surety
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C2 noun /ˈʃʊərəti/

surety

保証人
Meaning
a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, such as appearing in court or paying a debt
Example
The landlord required a surety before renting the apartment.
家主はアパートを貸す前に保証人を要求しました。
B2 noun /ˈpʌŋk.tʃər/

Puncture

パンク
Meaning
a small hole in a tire that causes air to escape
Example
I had to fix a puncture in my bicycle tire this morning.
今朝、自転車のタイヤのパンクを修理しなければなりませんでした。
B2 noun /frɔːd/

Fraud

詐欺
Meaning
wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain
Example
The company was investigated for credit card fraud and money laundering.
その会社はクレジットカード詐欺とマネーロンダリングで調査されました。
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

裏切りの
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
スパイは裏切りの行動で処刑されました。
A1 adverb /əˈweɪ/

Away

遠く
Meaning
to or at a distance; not present; absent
Example
He walked away from the noisy crowd.
彼は騒がしい群衆から離れました。
C2 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthral

魅了する
Meaning
To captivate or hold someone’s full attention.
Example
The magician’s performance enthralled the audience.
マジシャンのパフォーマンスは観客を魅了した。
C2 noun /ˌɪmpəˈtjuːəsəti/

impetuosity

衝動性
Meaning
The quality of being rash or impulsive.
Example
His impetuosity often got him into trouble.
彼の衝動性はしばしば彼を問題に巻き込んだ。
A1 verb /treɪn/

Train

トレーニングする
Meaning
to teach skills or prepare for a specific activity
Example
Athletes train hard for the Olympics.
アスリートはオリンピックのために一生懸命トレーニングをしています。
C1 verb, noun /kweɪl/

quail

恐怖を感じる; 小さくて短い尾の鳥
Meaning
verb: to feel or show fear; noun: a small, short-tailed bird
Example
She quailed at the sight of the approaching storm.
彼女は迫り来る嵐の光景に恐怖を感じた。
C1 noun /ˈbɛd.rɒk/

bedrock

基盤
Meaning
the solid rock layer beneath the soil; the fundamental basis of something
Example
Trust is the bedrock of a healthy relationship.
信頼は健康な関係の基盤です。
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

自己満足
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
彼の自己満足は彼のパフォーマンスの低下を招いた。
B2 noun ˈtrɪbjuːt

tribute

賛辞
Meaning
An act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.
Example
They paid tribute to the brave freedom fighters.
彼らは勇敢な自由戦士たちに賛辞を表した。
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈteɪk/

undertake

引き受ける
Meaning
to commit to and begin a task or project; to take on responsibility
Example
She decided to undertake a challenging project.
彼女は挑戦的なプロジェクトを始めることに決めました。
B2 noun /tɔːrˈneɪdoʊ/

tornado

竜巻
Meaning
a rapidly rotating column of air in contact with the ground and clouds, often destructive
Example
The tornado destroyed several houses in the village.
竜巻は村のいくつかの家を破壊した
C1 noun /ˈfæm.ɪn/

Famine

飢饉
Meaning
extreme scarcity of food; a period when food is extremely scarce
Example
The severe drought led to widespread famine in the region.
厳しい干ばつが地域で広範な飢饉を引き起こしました。
C2 verb /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪt/

scintillate

輝く
Meaning
to sparkle or shine brightly; to emit flashes of light
Example
The diamond ring scintillated under the bright lights.
ダイヤモンドの指輪は明るい光の下で輝いていました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

間違いない
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
彼女の判断は財務問題において間違いないように見えた。
C1 noun /ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/

mileage

燃費
Meaning
The distance traveled in miles, or the fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
Example
This car gives excellent mileage on highways.
この車は高速道路で優れた燃費を提供します。
A2 verb /prɪˈfɜːr/

prefer

好む
Meaning
to like better; to choose as more desirable
Example
I prefer tea over coffee in the morning.
私は朝にコーヒーよりもお茶を好みます。
B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

創造性
Meaning
The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.
Example
His creativity was evident in his artwork.
彼の創造力は彼の芸術作品に明らかでした。
B1 adjective /ʌnˈkaɪnd/

