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A2 noun /ˈstændərd/

standard

Meaning
a level of quality or achievement, or a measure of comparison
Example
This car meets all the safety standards.
B1 noun /məˈdʒɪʃən/

magician

マジシャン
Meaning
A person who performs tricks and illusions for entertainment or one believed to have magical powers.
Example
The magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.
マジシャンは帽子からウサギを取り出しました。
C2 noun /ˈræʃənəlɪzəm/

rationalism

合理主義
Meaning
a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than religious belief or emotion
Example
Rationalism emphasizes logic and reasoning over faith.
合理主義は信仰よりも論理と推論を強調します。
C2 noun /ˈkɪŋʃɪp/

kingship

王権
Meaning
The position, dignity, or authority of a king.
Example
The king’s advisors often reminded him of the responsibilities of kingship.
王の顧問たちはしばしば彼に王権の責任を思い出させました。
C2 noun /ˈhɑːdɪhʊd/

hardihood

勇気、大胆さ
Meaning
Courage, boldness, or daring behavior; also physical robustness.
Example
The mountaineer's hardihood impressed the entire team.
登山家のハーディフッドはチーム全体を感動させました。
B2 noun /ˈlʊkɪŋ ɡlæs/

Looking glass

鏡
Meaning
a mirror; a piece of glass that reflects images
Example
She looked at herself in the looking glass.
彼女は鏡の中で自分を見ました。
A1 adverb /ðeər/

There

そこ
Meaning
in or at that place; to that place
Example
I will meet you there at 5 PM.
私は午後5時にそこであなたに会います。
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɜrnəli/

externally

外見上
Meaning
in a way that relates to the outer surface or outside appearance
Example
The building appeared externally modern, but inside it was quite old-fashioned.
建物は外見上は現代的に見えたが、中はかなり古風だった。
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

貼り付ける / 取り付ける
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
切手を封筒に貼ってください。
A1 noun /ˈdʒænjuˌɛri/

january

一月
Meaning
the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
January is often the coldest month of the year.
一月は一年で最も寒い月です。
C2 noun /ˈæn.oʊd/

anode

正極
Meaning
The positive electrode in a device such as a battery, where current flows into a polarized electrical device.
Example
The anode of the battery was corroded after long use.
バッテリーの正極は長期間の使用後に腐食していました。
B2 noun /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outskirts

都市の郊外
Meaning
The outer parts of a town or city, away from the center.
Example
They moved to the outskirts of the city for a quieter life.
彼らは静かな生活を求めて都市の郊外に引っ越しました。
B1 noun /rɪˈkɔːdɪŋ/

recording

録音
Meaning
the act or process of recording something
Example
The recording of the interview was clear and loud.
インタビューの録音は明瞭で大きかった。
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

奴隷のような
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
彼の伝統への奴隷のような献身が革新を阻んだ。
C1 noun /ˈfeɪvərɪtɪzəm/

favoritism

えこひいき
Meaning
the practice of giving unfair preferential treatment to one person or group
Example
The manager was accused of favoritism towards certain employees.
マネージャーは特定の従業員に対する偏愛で告発されました。
B2 noun /ˈfriːdəm ˌfaɪtər/

freedom fighter

自由の戦士
Meaning
a person who takes part in an armed or political struggle to achieve freedom or independence for their people or country
Example
The freedom fighter dedicated his life to the liberation of his homeland.
その自由の戦士は祖国の解放のために人生を捧げた。
C1 adjective /tænˈdʒɛnʃəl/

tangential

接線の
Meaning
relating to or along a tangent; slightly or indirectly related to something
Example
His remarks were tangential to the main topic of discussion.
彼のコメントは議論の主要なトピックには関連していなかった。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

反抗
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
その兵士はミッション中の反抗で罰せられました。
B2 adjective, noun, verb /faʊl/

foul

Meaning
offensive to the senses; dirty or unpleasant; in sports, an unfair or illegal act
Example
The player was penalized for committing a foul.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

成層圏
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
成層圏は特別な環境を提供します。
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪstri/

sophistry

詭弁
Meaning
the use of clever but false arguments, often to deceive
Example
The politician's speech was full of sophistry.
その政治家の演説は詭弁に満ちていた。
B1 noun /əˈsɪstəns/

Assistance

援助; 支援
Meaning
the action of helping someone with a job or task; support
Example
She offered her assistance with the project.
彼女はプロジェクトで援助を提供しました。
B1 noun /θroʊt/

Throat

喉; 気管; 首の前部
Meaning
the passage that leads from the back of the mouth to the stomach and lungs; the front part of the neck
Example
He had a sore throat and couldn't speak clearly.
彼は喉が痛くて、はっきりと話すことができませんでした。
B1 noun /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/

