; 驚異的

Meaning

causing great excitement or shock; extremely impressive

Example

The sensational performance left the audience speechless.

そのセンセーショナルなパフォーマンスは観客を言葉を失わせました。

B2 adjective /ˈsoʊloʊ/

solo

ソロ

Meaning

performed by one person alone; a single performance

Example

She decided to perform a solo dance at the talent show.

彼女は才能ショーでソロダンスを披露することに決めた。

B2 noun /feɪz/

Phase

段階; 変化や発展の過程での特定の期間または段階

Meaning

a distinct period or stage in a process of change or development

Example

The project is now in its final phase.

プロジェクトは現在最終段階にあります。

B2 noun /klɔː/

Claw

爪

Meaning

sharp curved nail on the foot of an animal or bird

Example

The cat extended its sharp claws to climb the tree.

猫は木に登るために鋭い爪を伸ばした。

B2 adjective /kəmˈpoʊzd/

composed

冷静

Meaning

calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from

Example

He remained composed even under pressure.

彼はプレッシャーの下で冷静さを保ちました。

B2 noun /ˈnuː.kʌm.ər/

New-comer

新参者

Meaning

a person who has recently arrived in a place or joined a group

Example

The newcomer was warmly welcomed by the team.

その新参者はチームによって温かく迎えられました。

B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

ペンネーム

Meaning

a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym

Example

Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.

マーク・トウェインはサミュエル・クレメンズのペンネームでした。

B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

感染

Meaning

the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs

Example

The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.

医師は彼女の喉の細菌感染を治療するために抗生物質を処方しました。

B2 noun /ˈmɪks.tʃər/

Mixture

混合物

Meaning

a combination of different substances or elements

Example

The cake batter is a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk.

ケーキの生地は小麦粉、卵、牛乳の混合物です。

B2 noun /ˈliːtər/

litre

リットル

Meaning

a metric unit of volume equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters; commonly used to measure liquids

Example

She bought a litre of milk from the shop.

彼女は店で1リットルの牛乳を買いました。

B2 verb, noun /ˈtæk.əl/

tackle

Meaning

to try to deal with or solve a difficult problem; to physically stop someone in sports by knocking them down

Example

The coach taught the players how to tackle properly.

B2 noun/verb /hɜːrd/

herd

Meaning

a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together; or to gather animals into a group.

Example

The shepherd herded the sheep into the pen.

B2 adjective /ˌmɛtrəˈpɑːlɪtən/

metropolitan

大都市

Meaning

Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.

Example

She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities.

彼女はより良い仕事の機会のために大都市エリアに引っ越しました。

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/

underestimate

過小評価する

Meaning

To judge something as less important or smaller than it really is.

Example

Never underestimate the power of teamwork.

決してチームワークの力を過小評価しないでください。

B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

化学廃棄物

Meaning

Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.

Example

Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.

化学廃棄物は水域を汚染します。

B2 noun /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/

parenting

育児

Meaning

The care and training a child receives while growing up, involving the development of their mental, physical, and social aspects.

Example

Effective parenting helps children develop confidence and independence.

効果的な育児は、子供たちが自信と独立心を育むのを助けます。

B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

難民

Meaning

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Example

The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.

難民キャンプは、何千人もの避難した家族に一時的な避難所を提供しました。

B2 noun /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/

database

データベース

Meaning

a structured collection of data stored and accessed electronically

Example

The company's customer details are stored in a secure database.

会社の顧客情報は安全なデータベースに保存されています。

B2 noun /ˈtɛmpoʊ/

tempo

テンポ, リズム

Meaning

The speed or pace at which a piece of music or activity is performed.

Example

The band played the song at a faster tempo than usual.

バンドは普段よりも速いテンポで曲を演奏しました。

B2 noun /dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪtər/

denominator

分母

Meaning

the number below the line in a fraction; a common factor in a situation

Example

In the fraction 3/4, the number 4 is the denominator.