Unkind

無愛想; 不親切
Meaning
cruel; not nice or caring toward others
Example
It was unkind of him to make fun of her appearance.
彼が彼女の外見をからかうのは不親切だった。
A2 noun /ˈbɪz.nəs/

Business

ビジネス; 事業; 商業
Meaning
work relating to the production, buying, and selling of goods or services
Example
He started his own business after graduating from university.
彼は大学を卒業後、自分のビジネスを始めました。
C1 adjective /ˈbleɪmləs/

blameless

非の打ち所がない
Meaning
innocent of wrongdoing; not deserving blame
Example
She remained calm and blameless throughout the investigation.
彼女は調査中ずっと冷静で非の打ち所がなかった。
C1 noun /bɒɡ/

bog

沼地
Meaning
an area of wet, spongy ground; a swamp or marsh
Example
The hikers got stuck in a bog.
ハイカーたちは沼地に足を取られました。
A2 noun /ˈmʌʃ.ruːm/

Mushroom

きのこ
Meaning
a type of fungus that can be eaten, often used in cooking
Example
The pizza was topped with fresh mushrooms.
ピザは新鮮なきのこで飾られていました。
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

温室 / 音楽と芸術の学校
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
彼らは温室でエキゾチックな植物を育てていました。
C2 noun /nɪt/

nit

シラミの卵
Meaning
The egg or young form of a louse or other parasitic insect.
Example
The teacher noticed nits in the child’s hair.
先生は子供の髪の毛にシラミの卵を見つけました。
C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

分娩
Meaning
The act of giving birth; childbirth.
Example
The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.
医者は学生たちに分娩の段階を説明しました。
B2 verb /ɡruːm/

groom

Meaning
to clean, brush, and care for the appearance of someone or something
Example
She spends hours grooming her dog every week.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒn.stənt/

Constant

一定の; 変わらない; 安定した
Meaning
occurring continuously over a period of time; unchanging; steady
Example
The machine runs at a constant speed.
機械は一定の速度で動作します。
A2 adjective /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/

japanese

日本語
Meaning
relating to Japan, its people, or their language
Example
She loves Japanese culture and traditions.
彼女は日本の文化と伝統が大好きです。
A2 noun /ˈbjuː.ti/

Beauty

美しさ
Meaning
the quality of being pleasing to look at; attractiveness
Example
The beauty of the sunset took my breath away.
夕日の美しさに息を呑んだ。
A2 noun /ˈsteɪʃən/

station

Meaning
a place where a particular service is provided, especially for transportation
Example
We arrived at the station just in time for the train.
B1 noun, adjective, verb /tɛns/

tense

緊張 / 時制
Meaning
a grammatical category showing time reference; stretched tight or anxious
Example
She felt tense before the interview.
彼女はインタビューの前に緊張していた。
C2 adjective /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/

unmitigated

完全な
Meaning
absolute; not lessened or moderated
Example
The meeting was an unmitigated disaster.
会議は完全な災害でした。
C2 noun /ræŋˈɡuːn ˈkriːpər/

Rangoon creeper

ランゴーン クリーパー
Meaning
A climbing vine with fragrant flowers that change color from white to pink to red
Example
The Rangoon creeper covered the entire fence with its sweet-smelling flowers.
ランゴーン クリーパーはその甘い香りの花でフェンス全体を覆いました。
B2 verb /dɪˈtɜːr/

deter

Meaning
to discourage someone from doing something by instilling doubt or fear
Example
High fines are meant to deter people from breaking the law.
C2 noun /ˈbɜːrdʒɪs/

burgess

市民
Meaning
A citizen of a town or borough with full rights of citizenship.
Example
In medieval times, a burgess had the right to vote and hold property.
中世では、市民は投票権と財産を所有する権利を持っていました。
C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

平凡な
Meaning
ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination
Example
The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.
先生の説明は正確でしたが、かなり平凡でした。
A1 adjective /truː/

