supplicant
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C2 noun /ˈsʌplɪkənt/

supplicant

請願者
Meaning
A person who humbly or earnestly asks for something, usually from a person of authority.
Example
The temple was filled with supplicants seeking blessings.
寺院には祝福を求める請願者で溢れていました。
C2 noun /ˈsɛpəlˌtʃər/

Sepulture

墓; 埋葬;
Meaning
the act of burying a dead body; burial; a grave or tomb
Example
The ancient king's sepulture was discovered by archaeologists.
古代の王のセパルチャーは考古学者によって発見されました。
B2 verb /spɪt/

spit

唾を吐く
Meaning
to force liquid, especially saliva, out of the mouth
Example
He spat on the ground in anger.
彼は怒りで地面に唾を吐いた。
C1 adjective /ˈspɑːrtn/

spartan

スパルタン
Meaning
showing simplicity and lack of luxury; austere
Example
He lived in a spartan room with just a bed and a chair.
彼はスパルタンな部屋に住んでいて、ベッドと椅子だけがありました。
A1 adverb /soʊ/

so

そんなに
Meaning
to such a degree or extent
Example
She was so happy with the gift.
彼女はプレゼントにとても喜んでいた。
B2 adverb /səbˈstænʃəli/

substantially

大幅に
Meaning
to a great extent or degree
Example
The new policy has substantially improved working conditions.
新しい政策は労働条件を大幅に改善しました。
A2 adverb /ˈʃʊə.li/

Surely

確かに
Meaning
without doubt; certainly
Example
You will surely pass the exam if you study hard.
もし一生懸命勉強すれば、確かに試験に合格します。
B1 noun /skriːn/

Screen

スクリーン
Meaning
a flat surface on which pictures or words are shown; a movable partition used to divide a room
Example
The movie was displayed on a large screen in the theater.
映画は劇場の大きなスクリーンに表示されました。
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

統計学者
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
統計学者は調査結果を明確に示しました。
C2 noun /ˈsuːpsɒ̃/

soupcon

少量
Meaning
a very small quantity of something; a trace
Example
She added just a soupcon of spice to the dish.
彼女は料理にほんの少しスパイスを加えた。
B2 adverb /ˈstɛdɪli/

steadily

着実に
Meaning
in a regular and continuous way; without stopping or changing
Example
The company's profits have been increasing steadily.
会社の利益は着実に増加しています。
B2 noun /ˌsɛlf əˈwɛə.nəs/

self-awareness

自己認識
Meaning
Conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, motives, and desires.
Example
Self-awareness helps in understanding one's emotions and actions.
自己認識は、自己の感情や行動を理解するのに役立ちます。
C2 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈsɪv.ə.laɪzd/

semicivilized

半文明
Meaning
Partially civilized; having some aspects of civilization but not fully developed.
Example
The tribe was described as semicivilized by early explorers.
その部族は初期の探検家によって半文明と説明されました。
A2 adjective /ˈskeəri/

scary

怖い
Meaning
causing fear or making you feel frightened
Example
That horror movie was really scary.
そのホラー映画は本当に怖かった。
B1 noun /ˈsʌb.mə.riːn/

Sub-marine

潜水艦
Meaning
a warship with a streamlined hull designed to operate completely submerged in the sea
Example
The submarine dived deep into the ocean to avoid detection.
潜水艦は海中深く潜水して、発見を避けました。
C1 adjective /ˈspjʊəriəs/

spurious

偽の / 虚偽の
Meaning
Not genuine, authentic, or true; false or fake.
Example
The report was based on spurious claims.
その報告書は偽の主張に基づいていた。
B2 noun ˈsɛv.ən ˈwʌn.dərz

Seven Wonders

七不思議
Meaning
The seven most remarkable and famous structures in the world, representing architectural feats and cultural significance.
Example
The Seven Wonders of the world reflect human brilliance.
世界の七不思議は人類の素晴らしさを反映しています。
C2 adjective /suːˈpɜːrnəl/

supernal

天上的
Meaning
Relating to the heavens; celestial or divine.
Example
The painting captured a supernal beauty that felt otherworldly.
その絵は、まるで別の世界から来たような天上的な美しさを捉えました。
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.ɪŋ/