Motion

動き; 移動の行動
Meaning
the action of moving or being moved; a formal proposal
Example
The car was in constant motion during the journey.
その車は旅の間、常に動いていました。
A2 pronoun /huːˈɛvər/

whoever

誰でも
Meaning
any person who; no matter who
Example
Whoever wants to join the trip must register today.
誰でもこの旅行に参加したい場合は、今日中に登録する必要があります。
A1 verb /fiːl/

Feel

感じる; 経験する; 触れる
Meaning
to experience an emotion or physical sensation; to touch something
Example
I feel happy when I see my friends.
友達を見ると、私は幸せを感じます。
C2 noun /praɪˈveɪʃən/

privation

欠乏, 貧困
Meaning
A state in which things essential for human well-being such as food and warmth are lacking.
Example
The refugees suffered great privation during the harsh winter.
難民たちは厳しい冬の間に大きな欠乏に苦しみました。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsaɪtəbl̩/

excitable

興奮しやすい
Meaning
easily excited or emotionally aroused
Example
The child was excitable and laughed at every small thing.
その子供は興奮しやすく、何でも小さなことで笑っていた。
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtərdəm/

Martyrdom

殉教
Meaning
The suffering of death on account of adherence to a cause or principle
Example
His martyrdom inspired countless others to join the freedom movement.
彼の殉教は、無数の他の人々を自由運動に参加させるインスピレーションとなった。
C2 noun /ˈplætɪtjuːd/

platitude

陳腐な言葉
Meaning
a remark or statement that is overused and unoriginal
Example
He kept repeating the same platitudes during the speech.
彼はスピーチの中で同じプレティチュードを繰り返し続けた。
B1 adjective /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/

Ambitious

野心的
Meaning
having strong desire for success or achievement; aspiring
Example
She is ambitious and works hard to achieve her goals.
彼女は野心的で、目標を達成するために一生懸命働いています。
B2 adjective /ʌnˈriːzənəbəl/

unreasonable

理不尽な
Meaning
not guided by reason or fairness; excessive or extreme beyond what is acceptable
Example
The manager made an unreasonable demand that no one could realistically meet.
マネージャーは理不尽な要求をした。
C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

隣接
Meaning
having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning
Example
The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.
これらの2つの管轄区域は隣接しており、同じ境界を共有しています。
A1 noun /ˈeɪprɪl/

april

4月
Meaning
the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
April is known for its pleasant spring weather.
4月は心地よい春の天気で知られています。
B2 adverb /hɛns/

hence

それゆえ
Meaning
for this reason; as a result
Example
She was the best candidate, hence she was chosen for the job.
彼女は最良の候補者であったため、仕事のために選ばれました。
C2 adjective /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒrɪkəl/

phantasmagorical

幻想的な
Meaning
Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.
Example
The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world.
映画はもう一つの世界の幻想的なビジョンを作り出しました。
A1 adjective /ʃʊr/

Sure

確か; 確実に
Meaning
completely confident that something is true; certain; definitely true
Example
I am sure that he will come tomorrow.
私は彼が明日来ると確信しています。
C1 verb /dɪsˈbænd/

disband

解散する
Meaning
to break up and stop functioning as a group or organization
Example
The club decided to disband after twenty years of activity.
クラブは20年の活動後に解散することを決定した。
C1 noun /ˈtɒr.ənt/

Torrent

激流; 洪水
Meaning
a strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid; a sudden, violent, and copious outpouring
Example
The heavy rain created a torrent of water rushing down the mountain.
激しい雨が山を下る水の流れを作り出しました。
C1 adjective /ˈbrɪslɪŋ/

bristling

逆立ちした; エネルギーに満ちた
Meaning
full of energy, anger, or excitement; showing bristles standing up
Example
He entered the room bristling with confidence.
彼は自信満々で部屋に入った。
C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

悲しげな, 哀れな
Meaning
expressing sadness or sorrow
Example
He raised a plaintive cry for help.
彼は助けを求めて哀願するような叫びを上げた。
C1 noun/verb /fliːs/

fleece

Meaning
The woolly covering of a sheep; as a verb, to swindle or cheat someone.
Example
The farmer sheared the sheep’s fleece carefully.
B2 noun /ˈdʌbəl ˈdekər/

Double decker

二階建てバス
Meaning
a bus with two levels or floors for passengers
Example
The red double decker bus is a famous symbol of London.
赤いダブルデッカーバスはロンドンの有名なシンボルです。
B2 adjective /pælɛˈstɪnɪən/

palestinian

パレスチナの
Meaning
relating to Palestine or its people
Example
The Palestinian people have a rich cultural heritage.
パレスチナの人々は豊かな文化遺産を持っています。
C1 adjective /təˈren.ʃəl/