3/4の分数では、4は分母です。

B2 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪv/

Selective

選択的

Meaning

relating to or involving careful selection; choosy about what to accept

Example

The university has a selective admission process for new students.

大学には新入生のための選択的な入学プロセスがあります。

B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

岩だらけの; 不安定な; 難しい

Meaning

full of rocks; unsteady; difficult

Example

The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.

岩だらけの道は観光客のハイキングを難しくしました。

B2 noun /ˈtɛrərɪst/

terrorist

テロリスト

Meaning

a person who uses violence or threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes

Example

The terrorist was arrested by the police after the attack.

テロリストは攻撃後、警察に逮捕されました。

B2 adjective /liːn/

Lean

細い; 脂肪が少ない; 弱い

Meaning

thin; having little fat; weak

Example

He has a lean and muscular body.

彼は細くて筋肉質の体をしています。

B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

反射的; 思慮深い; 光や画像を反射できる

Meaning

thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images

Example

After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.

会議の後、彼は反射的な気分だった。

B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

アメニティ

Meaning

a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place

Example

The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.

アパートには快適な生活のために必要なすべてのアメニティがあります。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

海賊行為

Meaning

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material

Example

Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.

ソフトウェアの海賊行為は毎年企業に数十億ドルの損失をもたらします。

B2 adjective /ˈæp.lɪ.kə.bəl/

applicable

適用可能

Meaning

Relevant or appropriate in a particular situation.

Example

This rule is applicable to eye care too.

このルールは目のケアにも適用されます。

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

やりすぎる

Meaning

to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess

Example

Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.

初日はジムで運動をやりすぎないでください。

B2 adjective /ˈrɪtʃ.u.əl/

Ritual

儀式

Meaning

relating to religious or ceremonial practices

Example

The wedding ceremony included many traditional ritual elements.

結婚式では多くの伝統的な儀式が行われました。

B2 noun ˌvɒlənˈtɪər ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

volunteer organization

ボランティア団体

Meaning

A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.

Example

BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling.

BD Cleanはリサイクルを推進するボランティア団体です。

B2 noun /ˈpæθweɪ/

pathway

小道

Meaning

a route or course along which something travels or progresses

Example

The narrow pathway led to the hidden garden.

狭い小道が隠れた庭へと続いていた。

B2 noun/verb /ˈsoʊ.ɪŋ/

sewing

裁縫

Meaning

The activity or skill of joining fabric using a needle and thread

Example

She enjoys sewing her own clothes on weekends.

彼女は週末に自分の服を裁縫するのを楽しみます。

B2 noun /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/

archaeology

考古学

Meaning

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains

Example

She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations.

彼女は古代文明について学ぶために考古学を学びました。

B2 adjective /ˌpeɪ.triˈɑː.tɪk/

Patriotic

愛国的な

Meaning

showing love for one's country

Example

The patriotic citizens celebrated Independence Day with great enthusiasm.

愛国的な市民たちは独立記念日を大きな熱意で祝いました。

B2 verb /ˈɪnəveɪt/

innovate

革新

Meaning

To introduce new methods, ideas, or products.

Example

The company must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.

その企業は競争相手を追い越すために革新を続けなければならない。

B2 adjective /əkˈsɛsəbl/

accessible

アクセス可能

Meaning

easy to reach, use, or understand

Example

The museum is easily accessible by public transport.

その博物館は公共交通機関で簡単にアクセス可能です。

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

重要な方法で

Meaning

in a way that is of great significance or value

Example

Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.

重要な方法で、報告書は即時の行動の必要性を強調しました。

B2 noun, verb /ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt/

institute

インスティチュート

Meaning

as a noun, an organization founded for a specific purpose; as a verb, to establish or initiate

Example

The university decided to institute new rules for the library.

大学は図書館のために新しいルールを設立することを決定しました。

B2 noun /skrɪpt/

script

脚本

Meaning

The written text of a play, film, or broadcast; handwriting style.

Example

The actor memorized his lines from the script.