True

真実の; 本物の;
Meaning
in accordance with fact or reality; accurate; genuine
Example
It is true that hard work leads to success.
努力は成功へ導くということは真実です。
B2 noun /ˈdiːtʊr/

detour

迂回路
Meaning
A longer or less direct route taken to avoid something or reach a destination.
Example
We had to take a detour because the main road was closed.
メイン道路が閉鎖されていたので、迂回路を取らなければならなかった。
C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

放射輝度
Meaning
the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface
Example
The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.
正午の太陽の放射輝度は圧倒的でした。
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

添木
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
医者は患者の折れた腕を安定させるために添木を使いました。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的な, 手つかずの, 清潔で新鮮な
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
その森は原始的な状態を保っています。
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

繁栄 / 栄光
Meaning
prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees
Example
He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.
彼は若い頃の繁栄した日々をよく思い出していました。
C2 adjective /pəˈluːsɪd/

pellucid

透明
Meaning
Transparently clear; easy to understand.
Example
The lake water was so pellucid that you could see the stones at the bottom.
湖の水はとても透明で、底の石まで見えるほどでした。
A2 noun /flaɪt/

flight

フライト / フライト
Meaning
the act of flying, typically through the air; or a scheduled trip by an aircraft
Example
Our flight to London was delayed due to bad weather.
ロンドン行きのフライトは悪天候のため遅れました。
B2 adjective/noun /ɪˈrɑːki/

iraqi

イラクの
Meaning
relating to Iraq or its people
Example
The Iraqi culture is rich and diverse.
イラクの文化は豊かで多様です。
B1 noun /ˈdɛkeɪd/

decade

十年
Meaning
A period of ten years.
Example
The country has changed a lot in the past decade.
その国は過去10年間で大きく変わりました。
C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

吸収
Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
植物は二酸化炭素の吸収を助けます。
A2 verb /bɪˈlɒŋ/

belong

所属する
Meaning
to be in the right place or to be a member of a group
Example
She felt she truly belonged to the team.
彼女はチームに本当に所属していると感じていました。
B1 noun ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.dʒəns

artificial intelligence

人工知能
Meaning
The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence.
Example
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing education through smart tutoring.
人工知能はスマートチュータリングを通じて教育を革新しています。
B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

違法
Meaning
Not allowed by law; unlawful.
Example
It is illegal to drive without a valid license.
有効な免許なしで運転することは違法です。
B2 noun speɪs ɪksplɔːˈreɪʃən

space exploration

宇宙探査
Meaning
The investigation of outer space by means of manned and unmanned spacecraft.
Example
Space exploration has expanded our knowledge of the universe.
宇宙探査は私たちの宇宙に対する知識を広げました。
B2 adjective /ˈpæʃənət/

passionate

情熱的な
Meaning
showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief
Example
He is passionate about environmental conservation.
彼は環境保護に情熱を注いでいます。
B1 noun əbˈdʒek.tɪv

objective

目標
Meaning
A thing aimed at or sought; a goal.
Example
The main objective is to test sustainability.
メインオブジェクティブは持続可能性をテストすることです。
B1 noun /wiːt/

wheat

小麦
Meaning
a cereal plant whose grain is used to make flour for bread and other foods
Example
Farmers harvested the wheat in early summer.
農家は初夏に小麦を収穫しました。
B1 noun /blaʊz/

Blouse

ブラウス
Meaning
a woman's loose upper garment resembling a shirt
Example
She wore a beautiful silk blouse to the party.
彼女はパーティーに美しいシルクのブラウスを着て行った。
B2 noun/adjective /ˈbʌmpər/

bumper

バンパー
Meaning
A protective bar at the front or back of a vehicle; also used to describe something unusually large or successful.
Example
The farmer celebrated a bumper harvest this year.
農家は今年、大収穫を祝いました。
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
B1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.zən/

