swill
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C2 verb /swɪl/

swill

がぶがぶ飲む
Meaning
to drink something greedily or in large amounts
Example
He swilled down the beer in seconds.
彼は数秒でビールを飲み干した。
C2 noun /broʊɡ/

brogue

丈夫な靴; アクセント
Meaning
A strong outdoor shoe; also a marked accent, especially Irish or Scottish.
Example
He bought a pair of stylish brogues for the wedding.
彼は結婚式のためにおしゃれなブローグを買いました。
C2 noun /ˈʃɪbəˌlɛθ/

shibboleth

特定のグループを識別するための表現や信念
Meaning
A custom, phrase, or belief distinguishing a particular group of people, often used to identify outsiders.
Example
The phrase became a political shibboleth during the campaign.
そのフレーズはキャンペーン中に政治的なシボレスとなった。
C2 adjective /ˈstraɪ.eɪ.tɪd/

striated

縞目模様の
Meaning
marked with thin lines, grooves, or stripes
Example
The muscle fibers appeared striated under the microscope.
顕微鏡で筋肉の繊維が縞目模様のように見えました。
C2 noun /dɪˈfoʊliənt/

defoliant

Meaning
a chemical that causes leaves to drop from plants, often used in warfare or agriculture
Example
The army sprayed defoliant to clear the forest cover.
C2 adjective /ˈfjuːzəbl/

fusible

融解可能な
Meaning
Capable of being melted or fused.
Example
The engineer used a fusible alloy in the experiment.
エンジニアは実験で融解可能な合金を使用しました。
C2 adjective /ˈʌndjʊleɪtɪŋ/

undulating

波打つ
Meaning
Having a smoothly rising and falling form or motion like waves.
Example
We drove through undulating hills.
私たちは起伏のある丘をドライブしました。
C2 noun /ˈdoʊtɪdʒ/

dotage

老年
Meaning
The period of old age, especially when one is weak or senile.
Example
He spent his dotage reminiscing about his youth.
彼は晩年を若い頃を思い出して過ごしました。
C2 noun /ˈlɪniəmənt/

lineament

特徴
Meaning
A distinctive feature or characteristic, especially of the face.
Example
Her delicate lineaments revealed her noble birth.
彼女の繊細な特徴は彼女の高貴な誕生を明らかにしました。
C2 noun /ˌmɑːhəˈrɑːdʒə/

maharaja

マハラジャ
Meaning
A great king, especially a ruler of one of the principal states in India.
Example
The maharaja lived in a grand palace surrounded by gardens.
マハラジャは庭園に囲まれた豪華な宮殿に住んでいました。
C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.pən ˈhæn.dɪd/

Open-handed

寛大な; 自由な
Meaning
Generous; liberal; giving freely;
Example
He is very open-handed with his money and always helps those in need.
彼は自分の金に非常に寛大で、いつも困っている人々を助けています。
C2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Irruption

突然の暴力的な侵入; 侵略または襲撃; 突然の噴出または噴火
Meaning
a sudden violent entry; an invasion or raid; a sudden outburst or eruption
Example
The army's irruption into enemy territory caught the opposing forces completely off guard.
軍隊の敵領土へのイラプションは、相手の力を完全に不意を突いた。
C2 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl/

metaphysical

形而上学的
Meaning
Relating to the branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality and existence.
Example
He spent years studying metaphysical questions about life and being.
彼は人生と存在に関する形而上学的な問題を何年も研究しました。
C2 noun /əˈkwɪtəns/

acquittance

領収書
Meaning
a written receipt acknowledging payment or discharge of a debt
Example
He demanded an acquittance after paying the loan.
彼はローンを支払った後で、領収書を要求した。
C2 adjective /əˈsɛt.ɪk/

ascetic

禁欲的
Meaning
Practicing strict self-denial and abstaining from worldly pleasures, often for religious reasons.
Example
He lived an ascetic life in the mountains, far from worldly comforts.
彼は山の中で禁欲的な生活を送り、世俗的な快適さから遠ざかっていた。
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbər/