Torrential

土砂降り; 激しい雨
Meaning
falling rapidly in copious streams; extremely heavy rainfall
Example
The torrential rain flooded the streets within hours.
土砂降りの雨が数時間以内に通りを浸水させた。
C1 adjective /ˈtɪklɪʃ/

ticklish

Meaning
easily made to laugh by being touched lightly; easily upset or sensitive
Example
She is very ticklish and bursts into laughter when touched on her feet.
B2 noun /ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃən/

corporation

株式会社
Meaning
A large company or group of companies that is legally recognized as a single entity.
Example
The corporation invested heavily in renewable energy projects.
そのコーポレーションは再生可能エネルギーのプロジェクトに多額の投資を行った。
C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

記憶術、記憶を助ける技術
Meaning
Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.
Example
A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.
ニーモニック装置は学生が複雑な概念を覚えるのに役立ちます。
C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

無作法な
Meaning
lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing
Example
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
彼の無作法な振る舞いは、ディナー・パーティーで皆を驚かせた。
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪvstoʊn/

gravestone

墓石
Meaning
A stone that marks a grave, usually inscribed with the name of the deceased.
Example
The gravestone had her name carved beautifully.
その墓石には彼女の名前が美しく彫られていた。
C1 noun /ˈhɪntərlænd/

hinterland

内陸地域
Meaning
The remote or less developed areas away from the coast or a city.
Example
The farmers came from the rural hinterland to sell their produce in the city.
農民たちは地方の内陸地域から来て、都市で自分たちの農産物を販売しました。
C2 adverb /əˈbæk/

Aback

驚いた
Meaning
by surprise; unexpectedly
Example
I was taken aback by his sudden announcement.
私は彼の突然の発表に驚きました。
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

説得力
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
彼女の説得力は、チームに彼女の提案に従わせました。
B2 adjective /ˈtrædʒɪk/

Tragic

悲劇的な
Meaning
very sad; involving death or extreme suffering
Example
The plane crash was a tragic accident.
飛行機事故は悲劇的な事故でした。
C1 adjective /ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk/

apathetic

Meaning
showing or feeling little or no interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
He was apathetic about the outcome of the match.
C2 verb /ˈædjʊˌleɪt/

adulate

過剰に賛美する
Meaning
to praise or flatter excessively
Example
The fans adulated the actor after his performance.
ファンたちは彼のパフォーマンスの後、俳優を賛美しました。
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

洞窟
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
探検家たちは山の下にある暗い洞窟に入った。
B1 adjective /ˈsekənderi/

secondary

二次的
Meaning
Less important than something else; derived from or dependent on something primary.
Example
Safety is our primary concern, while speed is only secondary.
安全は私たちの最優先事項であり、速度は二次的なものです。
C2 adjective /ˈfræk.ʃəs/

Fractious

わがままな; けんか腰の; 手に負えない
Meaning
irritable and quarrelsome; difficult to control; bad-tempered
Example
The fractious child refused to follow any of the teacher's instructions.
その気難しい子供は教師の指示に従うことを拒否しました。
A1 noun /skaɪ/

Sky

空
Meaning
the region of the atmosphere and outer space seen from the earth
Example
The sky is blue today.
今日は空が青いです。
C2 noun /ɜːrˈbænɪti/

urbanity

都会的な気品
Meaning
refined courtesy, elegance, and sophistication in manner
Example
Her urbanity made her popular among diplomats and leaders.
彼女の都会的な気品は、外交官やリーダーの間で人気を集めました。
B2 noun /joʊlk/

Yolk

卵黄
Meaning
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, especially a hen's egg, which is rich in protein and fat
Example
She separated the egg white from the yolk.
彼女は卵白を卵黄から分けました。
C2 adjective /ˈfluːviəl/

fluvial

河川に関連する
Meaning
relating to or found in a river
Example
The fluvial deposits indicated the presence of an ancient river system.
河川堆積物は古代の川のシステムの存在を示していた。
C1 noun /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/

constituency

選挙区
Meaning
A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.
Example
She campaigned tirelessly across her constituency.
彼女は選挙区で疲れ知らずに選挙運動を行いました。
B1 noun ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn

recognition

認識
Meaning
Acknowledgment of the existence, validity, or legality of something; appreciation or acclaim for an achievement, service, or ability.
Example
He earned recognition after years of struggle.
彼は長年の努力の後、認識を得ました。
A1 adjective /hɒt/

Hot

熱い; 温かい; 焼けるような;
Meaning
having high temperature; warm; heated;
Example
The coffee is too hot to drink.
コーヒーは飲むには熱すぎる。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

