C2 noun /ˈsʌbtərˌfjuːdʒ/

subterfuge

策略

Meaning

Deceit used to achieve one's goal; a trick or excuse to evade something.

Example

They used subterfuge to avoid paying taxes.

彼らは税金を回避するために策略を使った。

B1 verb /stiːl/

steal

盗む

Meaning

to take something without permission; to rob

Example

It's wrong to steal from others.

他人から盗むことは間違っています。

C1 noun /ˈseɪɑːns/

seance

霊的なセッション

Meaning

A meeting where people attempt to communicate with the spirits of the dead.

Example

They held a seance to contact their late grandmother.

彼らは亡くなった祖母と連絡を取るために霊的なセッションを開いた。

A1 noun /siː/

Sea

海

Meaning

a large body of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface

Example

We went swimming in the sea.

私たちは海で泳ぎました。

A2 adjective /ˈspænɪʃ/

spanish

スペイン語

Meaning

relating to Spain or the Spanish language

Example

She is fluent in Spanish and French.

彼女はスペイン語とフランス語に堪能です。

B2 noun /ˈstiː.mər/

Steamer

蒸気船

Meaning

a ship or boat powered by steam engines

Example

The old steamer crossed the river slowly.

古い蒸気船がゆっくり川を渡った。

B2 noun ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən

sanitation

衛生

Meaning

Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal.

Example

Good sanitation practices are key to preventing infestations.

良い衛生習慣は侵入を防ぐための鍵です。

C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪst/

sophist

詭弁家

Meaning

a person who uses clever but misleading arguments

Example

He was dismissed as a sophist who twisted facts to win debates.

彼は討論に勝つために事実を歪める詭弁家として解雇されました。

B2 noun ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋz

shortcomings

欠点

Meaning

A fault or failure to meet a certain standard; deficiencies.

Example

Institutional shortcomings affect student behavior negatively.

制度的な欠点は学生の行動に悪影響を与える。

C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

神経質な

Meaning

easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable

Example

The horse was too skittish to ride.

その馬は乗るには神経質すぎた。

C2 noun /ˈʃɪbəˌlɛθ/

shibboleth

特定のグループを識別するための表現や信念

Meaning

A custom, phrase, or belief distinguishing a particular group of people, often used to identify outsiders.

Example

The phrase became a political shibboleth during the campaign.

そのフレーズはキャンペーン中に政治的なシボレスとなった。

C1 noun /ˈsɪləbəl/

syllable

音節

Meaning

A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word.

Example

The word 'computer' has three syllables.

‘コンピュータ’という言葉は3つの音節から成り立っています。

C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

堆積物

Meaning

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind

Example

The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.

川は洪水の間に堆積物を下流へ運んだ。

A2 adverb /ˈsloʊli/

slowly

ゆっくり

Meaning

in a slow manner

Example

She walked slowly to the door.

彼女はゆっくりとドアに向かって歩いた。

C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

土壌管理

Meaning

The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.

Example

Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.

適切な土壌管理は、長期的な農業生産性を向上させます。

C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切る、関係を断つ

Meaning

to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship

Example

He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.

彼は争いの後、会社との関係を断たなければならなかった。

B2 noun /stɑːˈveɪ.ʃən/

Starvation

飢餓

Meaning

suffering or death caused by lack of food; extreme hunger

Example

Many people died of starvation during the famine.

多くの人々は飢饉の間に飢え死にしました。

B2 noun /slɛdʒ/

sledge

そり

Meaning

a vehicle for traveling over snow, often pulled by animals

Example

The children rode a sledge down the snowy hill.

子供たちは雪山をスレッジで滑り降りた。

B1 noun ˈstrʌɡ.əl

struggle

闘争

Meaning

A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack; a determined effort under difficult circumstances.

Example

The struggle for independence united the nation.

独立のための闘争が国を団結させた。

C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

停滞

Meaning

A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.

Example

High unemployment led to economic stagnation.

高い失業率が経済の停滞を引き起こしました。

B2 verb /ʃʌv/

shove

押す

Meaning

to push someone or something roughly

Example

He shoved the box into the corner.