belabor

Meaning
to argue or elaborate on a subject in excessive detail; to attack verbally or physically
Example
The professor belabored the point until the students grew restless.
C2 verb /əˈkɒst/

accost

強引に話しかける
Meaning
to approach and speak to someone boldly or aggressively
Example
The reporter was accosted by protesters outside the courthouse.
報道陣は裁判所の外で抗議者にアコストされた。
C2 adjective /ʌnˈwiːldi/

unwieldy

扱いにくい
Meaning
Difficult to carry or move because of its size, shape, or weight.
Example
The box was too unwieldy to carry up the stairs.
その箱は階段を上がるには重すぎて扱いにくかった。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ/

ingratiating

お世辞を言う
Meaning
Charming or flattering in a way intended to gain favor.
Example
His ingratiating smile made everyone trust him quickly.
彼のお世辞を言う笑顔は、すべての人々に彼を素早く信頼させた。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

不節制な
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
政治家の不節制な発言は論争を引き起こした。
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

格言, 名言
Meaning
A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.
彼のスピーチは人生と成功に関する格言でいっぱいでした。
C2 noun /ˌɛksəˈdʒiːsɪs/

exegesis

注解
Meaning
A critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious scripture.
Example
The professor gave a detailed exegesis of the biblical passage.
教授は聖書の一節の詳細な注解を提供した。
C2 noun /ˈpɔːrtɛnt/

portent

前兆
Meaning
A sign or warning that something, especially something momentous or calamitous, is likely to happen.
Example
The sudden drop in stock prices was seen as a portent of economic trouble.
株価の急落は、経済的な問題の前兆として見なされました。
C2 noun /ˈklævɪkəl/

clavicle

鎖骨
Meaning
the collarbone, a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
Example
He fractured his clavicle in the accident.
彼は事故で鎖骨を骨折した。
C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

販売可能な
Meaning
Capable of being sold; marketable.
Example
Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.
販売可能な商品だけが展示会に出展されました。
C2 noun /sɪˈdɪʃ.ən/

Sedition

反乱罪
Meaning
conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against authority; treason
Example
The activist was charged with sedition for his inflammatory speeches.
活動家はその扇動的な演説のために反乱罪で起訴された。
C2 adjective /ˌseɪpiˈɛnʃəl/

sapiential

知恵に関連する
Meaning
Relating to wisdom or knowledge, often in a religious or philosophical sense.
Example
The monk shared sapiential teachings with his students.
僧侶は学生たちに知恵に関連する教えを共有しました。
C2 verb /ˈlɔɪtər/

loiter

Meaning
To stand or wait around idly without apparent purpose.
Example
The teenagers were told not to loiter outside the shop.
C2 noun /ˈʃɑːrlətən/

charlatan

ペテン師
Meaning
a person who pretends to have knowledge or skills that they do not really possess; a fraud
Example
The so-called healer was exposed as a charlatan.
その自称治療師はペテン師として暴露された。
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

繊細なもの
Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
花嫁のベールは繊細なゴッサマー生地で作られていた。
C2 noun /ˈneɪvəri/

knavery

詐欺
Meaning
dishonest or deceitful behavior; trickery
Example
The politician’s knavery was exposed by the media.
政治家の詐欺はメディアによって暴露された。
C2 noun /lɪˈnoʊ.li.əm/

linoleum

リノリウム
Meaning
a durable, washable floor covering made from solidified linseed oil, wood flour, or cork dust on a canvas backing
Example
They decided to cover the kitchen floor with linoleum.
彼らはキッチンの床をリノリウムで覆うことに決めました。
C2 verb, noun /ˈkweɪvər/

quaver

震える
Meaning
To shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.
Example
Her voice quavered as she spoke before the crowd.
彼女の声は群衆の前で話すとき震えていました。
C2 adjective /ˈfækʃəs/

factious

分裂的な
Meaning
causing disagreement or division within a group; inclined to form factions
Example
The debate became factious, splitting the committee into rival camps.
議論は分裂的になり、委員会は対立する陣営に分かれました。
C2 noun /ˌpæliˈeɪʃən/

palliation

緩和
Meaning
relief of symptoms without curing the underlying disease or problem
Example
Palliation is often the focus of care for terminally ill patients.
緩和ケアは終末期の患者の治療において重要な焦点となります。
C2 noun /ɔːl/

awl

錐
Meaning
a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather
Example
The cobbler used an awl to punch holes in the leather.
靴屋は革に穴を開けるために錐を使った。
C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