俳優は脚本からセリフを覚えました。

B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

振動

Meaning

a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation

Example

The phone's vibration woke me up.

電話の振動で目が覚めた。

B2 adverb /sɪˈvɪərli/

severely

ひどく

Meaning

to a great degree; very seriously or harshly

Example

The patient was severely injured in the accident.

患者は事故でひどく負傷しました。

B2 verb /feɪd/

fade

色あせる

Meaning

To gradually lose brightness, color, or strength.

Example

The colors of the old photo have started to fade.

古い写真の色が薄れてきた。

B2 adjective /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/

plausible

もっともらしい、または可能性がある

Meaning

Seeming reasonable or probable; credible or believable.

Example

His excuse seemed plausible, but I had my doubts.

彼の言い訳はもっともらしく見えたが、私は疑念を抱いていた。

B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

切望する

Meaning

to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing

Example

He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.

海外に引っ越した後、彼は故郷を切望していた。

B2 adjective /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd/

specialized

専門的な

Meaning

designed or developed for a particular purpose or function

Example

He has a specialized knowledge of ancient civilizations.

彼は古代文明に関する専門的な知識を持っています。

B2 adverb /ˈnæʃənəli/

nationally

全国的に

Meaning

at the level of a whole nation; in a way that involves or affects an entire country

Example

The policy was implemented nationally to ensure equal benefits for all citizens.

その政策は、すべての市民に平等な利益を確保するため、全国的に実施された。

B2 noun ˈskruːtɪni

scrutiny

詳細な調査

Meaning

Critical observation or examination

Example

The new law is under scrutiny by the legislative body.

新しい法律は立法機関による詳細な調査の下にあります。

B2 noun, verb /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

discourse

談話, 講義

Meaning

Written or spoken communication or debate.

Example

The professor gave a discourse on ancient philosophy.

教授は古代哲学についての講義を行った。

B2 adjective /ˈveɪ.kənt/

Vacant

空いている; 未使用; 利用可能

Meaning

empty; not occupied; available

Example

There is a vacant apartment on the second floor.

2階には空いているアパートがあります。

B2 adjective /dɪˈbeɪtəbl̩/

debatable

議論の余地がある

Meaning

open to discussion or doubt; not certain

Example

It is debatable whether the policy will work.

その政策が機能するかどうかは議論の余地がある。

B2 noun /ˈpɪk.səl/

pixel

デジタル画像またはディスプレイの最小単位

Meaning

the smallest unit of a digital image or display

Example

The image is blurry because some pixels are missing.

画像がぼやけているのは、いくつかのピクセルが欠けているからです。

B2 verb /dæʃ/

dash

Meaning

to move quickly and suddenly; to strike or break something violently

Example

She dashed across the street to catch the bus.

B2 noun /ˈruːdnəs/

Rudeness

無礼

Meaning

the quality of being impolite, discourteous, or offensive in behavior or speech

Example

His rudeness shocked everyone at the dinner party.

彼の無礼さはディナーパーティーで皆を驚かせました。

B2 verb /əˈkʌstəm/

accustom

慣れる

Meaning

to make someone familiar with something through regular experience or use

Example

It took him a while to accustom himself to the new environment.

新しい環境に慣れるのに少し時間がかかりました。

B2 noun /spæn/

span

スパン

Meaning

the full extent or length of something from one end to another

Example

The bridge has a span of over 500 meters.

橋のスパンは500メートル以上です。

B2 adjective /ˈbruː.təl/

brutal

残酷

Meaning

extremely cruel or harsh; violent and without feeling

Example

The dictator’s rule was marked by brutal violence.

独裁者の統治は残酷な暴力によって特徴付けられていた。

B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

回避

Meaning

the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation

Example

Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.

難しい会話を回避すると、後でより大きな問題を生むことがある。

B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

序文

Meaning

an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work

Example

The author explained his motivation in the preface.

著者は序文で自分の動機を説明しました。

B2 adjective /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/

Blazing

燃えるような; 激しい

Meaning

burning fiercely; extremely hot; very bright

Example

The blazing sun made the day extremely hot.