彼は箱を隅に押し込んだ。

C2 adjective /səˈlɪsɪtəs/

solicitous

思いやり

Meaning

showing concern or care for someone's health, happiness, or comfort

Example

She was always solicitous about the well-being of her students.

彼女はいつも学生たちの幸福に気を配っていました。

B1 adjective /ˈsekənderi/

secondary

二次的

Meaning

Less important than something else; derived from or dependent on something primary.

Example

Safety is our primary concern, while speed is only secondary.

安全は私たちの最優先事項であり、速度は二次的なものです。

C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

計画的貯蓄

Meaning

A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule

Example

Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.

計画的貯蓄は高齢期の財務危機を軽減することができます。

B1 verb /sɪŋk/

sink

沈む

Meaning

to go down below the surface; to descend

Example

The ship sinks in the deep ocean.

船は深い海に沈みます。

C2 noun /spɪˈlʌŋkər/

spelunker

洞窟探検家

Meaning

A person who explores caves as a hobby.

Example

The spelunker carried ropes and lights into the dark cave.

洞窟探検家は暗い洞窟にロープとライトを持って行きました。

B2 verb /saɪ/

sigh

ため息をつく

Meaning

to let out a long, deep breath as an expression of tiredness, relief, or sadness

Example

She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.

良いニュースを聞いたとき、彼女は安心してため息をついた。

B2 verb /sɪp/

sip

すする

Meaning

to drink in small quantities; to taste carefully

Example

She sipped her tea slowly while reading the newspaper.

彼女は新聞を読みながら、ゆっくりとお茶をすすっていました。

B2 noun /ˈskriːnɪŋ/

screening

スクリーニングまたは上映

Meaning

the act of examining or testing people to detect disease or evaluate suitability; a showing of a movie or program

Example

The hospital offered free health screening for all employees.

病院はすべての従業員に無料の健康スクリーニングを提供しました。

A2 adjective /ˈstuː.pɪd/

Stupid

愚かな; 馬鹿な; ばかげた

Meaning

lacking intelligence or common sense; foolish

Example

It was stupid of me to forget my umbrella on a rainy day.

雨の日に傘を忘れるのは愚かだった。

B2 adjective /ˌsɪm.pəˈθet.ɪk/

Sympathetic

思いやりのある; 理解力のある; 敏感な;

Meaning

showing compassion or understanding for someone's feelings or situation

Example

She was very sympathetic when I told her about my problems.

私が自分の問題について話したとき、彼女はとても思いやりがありました。

B1 adverb /ˈsædli/

sadly

悲しそうに

Meaning

in a sorrowful or unhappy manner

Example

She sadly waved goodbye as the train departed.

彼女は電車が出発するとき、悲しそうに手を振った。

B2 noun /ˈsɪləbəs/

syllabus

シラバス

Meaning

An outline or summary of topics to be covered in a course of study.

Example

The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day of class.

教授は初日にシラバスを配布しました。

A2 noun /siːd/

seed

種

Meaning

the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow

Example

I planted a seed in the garden.

私は庭に種を植えました。

C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

眠気

Meaning

A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.

Example

The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.

重い食事の後、眠気が集中するのを難しくしました。

A1 adjective /ˈsɔːri/

sorry

ごめん

Meaning

feeling regret or sympathy

Example

She felt sorry for what had happened.

彼女は起こったことを後悔していた。

A1 pronoun /ˈsʌmwʌn/

someone

誰か

Meaning

a person, but not specifically known or named

Example

Someone left their umbrella in the hallway.

誰かが廊下に傘を忘れました。

C2 adjective /səˈmætɪk/

somatic

身体的

Meaning

Relating to the body, especially as distinct from the mind.

Example

Yoga can improve both somatic and mental health.

ヨガは身体的および精神的健康を改善することができます。

A2 verb /ʃaɪn/

shine

輝く

Meaning

to give out a bright light or glow

Example

The sun will shine brightly tomorrow.

太陽は明日明るく輝きます。

C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

自己抑制

Meaning

The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.

Example

His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.