小型の船
Meaning
a small boat, often carried by a larger ship
Example
The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.
船員たちは岸に到達するために小型の船を使いました。
C2 adjective /ˌhæfˈhɑːr.tɪd/

halfhearted

やる気がない
Meaning
lacking enthusiasm or determination; unenthusiastic
Example
His halfhearted attempt to study did not bring good results.
彼のやる気がない勉強の試みは良い結果を生まなかった。
C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz/

disabuse

誤解を解く
Meaning
To free someone from a false belief or misconception.
Example
The teacher tried to disabuse the students of their misunderstanding.
先生は生徒たちの誤解を解こうとしました。
C2 verb /deɪn/

deign

自分の尊厳を損ねて何かをする
Meaning
to do something considered beneath one's dignity
Example
The king did not deign to reply to the commoner.
王は平民に返答することをしなかった。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊ.ɪt/ or /ɪnˈkoʊ.eɪt/

inchoate

未完成
Meaning
Just begun and not fully formed; rudimentary.
Example
His inchoate ideas needed more research to be developed.
彼の未完成のアイデアは、さらに開発するためにもっと研究が必要だった。
C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti/

impropriety

不正行為
Meaning
Failure to observe standards of honesty or modesty; improper behavior.
Example
The politician was accused of financial impropriety.
その政治家は財政的不正行為で告発されました。
C2 noun /əˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

agglomeration

集積
Meaning
A mass or collection of things, sometimes clustered together.
Example
The city is an agglomeration of diverse cultures and communities.
その都市はさまざまな文化とコミュニティの集積です。
C2 noun /ˌsɪləbɪˈkeɪʃən/

syllabication

音節分け
Meaning
The division of words into syllables.
Example
Proper syllabication helps in correct pronunciation.
適切な音節分けは正しい発音に役立ちます。
C2 noun /ˈɛlɪdʒi/

elegy

エレジー
Meaning
A poem or song expressing sorrow, especially for someone who has died.
Example
The poet wrote an elegy for his late friend.
詩人は亡き友人のためにエレジーを書きました。
C2 adjective /trænzˈæl.paɪn/

transalpine

アルプスを越えて
Meaning
situated beyond or across the Alps, especially from the viewpoint of Italy
Example
The Romans referred to France as Transalpine Gaul.
ローマ人はフランスをトランザルピン・ガリアと呼んでいました。
C2 noun /əˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

annuity

年金
Meaning
a fixed sum of money paid to someone each year, typically for the rest of their life
Example
She receives an annuity from her late husband's insurance policy.
彼女は故夫の保険契約から年金を受け取っています。
C2 noun /bɛk/

beck

合図 / 小川
Meaning
a gesture of beckoning; a small stream or brook (chiefly Northern English)
Example
The servant came at his master's beck and call.
召使いは主人の合図に即座に来ました。
C2 phrase ˌdʒʊə.rɪs.pruːˈden.ʃəl ˈbentʃ.mɑːk

jurisprudential benchmark

法的基準
Meaning
A legal standard or precedent that serves as a reference point for future legal decisions.
Example
The decision set a jurisprudential benchmark.
その決定は法的基準を設定しました。
C2 noun /ˈfrækɑː/

fracas

騒動
Meaning
A noisy disturbance or quarrel.
Example
The fracas outside the bar drew the attention of the police.
バーの外での騒動が警察の注意を引きました。
C2 verb /ˈvɪlɪfaɪ/

vilify

幸せ
Meaning
to speak or write about someone in an abusive or disparaging manner
Example
The politician was vilified in the media for his controversial remarks.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/