Poison

毒
Meaning
a substance that is capable of causing death or illness
Example
The snake's bite contains deadly poison.
蛇の咬傷には致命的な毒が含まれている。
C1 adjective /ˈlɪvɪd/

livid

怒っている
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
She was livid when she found out about the betrayal.
裏切りを知って彼女は怒っていた。
C1 adverb /ˌhɛdˈfɜrst/

headfirst

頭から
Meaning
With the head leading; in a reckless or hasty manner.
Example
He dived headfirst into the pool.
彼は頭から飛び込んだ。
A2 noun; gerund /ˈbɒksɪŋ/

boxing

ボクシング
Meaning
the sport of fighting with fists using padded gloves; the act of putting something into a box
Example
He has been training hard for a professional boxing match.
彼はプロのボクシングの試合に向けて厳しく練習している。
C1 noun /ˌtæm.bəˈriːn/

Tambourine

タンバリン
Meaning
a small drum with metal discs around the edge that jingle when shaken or hit
Example
She shook the tambourine to the rhythm of the music.
彼女は音楽のリズムに合わせてタンバリンを振った。
A2 adjective /ˈloʊn.li/

Lonely

孤独な; 孤立した
Meaning
solitary; isolated; without companions
Example
She felt lonely after moving to a new city.
彼女は新しい都市に引っ越してから孤独を感じていました。
B1 noun /kəmˈpɛtɪtər/

competitor

競争相手
Meaning
a person, team, or company that competes with others
Example
The company lowered its prices to beat its main competitor.
その会社は主要な競争相手を打ち負かすために価格を引き下げました。
C1 noun /ˈmoʊɡəl/

mogul

大物
Meaning
A powerful or influential person, especially in business or media.
Example
He became a tech mogul by founding a billion-dollar company.
彼は10億ドルの会社を創業してテクノロジーの大物になった。
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

不自然な / 気取った
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
俳優の演技はやりすぎて、自然には見えなかった。
C2 noun /juː/

Ewe

雌羊
Meaning
a female sheep
Example
The ewe gave birth to twin lambs.
雌羊は双子の子羊を産みました。
A2 noun /tjuːb/

tube

チューブ
Meaning
a hollow cylinder used to convey something, typically fluid
Example
He used a tube to measure the liquid.
彼は液体を測るためにチューブを使った。
B2 noun /ˈiː.ɡoʊ/

Ego

エゴ; 自尊心
Meaning
a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance
Example
His big ego prevented him from accepting criticism from others.
彼の大きなエゴは、他人からの批判を受け入れるのを妨げていた。
C1 noun /ˌdaɪəˈrɑːmə/

diorama

ジオラマ
Meaning
a three-dimensional model representing a scene, often with miniature figures
Example
The museum displayed a diorama of an ancient village.
博物館に古代の村のジオラマが展示されていました。
C2 adjective /ˈrɛkriənt/

recreant

臆病な, 裏切り者
Meaning
cowardly or unfaithful to duty
Example
The recreant soldier abandoned his post in fear.
その臆病な兵士は恐怖で自分のポストを放棄した。
B2 verb /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

intrigue

魅了する
Meaning
to arouse curiosity or interest; to make someone fascinated
Example
The mystery novel will intrigue any reader.
ミステリー小説はすべての読者を魅了するでしょう。
C2 noun /prəˈfʌn.dɪ.ti/

profundity

深遠さや洞察力
Meaning
Deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought.
Example
The profundity of his words left a lasting impact.
彼の言葉の深遠さは、永続的な影響を残しました。
B2 noun /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/

Prejudice

偏見
Meaning
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Example
We must fight against prejudice and discrimination in our society.
私たちは私たちの社会で偏見と差別に立ち向かわなければならない。
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli/

extensively

広範囲に
Meaning
in a thorough or wide-ranging manner
Example
She traveled extensively across Europe for her research.
彼女は研究のためにヨーロッパを広範囲に旅行しました。
B1 noun ˈfæmɪli triː

Family Tree

家系図
Meaning
A diagram showing the relationships between people in several generations of a family.
Example
Creating a family tree helps understand family history.
家系図を作成することは、家族の歴史を理解するのに役立ちます。
C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