Saying

格言
Meaning
a well-known phrase that expresses something true about life; a proverb
Example
There's an old saying that practice makes perfect.
「継続は力なり」という古い格言があります。
B1 verb/adjective /sɪˈkjʊər/

secure

安全にする
Meaning
to make safe or protect; to fix something firmly in place
Example
Please secure the door before you leave.
ドアを確実に閉めてください。
C2 noun /sʌnd raɪs/

Sunned rice

日干し米
Meaning
Rice that has been dried in the sun; parched rice
Example
The farmers spread the sunned rice on mats to dry completely.
農民たちは日干し米を完全に乾かすためにマットに広げました。
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

卑劣な
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
新聞は政治家の卑劣な過去を暴露した。
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

堅固な, 忠実な
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
彼女は環境保護の強固な支持者です。
C2 adjective /səˈluːtəˌtɔri/

salutatory

歓迎の挨拶
Meaning
Relating to or expressing a greeting or an address, especially at the beginning of a speech.
Example
She delivered a salutatory address at the graduation ceremony.
彼女は卒業式で歓迎の挨拶を行いました。
B2 noun /spæm/

spam

スパム
Meaning
unsolicited or unwanted electronic communication, typically in the form of email
Example
My inbox is full of spam emails that I need to delete.
私の受信箱はスパムメールでいっぱいで、削除する必要があります。
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

わずかな
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
彼の主張を支持する証拠はほとんどなかった。
B2 verb /saɪ/

sigh

ため息をつく
Meaning
to let out a long, deep breath as an expression of tiredness, relief, or sadness
Example
She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.
良いニュースを聞いたとき、彼女は安心してため息をついた。
B2 adjective /ˈspeɪ.ʃəs/

Spacious

広々とした; 快適な
Meaning
having a lot of space; roomy and comfortable
Example
The house has a spacious living room with high ceilings.
その家には高い天井を持つ広々としたリビングルームがあります。
C2 noun /ˌʃæŋɡriˈlɑː/

shangri-la

架空の楽園
Meaning
a remote, beautiful, imaginary place where life is perfect and peaceful
Example
They described the island as a modern-day Shangri-La.
彼らはその島を現代版シャングリ・ラとして描写しました。
A2 noun, verb /ˈsɛntəns/

sentence

文; 刑期
Meaning
A set of words that expresses a complete thought; or a punishment given by a court of law.
Example
The judge gave him a five-year prison sentence.
裁判官は彼に5年間の刑期を与えました。
B2 noun /slɛdʒ/

sledge

そり
Meaning
a vehicle for traveling over snow, often pulled by animals
Example
The children rode a sledge down the snowy hill.
子供たちは雪山をスレッジで滑り降りた。
B2 noun /ˈsɜːdʒən/

surgeon

外科医
Meaning
a doctor who performs medical operations
Example
The surgeon performed a complex heart operation.
外科医は複雑な心臓手術を行いました。
B2 noun /sɜːˈveɪ.ləns/

surveillance

監視
Meaning
Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal; continuous watching of a place, person, or situation.
Example
Government agencies conduct surveillance on cyber threats.
政府機関はサイバー脅威の監視を行っています。
B2 noun /ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər/

Skyscraper

超高層ビル
Meaning
a very tall building of many stories
Example
The new skyscraper dominates the city's skyline.
新しい超高層ビルが街のスカイラインを支配しています。
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