polemics

論争
Meaning
the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute
Example
The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.
会議は経済改革についての論争で満ちていた。
C2 noun /ˈræŋ.kər/

rancor

憎しみ
Meaning
A feeling of deep and bitter anger or resentment.
Example
There was a rancor between the two rivals that never faded.
二人のライバルの間には、決して消えることのない憎しみがあった。
C2 adjective /ˈlaɪðsəm/

lithesome

しなやかで優雅な
Meaning
gracefully flexible and supple
Example
Her lithesome figure allowed her to move like a ballerina.
彼女のしなやかな姿勢は、バレリーナのように動くことを可能にしました。
C2 adjective /mɔːrˈdeɪʃəs/

mordacious

辛辣または皮肉な
Meaning
Sharp or biting in style, tone, or remark; sarcastic.
Example
The critic’s mordacious review offended the author.
批評家の辛辣なレビューは著者を怒らせた。
C2 adjective /ˈfɒp.ɪʃ/

Foppish

自分の外見や服に過剰にこだわる; 服装にうぬぼれがある
Meaning
excessively concerned with one's appearance and clothes; vain about dress
Example
His foppish behavior and expensive clothes made him stand out.
彼のフォピッシュな態度と高価な服は彼を目立たせました。
C2 adjective /trænsˈfjuːzəbl̩/

transfusible

輸血可能
Meaning
capable of being transfused, especially referring to blood or fluids
Example
Only transfusible blood types are used in the hospital.
病院では輸血可能な血液型のみが使用されます。
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzækʃən/

exaction

強制徴収
Meaning
the act of demanding or obtaining something, especially unfairly
Example
The peasants suffered under the king's heavy exactions.
農民たちは王の重い強制徴収の下で苦しんだ。
C2 noun /sneɪk ɡɔːrd/

Snake gourd

ヘビウリ
Meaning
a long, curved vegetable that resembles a snake, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
The snake gourd grows in a twisted, serpentine shape in the garden.
ヘビウリは庭で蛇のような形に曲がりながら育ちます。
C2 verb /kənˈtɛm/

contemn

軽蔑する
Meaning
to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt
Example
He would never contemn honest work, no matter how humble.
彼はどんなに謙虚でも正直な仕事を軽蔑しない。
C2 noun /ʃiːt fɪʃ/

Sheat-fish

ナマズ
Meaning
A large freshwater catfish with a broad flat head and long barbels
Example
The sheat-fish is one of the largest freshwater fish in South Asia.
ナマズは南アジアで最大の淡水魚の一つです。
C2 noun /rɪˈkwaɪtəl/

requital

報復
Meaning
The act of returning something, such as a favor, service, or punishment; repayment or retaliation.
Example
She offered her time in requital for his kindness.
彼女は彼の親切に報復として自分の時間を提供しました。
C2 verb /ˈkɒr.ʌ.skeɪt/

coruscate

きらめく
Meaning
to sparkle or flash brightly
Example
The fireworks coruscated across the night sky.
花火は夜空に向かってきらめいた。
C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

地理学
Meaning
the study of the physical features of the earth's surface
Example
He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.
彼は地域の風景を理解するためにフィジオグラフィーを専門にしていました。
C2 adjective /əˈsɜːrbɪk/

acerbic

辛辣
Meaning
sharp, harsh, or bitter in tone or taste
Example
His acerbic comments offended many people in the meeting.
彼の辛辣なコメントは会議で多くの人々を侮辱しました。
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

内分泌
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
内分泌系は代謝と成長を調節します。
C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs

surreptitious

秘密の
Meaning
Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.
Example
She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.
彼女は彼のノートをひそかに覗き見た。
C2 adjective /sɛpˈtɛnɪəl/

septennial

7年ごとの
Meaning
Occurring every seven years.
Example
The festival is a septennial tradition in the village.
その祭りは村で7年ごとの伝統です。
C2 noun ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti

magnanimity

寛大さ
Meaning
Generosity in forgiving an insult or injury; forbearance.
Example
His magnanimity towards his competitors was admirable.
彼の競争相手への寛大さは賞賛に値した。
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪ/

belay

ロープを固定する
Meaning
to secure a rope by winding it around an object; to stop or cancel an order (nautical/military use)
Example
The climber asked his partner to belay the rope tightly.
クライマーはパートナーにロープをしっかりと確保するように頼んだ。
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