燃えるような太陽はその日を非常に暑くした。

B2 noun /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

evolution

進化

Meaning

the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form

Example

The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.

進化論は、種が時間とともにどのように変化するかを説明しています。

B2 noun/verb /ˈkwɒr.ən.tiːn/

quarantine

隔離

Meaning

A period of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.

Example

The travelers were placed in quarantine for two weeks.

旅行者は2週間の隔離にされました。

B2 noun /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/

weightlifting

重量挙げ

Meaning

the sport or activity of lifting heavy weights to build strength and muscle

Example

Weightlifting requires discipline, proper technique, and consistent training.

重量挙げには規律と正しい技術が必要です。

B2 noun /ˈbaɪoʊ ˌdeɪtə/

Bio-data

履歴書

Meaning

biographical data; a resume or curriculum vitae containing personal and professional information

Example

Please submit your bio-data along with the job application.

履歴書を求人応募書類と一緒に提出してください。

B2 verb /ˈbætər/

batter

繰り返し打つ

Meaning

To strike repeatedly with force.

Example

The waves battered the shoreline all night.

波が一晩中海岸を打ちました。

B2 noun ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ

critical thinking

批判的思考

Meaning

The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.

Example

Critical thinking helps in making informed decisions.

批判的思考は情報に基づいた意思決定に役立ちます。

B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

ありふれた

Meaning

ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found

Example

Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.

スマートフォンは現代生活でありふれたものになった。

B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

筏

Meaning

A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.

Example

They built a raft to cross the river.

彼らは川を渡るために筏を作った。

B2 adjective ɪkˈsplɪsɪt

explicit

明確

Meaning

Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.

Example

The instructions were explicit, leaving no room for confusion.

指示は明確で、混乱の余地はありませんでした。

B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːdɪd/

Excluded

除外された; 追放された

Meaning

not included; left out; barred from participation

Example

He felt excluded from the group activities and conversations.

彼はグループ活動や会話から除外されたと感じていた。

B2 noun /kənˈvɜː.ʃən/

Conversion

コンバージョン, 変化, 変換

Meaning

The process of changing or causing something to change from one form to another.

Example

High website conversion rates indicate effective marketing.

ウェブサイトのコンバージョン率の高さは、効果的なマーケティングを示しています。

B2 noun /ˈkæʃ.uː nʌt/

Cashew Nut

カシューナッツ

Meaning

a kidney-shaped nut with a creamy texture and mild flavor

Example

Cashew nuts are often used in cooking and as a healthy snack.

カシューナッツは、料理や健康的なおやつに使われることがよくあります。

B2 adjective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

prospective

将来性のある

Meaning

likely or expected to happen in the future; potential

Example

The company is meeting with prospective clients next week.

その会社は来週、将来性のあるクライアントと会う予定です。

B2 verb ɪˈrɛktɪŋ

erecting

建設する

Meaning

To build; construct; set up in a vertical position.

Example

The workers were erecting a new building downtown.

労働者たちは市街地で新しい建物を建てていました。

B2 noun /ˈpeɪtrən/

patron

後援者

Meaning

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause

Example

The library is supported by generous patrons.

図書館は寛大な後援者によって支えられています。

B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

コーディネーター

Meaning

a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together

Example

The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.

イベントのコーディネーターはすべてを完璧に管理しました。

B2 noun /ˈfʊtɪdʒ/

footage

ビデオ録画

Meaning

a recorded film or video, especially one that is used for news or documentaries

Example

The footage of the protest was shown on television all day.

抗議の映像は一日中テレビで放送されました。

B2 noun /ˈdoʊnər/

donor

ドナー

Meaning

A person who gives something, especially to a charity or cause.

Example

The donor contributed generously to the hospital’s new wing.

ドナーは病院の新しい翼に寛大に寄付しました。

B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

制限する

Meaning

To limit the size, amount, or range of something.