英国通貨 / 優れた
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
プロジェクトでの優れた仕事が称賛されました。
B1 noun /sɒk/

sock

Meaning
a piece of clothing worn on the foot and lower part of the leg.
Example
He put on a pair of clean socks before leaving the house.
B2 adjective sɪˈvɪər

severe

深刻な
Meaning
Very great; intense or extreme in degree.
Example
Without action, climate change impacts will become severe.
行動がなければ、気候変動の影響は深刻になります。
C2 verb, adjective /ˈstraɪeɪt/

striate

縞模様にする
Meaning
to mark with stripes or grooves; striped or streaked in appearance
Example
The rock surface was striated by glacial movement.
氷河の動きによって岩石の表面に縞模様ができました。
B2 noun, verb /skruː/

screw

螺旋状の金属製ファスナー; 何かをねじで締める
Meaning
a metal fastener with a helical ridge; to fasten or tighten something with a screw
Example
He screwed the shelf to the wall tightly.
彼は棚を壁にしっかりとねじ込んだ。
B2 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn/

sideline

副業
Meaning
An activity done in addition to one's main job or area of work.
Example
The sideline discussions led to mutual understanding.
副業の議論が相互理解を促進した。
C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

老衰
Meaning
The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.
Example
His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.
彼の忘れっぽさは老衰によるものとされました。
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

倉庫
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
その倉庫はすべての輸入品のストアハウスとして機能していた。
A2 noun /siːn/

scene

シーン
Meaning
a place or setting of an event or activity, or the part of a play or film
Example
The final scene of the movie was very emotional.
映画の最後のシーンはとても感動的でした。
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

季節に適した
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
季節の雨が農家の作物を助けました。
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæn.ju.eɪt/

superannuate

年金付き退職
Meaning
to retire someone with a pension, usually due to age or long service
Example
The company decided to superannuate its senior employees after thirty years of service.
その会社は三十年の勤務後、上級社員を年金付き退職することに決めました。
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

神聖さ
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
命の神聖さは決して妥協されるべきではない。
C2 noun /ˈsʌfərəns/

sufferance

寛容
Meaning
patient endurance of pain, hardship, or delay; passive consent or tolerance
Example
He lived in poverty with quiet sufferance.
彼は貧困の中で静かに寛容をもって生きていた。
C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

宗派的
Meaning
relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict
Example
The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.
この地域は数十年にわたり宗派的な暴力に悩まされてきました。
B2 adjective /ˈʃæb.i/

Shabby

ボロボロの; ひどい状態の; 使い古された痕跡がある; 不公平または残酷
Meaning
worn out; in poor condition; showing signs of wear; unfair or mean
Example
His shabby clothes showed that he had been traveling for days.
彼のボロボロの服は、彼が数日間旅行していたことを示していた。
B2 noun /slɒt/

slot

スロット
Meaning
a narrow opening into which something fits or is placed
Example
Insert the card into the slot to open the door.
カードをスロットに挿入して、ドアを開けてください。
B2 verb /spreɪ/

spray

スプレーする
Meaning
to apply liquid to something in a fine mist
Example
She sprayed perfume on her wrist before leaving.
彼女は出かける前に手首に香水をスプレーしました。
C2 noun /stɒˈkeɪd/

stockade

木製の塀
Meaning
a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers, often around a fort or prison
Example
The prisoners were kept inside the wooden stockade.
囚人は木製の塀の中に閉じ込められていました。
B1 verb /ʃɪft/

shift

シフトする
Meaning
To move or change from one place, position, or situation to another.
Example
She had to shift her focus to the new project.
彼女は新しいプロジェクトに焦点を移さなければならなかった。
B2 noun /ˈsɪmfəni/

Symphony

交響曲
Meaning
an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements
Example
The orchestra performed Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.
オーケストラはベートーヴェンの交響曲第5番を演奏した。
A2 noun /skɜːrt/

Skirt

スカート
Meaning
a garment that hangs from the waist and covers part or all of the legs
Example
She chose a blue skirt to match her blouse.
彼女はブラウスに合わせるために青いスカートを選びました。
B1 noun /skɑːrf/

Scarf

スカーフ
Meaning
a length of fabric worn around the neck or head for warmth, protection, or fashion
Example
She wrapped a warm scarf around her neck in the cold weather.
彼女は寒い天気で暖かいスカーフを首に巻きました。
B2 adjective /suːˈpriːm/