旅する
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.
Example
The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.
その旅する教師は村から村へと移動して子供たちに教育をしていました。
B2 verb /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/

initiate

開始する
Meaning
to begin or start; to introduce someone to a new activity
Example
The company will initiate a new training program.
会社は新しい研修プログラムを開始します。
C2 adjective /ɪˈlɪʒən/

elysian

天国の
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of paradise; delightful and heavenly.
Example
They spent an elysian week on the quiet island.
彼らは静かな島で天国のような一週間を過ごしました。
C1 adjective /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

rhetorical

修辞的
Meaning
relating to the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; often a question asked to make a point rather than get an answer
Example
He asked a rhetorical question during the debate.
彼は討論中に修辞的な質問をした。
B1 noun /dʒiːp/

jeep

ジープ
Meaning
a sturdy motor vehicle designed for rough terrain; a small military or civilian off-road vehicle
Example
The jeep climbed the rocky hill without difficulty.
ジープは簡単に岩だらけの丘を登った。
C1 noun prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt

predicament

苦境
Meaning
A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
Example
Losing both jobs put him in a financial predicament.
両方の仕事を失ったことで、彼は経済的な苦境に陥った。
A1 verb /stɑːrt/

start

開始する
Meaning
to begin something; to commence; to initiate
Example
Let's start the meeting now.
今すぐ会議を開始しましょう。
B2 adverb /ˈleɪ.zɪ.li/

Lazily

怠惰に
Meaning
in a way that shows unwillingness to work or use energy; sluggishly
Example
He lazily stretched his arms and yawned in the morning.
彼は怠惰に腕を伸ばし、朝にあくびをした。
B2 noun /ˈbel.i/

Belly

お腹
Meaning
the front part of the human trunk below the ribs, containing the stomach and bowels; abdomen
Example
The baby kicked in her belly during pregnancy.
妊娠中、赤ちゃんは彼女のお腹を蹴った。
C1 verb /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/

domesticate

家畜化する
Meaning
to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use
Example
Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago.
人間は数千年前に犬を家畜化しました。
C1 adjective /bɪˈriːvd/

Bereaved

悲嘆に暮れる
Meaning
having lost a loved one through death
Example
The bereaved family received many condolences.
悲嘆に暮れる家族は多くの弔辞を受け取った。
B2 noun /ˈfɔːr.kæst/

Forecast

天気予報
Meaning
a prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather conditions
Example
The weather forecast predicted heavy rain for the entire weekend.
天気予報は週末全体で大雨を予測しました。
C2 verb /ˈhɑːbəl/

hobble

よろけて歩く
Meaning
to walk awkwardly with difficulty, usually due to injury
Example
He hobbled across the room after twisting his ankle.
彼は足首をひねった後、部屋をよろよろと歩いた。
A2 noun /ˈlɜrnɪŋ/

learning

学習
Meaning
The process of gaining knowledge or skills through study or experience.
Example
Learning a new language can be exciting.
新しい言語を学ぶことは興奮することがあります。
A2 noun/adjective /meɪl/

male

男性
Meaning
a man or boy; relating to men or boys
Example
The school has more male teachers than female teachers.
学校には女性の教師よりも男性の教師が多い。
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

何かを継続的に運転させる、または長期間維持する
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
メディアは時に有害なステレオタイプを永続させることがある。
C2 noun /ˌhjuː.mɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

humification

腐植化
Meaning
The process of organic matter decomposition to form humus in soil.
Example
Humification enhances soil structure and fertility.
腐植化は土壌の構造と肥沃度を向上させます。
A2 adjective/noun /ˈɪndiən/

indian

インディアンの
Meaning
Relating to India, its people, or their culture.
Example
She loves Indian food, especially biryani.
彼女はインディアンの料理が好きで、特にビリヤニが好きです。
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

文明化する
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
教育は共有された価値観と尊重を促進することで、地域社会を文明化する助けになります。
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

不正行為
Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
その警官は職業上の不正行為で解雇されました。
B2 noun ˈmɒnjʊmənt

monument

記念碑
Meaning
A statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a notable person or event.
Example
A monument should honor his contributions.
記念碑は彼の貢献を讃えるべきです。
B2 noun/verb /skræp/

scrap

切れ端 / 捨てる
Meaning
A small piece of something; to discard or get rid of something.
Example
He used a scrap of paper to jot down the number.
彼はその番号を書くために紙の切れ端を使いました。
B1 noun /ˌsiːiːˈoʊ/

ceo

最高経営責任者
Meaning
The highest-ranking person in a company, responsible for overall management.
Example
The CEO announced a new strategy for the company.
CEOは会社の新しい戦略を発表しました。
A2 adverb /ˈʃʊə.li/