彼の危機的な状況での自己抑制は素晴らしかった。

B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

支援する

Meaning

Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.

Example

Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.

教育の取り組みを支援することは、児童労働を減らすのに役立ちます。

C2 noun /skriːd/

screed

長く退屈な文書

Meaning

a long, tedious piece of writing or speech; also a layer of material like cement spread on a surface

Example

He delivered a long screed against corruption.

彼は腐敗に反対する長いスピーチをしました。

A2 verb /sɜːrtʃ/

search

探す

Meaning

to look carefully for someone or something; to examine thoroughly

Example

The police searched the house for evidence.

警察は証拠を探すために家を捜索した。

B2 adjective /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/

symbolic

象徴的

Meaning

serving as a symbol or representing something else

Example

The dove is symbolic of peace and freedom.

鳩は平和と自由の象徴的存在です。

C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

名声、身長

Meaning

A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.

Example

Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.

彼女の知的名声は、彼女を学界で尊敬される人物にしました。

B2 noun /sɪnˈserɪti/

Sincerity

誠実さ

Meaning

the quality of being free from pretense or deceit; honesty

Example

His sincerity in apologizing was evident to everyone.

彼の謝罪の真摯さは、すべての人に明らかだった。

C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

相乗効果, 協力

Meaning

The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Example

The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.

二つの会社間の相乗効果により、成功したパートナーシップが生まれました。

C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主観的

Meaning

based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts

Example

Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.

美しさはしばしば主観的な概念と見なされます。

A1 verb /sel/

sell

売る

Meaning

to give something to someone in exchange for money

Example

They sell fresh fruits at the market.

彼らは市場で新鮮な果物を売っています。

C2 noun /ˌsɪnjuˈɒsɪti/

sinuosity

曲がり具合

Meaning

The quality or state of being winding, curving, or having many turns.

Example

The sinuosity of the river made navigation challenging.

川の曲がり具合はナビゲーションを難しくした。

A2 noun ˈsaɪən.tɪst

scientist

科学者

Meaning

A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.

Example

The scientist proposed data-driven reforms.

その科学者はデータ駆動型の改革を提案しました。

B1 noun /slaɪs/

Slice

スライス; 薄切り

Meaning

a thin, flat piece cut from something larger

Example

Would you like a slice of pizza?

ピザのスライスを一つ食べますか?

C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

予言者

Meaning

A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.

Example

The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.

予言者は王国の大きな変化を予測しました。

C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

シミュレート

Meaning

to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially

Example

The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.

パイロットは訓練中に緊急着陸をシミュレートしなければならなかった。

B2 adjective /ˌsen.tɪˈmen.təl/

Sentimental

感傷的な

Meaning

having tender feelings; being emotional about memories or experiences

Example

She became sentimental when looking at old family photographs.

彼女は昔の家族写真を見て感傷的になった。

C2 adjective /ˌsæpəˈneɪʃəs/

saponaceous

石鹸のような

Meaning

Soapy or having the qualities of soap.

Example

The plant has saponaceous leaves that produce foam when rubbed in water.

その植物には、摩擦で泡を作る石鹸のような葉があります。

C2 noun /ˌsæv.wɑːr ˈfeər/

savoir-faire

社交術

Meaning

The ability to act or speak appropriately in social situations; polished social skills.

Example

She handled the delicate situation with remarkable savoir-faire.

彼女は見事な社交術で微妙な状況をうまく処理しました。

B1 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪd/

selected

選ばれた

Meaning

carefully chosen from a group for a particular purpose

Example

He was one of the selected candidates for the scholarship.

彼は奨学金のために選ばれた候補者の一人でした。

C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

侮辱 / 侮辱的な言葉

Meaning

An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.

Example

He made a slur against her character.

彼は彼女のキャラクターについて侮辱的な発言をした。

C2 adjective /səˈprɛsəbl̩/

suppressible

抑制可能な

Meaning

capable of being restrained, controlled, or prevented

Example

The symptoms of the disease are suppressible with medication.