専門用語
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
法律用語では、この言葉は異なる意味を持っています。
C2 adjective /ˈsiːmli/

seemly

適切
Meaning
proper or appropriate in behavior or appearance
Example
It was not seemly to argue loudly during the ceremony.
式典中に大声で議論するのは適切ではありませんでした。
C2 noun /ˌɡæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

gasification

ガス化
Meaning
The process of converting solid or liquid fuel into gas.
Example
Gasification is widely used to produce fuel gas from coal.
ガス化は、石炭から燃料ガスを生産するために広く使用されています。
C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

全装備
Meaning
A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.
Example
The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.
博物館は古代の武器の全装備を展示しました。
C2 adjective /daɪˈdæktɪk/

didactic

教育的な
Meaning
Intended to teach, often with a moral lesson.
Example
The novel is not just entertaining but also didactic in nature.
その小説はただの娯楽ではなく、教育的な性質も持っている。
C2 noun /ˌsaɪ.kəʊˈɡræf.ɪks/

Psychographics

人々の態度、願望、その他の心理的基準に基づいて人々を研究し分類すること
Meaning
The study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.
Example
Psychographics reveal consumer buying motives.
サイコグラフィックスは消費者の購買動機を明らかにします。
C2 verb /pɜːrl/

purl

ささやくような音で流れる
Meaning
To knit with a purl stitch; to flow with a murmuring sound (as a stream).
Example
The brook purled softly through the meadow.
小川は草地を静かに流れた。
C2 noun /ˈʌŋɡwənt/

unguent

軟膏
Meaning
A soothing or healing ointment applied to the skin.
Example
The doctor applied an unguent to heal the burn.
医者は火傷を治すために軟膏を塗った。
C2 adjective /ˈblæs.fə.məs/

blasphemous

冒涜的
Meaning
showing disrespect or lack of reverence for God or sacred things
Example
The book was banned for its blasphemous content.
その本は冒涜的な内容のため禁止されました。
C2 noun /tɑːrn/

tarn

山間の湖
Meaning
A small mountain lake or pool.
Example
We camped near a tranquil tarn in the highlands.
私たちは高原で静かな山間の湖の近くにキャンプをしました。
C2 adjective /ˈmiːli ˌmaʊðd/

mealy-mouthed

うわべだけの
Meaning
Unwilling to speak directly and honestly; insincere or evasive in speech.
Example
The manager gave a mealy-mouthed excuse instead of admitting the mistake.
マネージャーは間違いを認める代わりに、うわべだけの言い訳をしました。
C2 noun /məˈʃiː.nɪst/

machinist

機械工
Meaning
a person who operates machine tools or makes and repairs machines
Example
The machinist carefully adjusted the gears on the lathe.
マシニストは旋盤のギアを慎重に調整しました。
C2 noun /ˈslæt.ən/

slattern

だらしない女性
Meaning
a woman who is untidy or slovenly in appearance or habits
Example
The house looked as if a slattern lived there.
その家は、だらしない女性が住んでいるように見えた。
C2 verb /ˈɑːblɪˌɡeɪt/

obligate

強制する
Meaning
to bind legally or morally; to compel someone to do something
Example
The contract obligates the company to provide timely service.
契約は会社にタイムリーなサービスを提供することを義務付けます。
C2 adjective /əbˈstrɛpərəs/

obstreperous

騒がしくて制御が難しい
Meaning
Noisy and difficult to control.
Example
The obstreperous students disrupted the class.
騒がしい学生たちが授業を妨害した。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri/

incendiary

扇動的な / 挑発的な
Meaning
designed to cause fires or stir up conflict
Example
The politician’s incendiary remarks angered the crowd.
政治家の挑発的な発言が群衆を怒らせた。
C2 noun /krəˈdjuːlɪti/