Example

The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.

政府はプラスチック袋の使用を制限することを決定しました。

B2 noun /fɔːrt/

Fort

砦

Meaning

a strong building or group of buildings where soldiers live and defend

Example

The ancient fort stood on top of the hill for centuries.

古代のフォートは何世代にもわたって丘の上に立っていました。

B2 adjective /leɪm/

Lame

足が不自由; 病気

Meaning

unable to walk normally because of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot; weak and unconvincing

Example

The injured horse was lame and couldn't walk properly.

怪我をした馬は足を引きずり、正常に歩くことができなかった。

B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

proposition

提案, 計画

Meaning

A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.

Example

The company made a business proposition to the investors.

会社は投資家にビジネスの提案をしました。

B2 adjective /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl/

optimal

最適、最良

Meaning

Best or most favorable; the most effective under particular conditions.

Example

The optimal temperature for plant growth is around 25°C.

植物の成長に最適な温度は約25°Cです。

B2 verb /rɪˈnuː/

renew

Meaning

to make something new again or extend its period of validity

Example

I need to renew my passport before traveling.

B2 noun /ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/

activism

アクティビズム

Meaning

The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Example

Her environmental activism inspired many young people to take action.

彼女の環境アクティビズムは多くの若者に行動を促した。

B2 adjective ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl

ecological

エコロジカル

Meaning

Relating to ecology or the environment.

Example

Deforestation threatens the ecological balance of the planet.

森林伐採は地球の生態学的バランスを脅かしています。

B2 adjective /rɪˈɡret.ə.bəl/

Regrettable

残念な; 失望させる; 悲しい

Meaning

causing or deserving regret; unfortunate; deplorable

Example

It is regrettable that so many talented people left the company.

こんなに多くの才能ある人々が会社を辞めたのは残念です。

B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

修正する

Meaning

to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify

Example

They amended the contract to include new terms.

彼らは契約を修正して新しい条項を追加しました。

B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

任意

Meaning

not compulsory; left to choice

Example

Wearing a tie is optional for this event.

このイベントではネクタイの着用は任意です。

B2 adjective /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/

fundamental

Meaning

forming a necessary base or core; of central importance

Example

Honesty is a fundamental principle of good leadership.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈhɜːd/

Unheard

聞かれなかった; 未知の

Meaning

not heard or listened to; not given a hearing; unknown or unfamiliar

Example

His complaints went unheard by the management.

彼の苦情は経営陣に無視されました。

B2 noun /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Vaccination

ワクチン接種

Meaning

the process of giving a vaccine to a person or animal to protect them against a disease

Example

Children receive vaccination against measles at an early age.

子供たちは幼い頃に麻疹の予防接種を受けます。

B2 noun /əˈfɛns/

offense

犯罪

Meaning

an illegal act; a crime

Example

The offense was committed in broad daylight.

その罪は昼間に犯されました。

B2 verb /ˈbænɪʃ/

banish

追放する

Meaning

to send someone away from a place as punishment; to get rid of

Example

The king banished the traitor from the kingdom.

王は裏切り者を王国から追放した。

B2 noun /ˈɪn.vɔɪs/

Invoice

請求書

Meaning

a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these

Example

The company sent an invoice for the office supplies delivered last week.

会社は先週配送されたオフィス用品の請求書を送付しました。

B2 verb /ˈɔːθəraɪz/

authorize

承認する

Meaning

to give official permission or approval for something

Example

The manager will authorize the payment tomorrow.

マネージャーは明日支払いを承認します。

B2 verb /saɪt/

cite

引用する

Meaning

to quote; to mention as an example or proof

Example

The lawyer cites relevant case law.

弁護士は関連する判例法を引用します。

B2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ən/

alien

エイリアン

Meaning

Belonging to a foreign country or nation; extraterrestrial.

Example

The telescope is capable of detecting alien signals.

望遠鏡はエイリアンの信号を検出することができます。

B2 verb /ˌriːjuˈnaɪt/

reunite

再会する

Meaning

to bring together again after separation

Example

The family was reunited after many years.