Surely

確かに
Meaning
without doubt; certainly
Example
You will surely pass the exam if you study hard.
もし一生懸命勉強すれば、確かに試験に合格します。
A2 noun /ɪˈfekt/

Effect

効果; 結果; 影響
Meaning
a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Example
The new medicine had a positive effect on the patient's recovery.
新しい薬は患者の回復に良い効果をもたらしました。
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

取り返しのつかない損害
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
気候変動は生態系に取り返しのつかない損害を与えます。
A1 determiner /sʌm/

some

いくつか
Meaning
an unspecified amount or number of something
Example
I have some money in my wallet.
財布に少しお金があります。
C2 noun /ˈpɔːrfəri/

porphyry

硬い火成岩
Meaning
A hard igneous rock containing crystals, often used for decorative or building purposes.
Example
The ancient Romans used porphyry to make columns and statues.
古代ローマ人はポルフィリを使って柱や彫像を作った。
B1 adverb /əˈrɪdʒɪnəli/

originally

元々
Meaning
in the beginning, at first
Example
Originally, she wanted to be a doctor.
元々、彼女は医者になりたかった。
C2 adjective /ˌvɪtriˈɑːlɪk/

vitriolic

痛烈な批判
Meaning
filled with bitter criticism or malice
Example
His vitriolic remarks hurt everyone in the room.
彼の痛烈なコメントは部屋の中の皆を傷つけました。
B2 noun, adjective /ˈsoʊʃəlɪst/

socialist

社会主義者
Meaning
a person who advocates for socialism; relating to socialism
Example
He is a well-known socialist writer.
彼は有名な社会主義者の作家です。
B1 noun /ˈhʌntər/

hunter

ハンター
Meaning
a person or animal that hunts animals for food or sport
Example
The hunter tracked the deer through the forest.
ハンターは森を通って鹿を追跡しました。
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪmentɪd

implemented

実施された
Meaning
Put a decision or plan into effect; carried out or executed.
Example
The master plans were partially implemented.
マスタープランは部分的に実施されました。
B1 noun /ˈbʌb.əl/

bubble

泡
Meaning
a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air or gas; a temporary state of inflated value or excitement
Example
The children chased the bubbles in the air.
子供たちは空中の泡を追いかけました。
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

業界特定
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
業界特定の政策はターゲット投資を引き付けます。
A2 adjective /ˈsɪli/

Silly

馬鹿な; 愚かな
Meaning
foolish; lacking good sense or judgement
Example
Don't be silly, of course you can do it!
馬鹿なこと言わないで、もちろんそれができるよ！
B2 verb /ˈstɑːrtl/

startle

驚かせる
Meaning
To surprise or frighten someone suddenly.
Example
The loud noise startled the children.
大きな音が子供たちを驚かせた。
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.vən/

Raven

ワタリガラス
Meaning
a large, black bird with a thick bill and harsh croaking voice
Example
The raven perched on the old oak tree and cawed loudly.
ワタリガラスが古いオークの木に止まり、大きな声で鳴いた。
B2 verb /ɪˈvɑːlv/

evolve

Meaning
to develop gradually, especially into a more complex or advanced state
Example
Over time, the company evolved into a global brand.
C2 noun /ˈrɛd.ə.ləns/

redolence

香り
Meaning
a pleasant smell or the quality of suggesting something strongly
Example
The redolence of jasmine filled the evening air.
ジャスミンの香りが夕方の空気を満たした。
A2 number /ˈfɪfti/

fifty

五十
Meaning
the number 50
Example
The stadium can hold fifty thousand people.
スタジアムは五万人を収容できます。
B2 adjective /spɒnˈteɪniəs/

Spontaneous

自発的な
Meaning
done without planning; natural and unforced
Example
Their spontaneous dance in the rain was beautiful.
雨の中で彼らの自発的なダンスは美しかった。