病気の症状は薬で抑制可能です。

B2 verb /slæm/

slam

強く閉める

Meaning

to close or hit something with great force

Example

He slammed the door angrily after the argument.

彼は議論の後に怒ってドアを叩きつけた。

A2 adjective /sɔft/

Soft

柔らかい; やさしい; 静か

Meaning

not hard or firm; gentle; quiet; tender

Example

The pillow is very soft and comfortable.

枕はとても柔らかくて快適です。

C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

投機家

Meaning

A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.

Example

The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.

不動産投機家は、土地の価値が上がることを期待して土地を購入しました。

C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

密航者

Meaning

A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.

Example

The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.

乗組員は貨物室に隠れている密航者を発見しました。

C2 noun /ˈsɪʒ.ən/

scission

分裂

Meaning

the act of cutting or dividing something

Example

The political party suffered a scission over ideological disputes.

その政党はイデオロギーの対立により分裂を経験しました。

A1 determiner /sʌtʃ/

such

そんな

Meaning

of the type previously mentioned or specified

Example

I have never seen such a beautiful painting.

私はこんな美しい絵を見たことがありません。

C2 adjective /ˈsfɪŋks laɪk/

sphinx-like

神秘的な

Meaning

Mysterious, enigmatic, or difficult to interpret

Example

Her sphinx-like smile made it hard to guess what she was thinking.

彼女のスフィンクスのような微笑みは、彼女が何を考えているのかを予測するのを難しくさせた。

B2 adjective /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd/

specialized

専門的な

Meaning

designed or developed for a particular purpose or function

Example

He has a specialized knowledge of ancient civilizations.

彼は古代文明に関する専門的な知識を持っています。

C2 adjective /ˈsɪlvən/

sylvan

森林の

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of the woods or forest.

Example

The cottage was set in a sylvan landscape full of tall trees.

その小屋は、高い木々に囲まれた森林の風景の中にありました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɒmbər/

somber

陰気

Meaning

Dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy or serious.

Example

The funeral had a somber atmosphere.

葬式には暗い雰囲気がありました。

C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

行き詰まり

Meaning

A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.

Example

Negotiations ended in a stalemate.

交渉は行き詰まりました。

B1 noun /ˈʃed.juːl/

Schedule

予定; 時間割;

Meaning

a plan that lists things or events and the times when they will happen; timetable

Example

Please check your schedule before confirming the meeting time.

会議の時間を確認する前に、スケジュールを確認してください。

B1 noun /ˈskwɪr.əl/

Squirrel

リス

Meaning

a small agile tree-dwelling rodent with a long bushy tail

Example

The squirrel gathered nuts for winter.

リスは冬のために木の実を集めていました。

C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

音速より速い; 音速を超える速度に関連する

Meaning

faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound

Example

The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.

超音速ジェットは音の壁を破った。

B2 noun sɔɪl ɪˈrəʊʒən

soil erosion

土壌侵食

Meaning

The wearing away of topsoil by water, wind, or other natural forces.

Example

Soil erosion can lead to the loss of fertile land.

土壌侵食は肥沃な土地の喪失につながる可能性があります。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

重要

Meaning

Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.

Example

The company made substantive changes to its policy.

会社はその方針に重要な変更を加えました。

B2 adjective /ˈslʌɡ.ɪʃ/

Sluggish

遅い; 鈍い; 非活動的

Meaning

slow-moving; lacking energy or alertness; inactive

Example

The old computer became sluggish after running for hours.

古いコンピュータは数時間動かした後、遅くなった。

C2 noun /sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪst/

somnambulist

夢遊病者

Meaning

A person who sleepwalks.

Example

The somnambulist wandered out of the house at night.

夢遊病者は夜に家を出た。

C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

小さいサイズまたは量; 不十分; ほとんど十分

Meaning

small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate

Example

The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.

難民キャンプにはわずかな食料供給がありました。

B1 noun /ʃɒk/

shock

衝撃

Meaning

a sudden upsetting or surprising event or experience

Example

The news of his sudden departure was a shock to everyone.

彼の突然の出発のニュースは皆にショックを与えた。

C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度

Meaning

The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.