Supreme

最高の
Meaning
highest in rank, authority, or quality; greatest; most important
Example
The Supreme Court made the final decision.
最高裁判所は最終的な決定を下しました。
C2 adjective /ˈspɔːrtɪv/

sportive

スポーティブ
Meaning
Playful, lively, or full of fun.
Example
The children were in a sportive mood during the picnic.
子供たちはピクニック中にスポーティブな気分でした。
C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

相乗効果, 協力
Meaning
The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Example
The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.
二つの会社間の相乗効果により、成功したパートナーシップが生まれました。
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/

scalpel

メス
Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
外科医は慎重にメスを使って最初の切開を行いました。
B1 noun /ʃɔːr/

Shore

岸; 海岸; ビーチ
Meaning
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other body of water
Example
We walked along the shore collecting seashells.
私たちはショアを歩きながら貝殻を集めていました。
C1 noun /ˈsɔːrsəri/

sorcery

魔法
Meaning
the use of magical powers, especially through spells and enchantments
Example
The villagers believed the illness was caused by sorcery.
村人たちは病気が魔法によって引き起こされたと信じていました。
B2 verb /swer/

swear

誓う
Meaning
to use offensive language; to promise solemnly; to take an oath
Example
I swear to tell the truth.
私は真実を話すと誓います。
A2 modal verb /ʃæl/

shall

〜するつもり
Meaning
used to express the future or indicate an intention or determination
Example
I shall return before sunset.
私は日没前に戻ります。
C2 noun /ˈʃæd.ək/

Shaddock

ポメロ
Meaning
a large citrus fruit similar to grapefruit; pomelo
Example
The shaddock is the largest citrus fruit in the world.
シャドックは世界で最も大きな柑橘類の果物です。
A2 adjective /streɪndʒ/

strange

奇妙
Meaning
unusual or not normal
Example
It was strange to see him at the party after so long.
そんなに長い時間後にパーティーで彼を見るのは奇妙だった。
C1 adjective /ˈstraɪ.dənt/

strident

耳障りな, うるさい
Meaning
loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way
Example
His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable.
彼の耳障りな声は議論を不快にした。
C2 noun /ˈsɜːfdəm/

serfdom

農奴制
Meaning
The status or condition of being a serf, bound to work for a lord.
Example
Many peasants in medieval Europe lived under serfdom.
中世ヨーロッパの多くの農民は農奴制の下で生活していた。
B2 verb /stɪə(r)/

steer

操縦する
Meaning
to guide or control the movement of a vehicle, vessel, or person
Example
He steered the car carefully through the narrow street.
彼は狭い通りを慎重に車をステアしました。
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。
B2 noun ˈskruːtɪni

scrutiny

詳細な調査
Meaning
Critical observation or examination
Example
The new law is under scrutiny by the legislative body.
新しい法律は立法機関による詳細な調査の下にあります。
B2 adjective /ˈstæt.ɪk/

static

静的
Meaning
Lacking in movement, action, or change; stationary.
Example
Static ideas hinder progress.
静的な考えは進展を妨げる。
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

辛辣な批評
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
批評家は映画について辛辣な批評を書いた。
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈhiːt/

superheat

過熱する
Meaning
to heat a substance beyond its normal boiling point without it becoming vapor
Example
Engineers superheat the steam to increase the efficiency of the turbine.
エンジニアはタービンの効率を上げるために蒸気を加熱しすぎます。
B2 adjective /stɑːrk/

stark

厳しい、鋭い
Meaning
Severe, sharp, or clearly defined; plain and without any decoration.
Example
The stark contrast between poverty and wealth was evident in the city.
貧困と富の間の鮮明な対比は街中で明らかだった。
B1 adjective /ʃɛrd/

shared

共有
Meaning
used, done, or experienced by two or more people together
Example
They live in a shared apartment near the university.
彼らは大学の近くのシェアアパートに住んでいます。
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

罠
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
ハンターはウサギを捕まえるために罠を仕掛けました。
C2 adjective /səˈdʒɛstəbəl/

suggestible

影響されやすい
Meaning
easily influenced by the suggestions of others
Example
Children are highly suggestible and may believe what they are told.
子供たちは非常に影響されやすく、言われたことを信じるかもしれません。
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