credulity

信じやすさ
Meaning
A tendency to be too ready to believe that something is real or true.
Example
The scam succeeded because of the victim's credulity.
詐欺は被害者の信じやすさのおかげで成功した。
C2 adjective /ˈlæk.ti.əl/

lacteal

ミルクに関連するまたはミルクのような
Meaning
Relating to or resembling milk; conveying chyle or milky fluid.
Example
The lacteal vessels in the small intestine absorb dietary fats.
小腸の乳腺血管が食事の脂肪を吸収します。
C2 adjective rɪˈtɛn.tɪv

retentive

記憶力が強い
Meaning
Having strong memory or the ability to retain information for a long time.
Example
Students with a retentive memory excel in academics.
記憶力が強い学生は学業で優れています。
C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

ユーモア
Meaning
a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture
Example
The children laughed at the clown’s antics.
子供たちはクラウンのユーモアに笑いました。
C2 adjective /ˈbɒni/

Bonny

美しい; かわいい; 楽しい
Meaning
cheerful; pretty; attractive
Example
The bonny child played happily in the garden.
美しい子供は庭で幸せに遊んでいました。
C2 adjective /ˈfɜːr.vɪd/

Fervid

情熱的な; 非常に熱心な; 感情で燃えている
Meaning
passionate; intensely enthusiastic; burning with emotion
Example
She gave a fervid speech about environmental protection.
彼女は環境保護についての熱烈なスピーチをしました。
C2 noun /ˈmɪlɪt/

millet

ヒエ
Meaning
a small-seeded grass cultivated as a cereal crop
Example
Millet is often used as food in rural areas.
ミレットは農村地域で食品としてよく使われます。
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.li.oʊ/

folio

大きな本や写本
Meaning
A sheet of paper folded once to form two leaves (four pages) of a book; also a term for a large book or manuscript.
Example
The library houses an ancient Shakespeare folio.
図書館には古いシェイクスピアのフォリオがあります。
C2 adjective /ˌæpəˈplɛktɪk/

apoplectic

アポプレクティック
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
He was apoplectic when he heard about the unfair decision.
彼は不公平な決定について聞いたとき、アポプレクティックでした。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

微細な
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
そのエラーは非常に微細で、結果に影響を与えることはありませんでした。
C2 verb /aʊtˈraɪd/

outride

追い越す
Meaning
to ride faster, farther, or better than someone else
Example
The young rider managed to outride his competitors in the race.
若いライダーはレースで競技者たちを追い越しました。
C2 noun /troʊθ/

troth

誓い, 忠誠
Meaning
Faith or loyalty when pledged in a solemn agreement or vow, especially in marriage.
Example
He pledged his troth to her before the gathering.
彼は集会の前に彼女に誓いを立てた。
C2 noun /dɪˈbɛntʃər/

debenture

社債
Meaning
a type of debt instrument not secured by physical assets or collateral
Example
The company raised capital by issuing debentures to investors.
その会社は投資家に社債を発行して資本を調達した。
C2 noun /ɡruːəl/

Gruel

おかゆ
Meaning
a thin liquid food of oatmeal or another meal boiled in milk or water
Example
The sick patient could only eat gruel.
病気の患者はお粥しか食べられなかった。
C2 verb /ˈbæstərdaɪz/

bastardize

歪める
Meaning
to corrupt or debase something by altering it from its original form; to change in a way that reduces quality or purity
Example
Critics argue that the remake bastardized the original novel.
批評家たちはそのリメイクが原作を歪めたと言っている。
C2 noun /ˈmɪsəl/

missal

ミサの書
Meaning
a book containing the texts used in the Catholic Mass throughout the year
Example
The priest read from the missal during the ceremony.
祭司は儀式中にミサの書から読んでいました。
C2 noun /ˈfɛndər/

fender

フェンダー
Meaning
a part of a vehicle that frames a wheel well to protect against mud or debris
Example
The car's fender was dented in the accident.
車のフェンダーは事故でへこんでしまいました。
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
C2 noun /ˈluːkər/

lucre

利益
Meaning
money, especially when regarded as sordid or gained dishonorably
Example
He was motivated more by lucre than by duty.
彼は義務よりも利益に動機づけられていました。
C2 noun /hoʊ/