Example

The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.

海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。

C2 noun /ˈseɪ.li.əns/

salience

顕著性

Meaning

The quality of being particularly noticeable or important; prominence.

Example

The salience of the issue was highlighted in the debate.

その問題の顕著性は討論で強調されました。

C2 noun /sɪˈkwiːlə/

sequela

後遺症

Meaning

A condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury.

Example

Lung scarring can be a sequela of severe pneumonia.

肺の瘢痕は重度の肺炎の後遺症である可能性があります。

C2 noun /ˈʃaɪstər/

shyster

詐欺師

Meaning

a person, especially a lawyer, who uses unscrupulous or dishonest methods

Example

The businessman was exposed as a shyster who cheated clients.

そのビジネスマンは、顧客を騙す詐欺師として暴露されました。

C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

汚名

Meaning

a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality

Example

There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.

多くの社会では、精神的な健康問題に関して未だに汚名がついています。

B1 noun /ˈstætʃuː/

Statue

通常、石、金属、木材で作られた三次元の芸術作品

Meaning

a three-dimensional work of art, typically made of stone, metal, or wood

Example

The statue of liberty is a famous landmark in New York.

自由の女神像はニューヨークの有名なランドマークです。

C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

示唆的

Meaning

tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative

Example

The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.

その絵画は非常に示唆的で、たくさんの議論を引き起こしました。

C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

ゆっくり燃える

Meaning

to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion

Example

The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.

火は何時間もゆっくり燃えた後に消えました。

B1 noun /ˈsʌn.set/

Sunset

夕日

Meaning

the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon

Example

The romantic sunset painted the sky in golden colors.

ロマンチックな夕日が空を黄金色に塗りつけました。

B1 noun ˈseʃən

session

セッション

Meaning

A meeting of an official body, especially a legislature, council, or court of law, to conduct its business.

Example

The session was held on February 25.

セッションは2月25日に開催されました。

C2 noun /ˈsɒlɪˌsɪzəm/

solecism

文法ミス

Meaning

a grammatical mistake in speech or writing; a breach of good manners or etiquette

Example

His speech was full of solecisms and awkward phrases.

彼のスピーチは文法ミスと不器用なフレーズでいっぱいだった。

C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/

sacrosanct

神聖不可侵

Meaning

Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.

Example

Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.

言論の自由は民主主義社会では神聖不可侵と見なされています。

B2 noun /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃən/

simulation

シミュレーション

Meaning

the imitation of a situation or process

Example

The simulation helped the students understand the complex theory.

シミュレーションは学生が複雑な理論を理解するのを助けました。

B1 noun /ˈsmoʊkər/

smoker

喫煙者

Meaning

A person who smokes tobacco or other substances

Example

He is a heavy smoker and tries to quit every year.

彼は喫煙者で、毎年禁煙しようとしています。

B2 adverb /ˈsɪmɪlərli/

similarly

同様に

Meaning

in a similar way

Example

Similarly, we can achieve success with dedication and hard work.

同様に、私たちは献身と努力によって成功を収めることができます。

C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

隠遁

Meaning

The state of being private, away from other people.

Example

She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.

彼女はキャビンで完全に隠遁した週末を過ごしました。

A2 adverb /ˈsɪm.pli/

Simply

単純に; ただ;

Meaning

in a clear and easy way; merely; just

Example

I simply wanted to help you with your homework.

私はただあなたの宿題を手伝いたかった。

B1 noun /ˈsɛt ʌp/

set-up

構成

Meaning

The arrangement or organization of something; a planned structure or scheme

Example

The company presented a new set-up for the office layout.

会社はオフィスレイアウトのために新しいセットアップを発表した。

A2 noun /spuːn/

Spoon

スプーン

Meaning

an implement consisting of a small, shallow bowl on a long handle, used for eating, stirring, and serving food

Example

He used a spoon to eat his soup.

彼はスープを食べるためにスプーンを使った。

膿が出る

Meaning

to form or discharge pus, usually as a result of infection

Example

The wound began to suppurate after a few days.

傷口は数日後に膿を出し始めました。