その家族は何年も後に再会しました。

B2 noun /kənˈstreɪnt/

constraint

制約

Meaning

a limitation or restriction

Example

Time is the biggest constraint in completing the project.

プロジェクトを完了するための最大の制約は時間です。

B2 noun /ˈwel.wɪʃ.ər/

Well-wisher

ウェルウィッシャー

Meaning

a person who desires happiness or success for another

Example

Many well-wishers came to congratulate her on her graduation.

多くのウェルウィッシャーが彼女の卒業を祝うために来ました。

B2 noun /ˈten.dən.si/

Tendency

傾向

Meaning

an inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior

Example

She has a tendency to arrive late for meetings.

彼女は会議に遅れて到着する傾向があります。

B2 noun/verb /flɑːk/

flock

群れ

Meaning

a group of birds or animals; to gather or move in a crowd

Example

Tourists flocked to the beach during summer.

観光客は夏にビーチに集まりました。

B2 noun/verb /ˈfɒs.tər.ɪŋ/

fostering

育成

Meaning

The process of encouraging or promoting the development or growth of something; nurturing and caring for.

Example

Good teachers play a key role in fostering creativity in students.

良い教師は学生の創造性を育む上で重要な役割を果たします。

B2 verb /dɪˈfaɪ/

defy

挑戦する

Meaning

to openly resist or refuse to obey someone or something; to challenge or dare someone to do something

Example

The protesters continued to defy the government's ban on public gatherings.

抗議者たちは政府の公共集会禁止令に対して引き続き挑戦しました。

B2 noun /ˈwɪd.oʊ/

Widow

未亡人

Meaning

a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again

Example

The widow received support from her family and community.

未亡人は家族とコミュニティから支援を受けました。

B2 noun, verb /sɪn/

sin

罪

Meaning

an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law; to commit an offense against religious or moral law

Example

He confessed his sin to the priest.

彼は神父に自分の罪を告白しました。

B2 adjective, adverb /ˈlɒŋ taɪm/

long-time

長年の

Meaning

lasting or existing for a long period of time; having continued for many years

Example

She is a long-time friend of my family.

彼女は私の家族の長年の友人です。

B2 noun, verb /bɒb/

bob

上下に揺れる

Meaning

a short sudden movement up and down; to move quickly up and down

Example

The small boat began to bob on the waves.

小さなボートは波の上で上下に揺れ始めた。

B2 verb /nɪˈɡlekt/

neglect

無視する

Meaning

to fail to care for or give attention to something

Example

Don't neglect your health while studying.

勉強中に健康を無視しないでください。

B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

市民

Meaning

a person not in the armed forces or police

Example

The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.

その地域は市民を守るために避難されました。

B2 verb /ɪˈnækt/

enact

制定する

Meaning

to make into law; to perform or act out

Example

The government decided to enact a new policy on education.

政府は教育に関する新しい政策を制定することを決定しました。

B2 verb /ˈɔːltər/

alter

変更する

Meaning

to change or modify something slightly but significantly

Example

She decided to alter her dress to make it fit better.

彼女はドレスをより良くするために変更することを決めました。

B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

商品

Meaning

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

Example

Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.

石油は世界市場で貴重な商品です。

B2 adjective /ˈpleɪfəl/

playful

遊び好きな, 活発な

Meaning

full of fun and high spirits; lively

Example

The puppy was very playful, running around the garden.

子犬はとても遊び好きで、庭を走り回っていました。

B2 verb /ˌriːˈbɪld/

rebuild

再建する

Meaning

to build something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

Example

The villagers worked together to rebuild the bridge after the flood.

村人たちは洪水の後、橋を再建するために協力しました。

B2 verb /ˈdɑːrkən/

darken

暗くする

Meaning

to make or become dark; to reduce brightness or light

Example

The clouds began to darken the sky before the storm.

嵐の前に雲が空を暗くし始めた。