Hoe

クワ
Meaning
a gardening tool with a thin metal blade used for breaking up soil and removing weeds
Example
The farmer used a hoe to remove weeds from his vegetable garden.
農夫は野菜畑から雑草を取り除くためにクワを使いました。
C2 adjective /ˈflæs.ɪd/

Flaccid

しなびた; やわらかい; 弛んだ;
Meaning
soft and limp; lacking firmness; drooping
Example
The plant's leaves became flaccid after days without water.
水がない数日後、植物の葉がしなびました。
C2 verb /ˈhɛktər/

hector

脅して話す
Meaning
To talk to someone in a bullying or intimidating way.
Example
The manager hectored the staff into working overtime.
マネージャーはスタッフに残業をさせるために脅しました。
C2 adjective /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/

loquacious

おしゃべりな
Meaning
tending to talk a great deal; very talkative
Example
The loquacious child entertained everyone with endless stories.
おしゃべりな子供は、終わりのない物語で皆を楽しませた。
C2 adjective kaɪˈmɛr.ɪ.kəl

chimerical

空想的、不可能な
Meaning
Illusory or impossible to achieve; existing only in imagination.
Example
His chimerical ideas often baffled realists.
彼の空想的なアイデアはしばしば現実主義者を困惑させました。
C2 adjective /ˈɛstɪməbl/

estimable

尊敬すべき
Meaning
Worthy of great respect.
Example
Her estimable achievements inspired the whole community.
彼女の尊敬に値する業績はコミュニティ全体にインスピレーションを与えました。
C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

アンチストロフィー (修辞法の一つ)
Meaning
A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.
Example
The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.
詩人は繰り返されるフレーズを強調するためにアンチストロフィーを使用しました。
C2 verb /ˈbækbaɪt/

backbite

陰口を言う
Meaning
to speak negatively about someone who is not present; to slander behind someone’s back
Example
It is wrong to backbite your colleagues behind their backs.
同僚の陰口を言うのはよくない。
C2 adjective /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnət/

determinate

確定的
Meaning
having exact and definite limits or form
Example
The contract is for a determinate period of two years.
契約は2年間の確定した期間です。
C2 verb /dɪsˈtɛnd/

distend

膨張する
Meaning
to swell or expand by pressure from within
Example
Her stomach began to distend after the large meal.
大きな食事の後、彼女のお腹は膨らみ始めました。
C2 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪst/

liberalist

リベラリスト
Meaning
a person who supports liberal ideas and principles
Example
He is a well-known liberalist advocating human rights.
彼は人権を擁護することで知られるリベラリストです。
C2 noun /kɒˈkeɪd/

cockade

リボンのロゼット
Meaning
a rosette or knot of ribbon, usually worn on a hat as a badge of office or party
Example
The soldier wore a red cockade on his cap.
兵士は帽子に赤いリボンのロゼットを付けていました。
C2 verb /lʌɡ/

lug

Meaning
to carry or drag something heavy or cumbersome with effort
Example
He had to lug the suitcase up three flights of stairs.
C2 adjective /ˌɛvəˈnɛsənt/

evanescent

儚い
Meaning
Quickly fading or disappearing; lasting for only a very short time.
Example
The beauty of the sunset was evanescent, fading within minutes.
夕日の美しさは儚く、数分で消えてしまった。
C2 verb /ˈdæli/

dally

無駄にする
Meaning
To act or move slowly; to waste time; also to engage in a casual romantic relationship.
Example
He dallied in the garden instead of starting his work.
彼は仕事を始める代わりに庭で時間を無駄にしていました。
C2 adjective /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/

concomitant

随伴
Meaning
Naturally accompanying or associated with something.
Example
Increased stress is often concomitant with long working hours.
増加したストレスは長時間の労働時間としばしば伴います。