寸劇
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
学生たちはイベントで面白い寸劇を演じました。
B2 verb /səˈspɛnd/

suspend

一時停止する
Meaning
To temporarily stop something from being active or valid.
Example
The company decided to suspend his membership.
その会社は彼の会員資格をサスペンドすることに決めました。
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

規則にうるさい人
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
彼は時間にうるさく、遅れを許しません。
B2 noun /ˈsɑːfmɔːr/

sophomore

二年生
Meaning
a student in their second year of study at a university or high school
Example
He’s a sophomore in college, studying computer science.
彼は大学で2年生で、コンピュータサイエンスを勉強しています。
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

求婚者
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
彼女には彼女の注意を争う求婚者がたくさんいた。
C2 noun /ˈsɪʒ.ən/

scission

分裂
Meaning
the act of cutting or dividing something
Example
The political party suffered a scission over ideological disputes.
その政党はイデオロギーの対立により分裂を経験しました。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

自己肯定
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
日々の自己肯定は自信を高めることができます。
B2 noun, verb /slænt/

slant

偏った見解
Meaning
A particular point of view; to slope or lean in a particular direction.
Example
The article had a political slant.
その記事には政治的な傾向がありました。
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

お菓子
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
子供たちは祭りの間に伝統的なスイートミートを楽しみました。
C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

目を細める
Meaning
to look with partly closed eyes
Example
She squinted at the bright sunlight.
彼女は明るい日差しで目を細めた。
B1 noun /stoʊv/

Stove

ストーブ
Meaning
a kitchen appliance used for cooking food by applying heat
Example
She cooked dinner on the gas stove.
彼女はガスストーブで夕食を作った。
A1 adverb /ˈsʌm.taɪmz/

Sometimes

時々
Meaning
at times; occasionally; now and then
Example
Sometimes I go for a walk in the evening.
時々、私は夕方に散歩します。
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

ステップ
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
遊牧民は自分の家畜を連れて広大なステップを渡っていた。
A1 determiner /sʌtʃ/

such

そんな
Meaning
of the type previously mentioned or specified
Example
I have never seen such a beautiful painting.
私はこんな美しい絵を見たことがありません。
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

縫合
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
医者は傷を閉じるために縫合糸を使いました。
C2 noun /seɪn/

seine

大きな網
Meaning
A large fishing net that hangs vertically in the water.
Example
The fishermen cast their seine into the river.
漁師たちは大きな網を川に投げ入れました。
A2 adjective /sɔft/

Soft

柔らかい; やさしい; 静か
Meaning
not hard or firm; gentle; quiet; tender
Example
The pillow is very soft and comfortable.
枕はとても柔らかくて快適です。
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

詐欺する
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
コンアーティストは、老人の貯金を騙し取ろうとした。
B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

持続可能性
Meaning
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.
Example
Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.
持続可能性は長期的な環境健康を保証します。
A2 adverb /ˈsɪm.pli/

Simply

単純に; ただ;
Meaning
in a clear and easy way; merely; just
Example
I simply wanted to help you with your homework.
私はただあなたの宿題を手伝いたかった。
C1 noun /səˈprɑːnoʊ/

soprano

女性または子供の最も高い歌声
Meaning
the highest female or boy’s singing voice
Example
She sang beautifully in the soprano range during the concert.
彼女はコンサートでソプラノの範囲で美しく歌いました。
B2 verb /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

sympathize

同情する
Meaning
to feel sorry for someone; to understand and share someone's feelings
Example
I sympathize with your loss.
あなたの損失に同情します。
A1 adjective /ʃɔːrt/

Short

短い; 短縮した
Meaning
having a small length, height, or duration; not long
Example
The meeting was very short, lasting only ten minutes.
会議はとても短く、わずか10分間だった。
C2 verb /ʃʌk/

shuck

殻を剥く
Meaning
To remove the outer covering, such as the husk of corn or shell of shellfish.
Example
She learned how to shuck oysters quickly.
彼女は牡蠣の殻を素早く剥く方法を学びました。
B2 noun /səˈspɪʃən/

Suspicion

疑い
Meaning
a feeling or thought that someone is guilty of an illegal or dishonest activity
Example
The police arrested him on suspicion of theft.
警察は窃盗の疑いで彼を逮捕しました。
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊlər/

solar

太陽の
Meaning
Relating to or determined by the sun
Example
The house is powered by solar energy.
この家は太陽エネルギーで動いています。
B1 noun /ˈspɪr.ɪt/

Spirit

精神; 魂; 熱意; 勇気
Meaning
the non-physical part of a person; enthusiasm or courage; the essential character of something
Example
The team showed great spirit despite losing the match.
チームは試合に負けても素晴らしいスピリットを見せました。
C2 verb /ˈsɪmpər/

simper

不自然に笑う
Meaning
to smile in a silly, self-conscious, or affected way
Example
She simpered at his compliment, clearly embarrassed.
彼女は彼の褒め言葉に不自然に笑い、明らかに恥ずかしそうだった。
A2 adverb /ˈsloʊli/

slowly

ゆっくり
Meaning
in a slow manner
Example
She walked slowly to the door.
彼女はゆっくりとドアに向かって歩いた。
B1 noun/verb /skeɪl/

scale

スケール / サイズ調整
Meaning
A system of ordered marks used for measurement; also means to climb or to adjust in size.
Example
The company plans to scale its operations globally.
その会社は世界規模で事業を拡大する予定です。
B2 verb /ʃrʌɡ/

shrug

肩をすくめる
Meaning
To raise and lower the shoulders to express uncertainty or indifference.
Example
He shrugged when asked about the missing file.
彼は失われたファイルについて聞かれると肩をすくめました。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

むっつりした
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
彼女はむっつりした表情を見せて、立ち去った。
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

立証する
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
弁護士は確かな証拠でその主張を立証しようとしました。
B2 verb /ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/

struggling

格闘する
Meaning
Making forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction; having difficulty achieving something.
Example
Many regions are struggling with economic recovery.
多くの地域が経済回復に苦しんでいます。
C2 noun /ˌspoʊliˈeɪʃən/

spoliation

破壊
Meaning
The act of destroying or ruining something, often evidence or property.
Example
The court punished the company for the spoliation of evidence.
裁判所は証拠の破壊のために会社を罰しました。
B2 noun sɛlf rɪˈlaɪ.əns

self-reliance

自立
Meaning
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others; independence.
Example
Self-reliance helps build confidence.
自立は自信を高めるのに役立ちます。
A2 verb /saɪn/

sign

署名
Meaning
to write your name on something to show agreement or approval; to make a gesture with meaning
Example
Please sign the contract at the bottom of the page.
ページの下部で契約書にサインしてください。
A1 verb /siː/

see

見る
Meaning
to perceive with the eyes; to understand; to meet
Example
I can see the mountain from here.
私はここから山を見ることができます。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

自給自足
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
その農場は食品生産において完全な自給自足を達成しました。
B2 adjective /saʊər/

Sour

酸っぱい
Meaning
having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar; unpleasant or disagreeable
Example
The milk has gone sour and smells terrible.
牛乳は酸っぱくなり、ひどい匂いがします。
C1 adjective /ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs/

sanctimonious

偽善的な敬虔
Meaning
Making a show of being morally superior to others; hypocritically pious.
Example
He gave a sanctimonious speech about honesty while he himself was corrupt.
彼は自分が腐敗していたにもかかわらず、正直について偽善的なスピーチをしました。
A2 verb /sɔːrt/

sort

並べ替える
Meaning
to arrange or categorize something
Example
Please sort the files by date.
ファイルを日付順にソートしてください。
A1 noun/adjective /saʊθ/

south

南
Meaning
the direction towards the bottom of a map, opposite to north
Example
The sun rises in the east and sets in the south.
太陽は東で昇り、南で沈みます。