使用可能
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
その古い自転車は年齢に関係なく、まだ使用可能です。
A2 verb /rɪŋ/

ring

鳴る
Meaning
to make a clear sound like a bell; to call by telephone
Example
The bell rings every hour.
鐘は毎時鳴る。
C2 verb /kənˈstrɪndʒ/

constringe

収縮する
Meaning
to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict
Example
The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.
その薬は腫れた組織を収縮させるのに役立ちました。
C2 noun /ˌpriːpəˈzɛʃən/

prepossession

先入観
Meaning
An opinion or feeling formed beforehand; a prejudice or preoccupation.
Example
His prepossession in favor of tradition made him resist change.
彼の伝統への先入観は彼を変化に抵抗させました。
C1 noun /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən wɔːr/

liberation war

解放戦争
Meaning
a war fought to gain freedom from foreign rule, occupation, or oppression; an armed struggle for national independence
Example
The liberation war reshaped the nation’s history and identity.
解放戦争は国の歴史を大きく変えた。
C2 verb /ˈwɪzn/

wizen

しおれる
Meaning
To become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled.
Example
The flowers began to wizen after days without water.
花は数日間水なしでしおれ始めました。
A2 adjective /smɑːrt/

Smart

賢い; 機知に富んだ; よく着飾った; スタイリッシュ
Meaning
intelligent; quick-witted; well-dressed; stylish
Example
She made a smart decision to invest in technology stocks.
彼女はテクノロジー株に投資するという賢い決断を下しました。
B2 noun /æmˈbæsədər/

Ambassador

大使
Meaning
an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country
Example
The ambassador met with government officials to discuss trade agreements.
大使は貿易協定について議論するために政府の役人と会いました。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

分解する
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
彼は修理のためにコンピュータを分解しなければならなかった。
B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

審判
Meaning
a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed
Example
The referee stopped the game after a foul.
審判はファウルの後、試合を停止しました。
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

憤慨
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
不公平な判決の後で、公衆の憤慨が高まった。
A1 interjection /jɛə/

yeah

はい
Meaning
used to express agreement or affirmation
Example
Yeah, I’ll go to the store with you.
はい、私はあなたと一緒に店に行きます。
A2 noun /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Exchange

交換
Meaning
an act of giving one thing and receiving another in return
Example
The exchange of gifts is a common tradition during the holidays.
贈り物の交換は休日に一般的な伝統です。
C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

壮麗
Meaning
splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty
Example
The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.
宮殿の壮麗さに誰もが言葉を失った。
A1 determiner /sʌtʃ/

such

そんな
Meaning
of the type previously mentioned or specified
Example
I have never seen such a beautiful painting.
私はこんな美しい絵を見たことがありません。
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.saɪ.dər/

Out-sider

アウトサイダー
Meaning
a person who does not belong to a particular group; someone not accepted by a group
Example
As an outsider, he found it difficult to understand their traditions.
アウトサイダーとして、彼は彼らの伝統を理解するのが難しいと感じました。
C1 adjective /ˈtɒrɪd/

torrid

非常に暑く乾燥している; 強い感情や情熱に満ちている
Meaning
Very hot and dry; full of strong emotions or passion.
Example
The desert heat was torrid during the day.
砂漠の熱は昼間非常に暑かった。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

不燃
Meaning
Not capable of catching fire or burning.
Example
This material is incombustible and safe for construction.
この材料は燃えません、安全に建設に使用できます。
B2 verb /ˈflætər/

flatter

過度または不誠実にお世辞を言って、恩恵を得る
Meaning
to praise excessively or insincerely to gain favor
Example
He tried to flatter his boss to get a promotion.
彼は昇進を得るために上司をお世辞で持ち上げようとした。
B2 adverb /sɪˈvɪərli/

severely

ひどく
Meaning
to a great degree; very seriously or harshly
Example
The patient was severely injured in the accident.
患者は事故でひどく負傷しました。
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

追い出す
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
レフェリーはアンスポーツマンライクな行為で選手を追い出さなければならなかった。
C2 noun /kɒzˈmɒɡ.rə.fi/

cosmography

コスモグラフィー
Meaning
the science or art of mapping the universe or cosmos
Example
Medieval scholars practiced cosmography to chart the stars and planets.
中世の学者たちは、星や惑星の地図を作成するためにコスモグラフィーを実践していました。
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

素因
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
遺伝的要因は、病気に対する人の素因に影響を与える可能性があります。
B2 noun /ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/

Repetition

繰り返し
Meaning
the action of repeating something that has already been said or written
Example
Constant repetition helps students memorize vocabulary effectively.
継続的な繰り返しは、学生が語彙を効果的に覚えるのを助けます。
C1 noun /flʌks/

flux

フロー
Meaning
continuous change or movement; the rate of flow of something
Example
The company was in a state of constant flux during the reorganization.
会社は再編成の間、絶え間ない変化の中にありました。
C2 noun /ˈlɔːrdlɪŋ/

lordling

小さな領主
Meaning
A young or petty lord; someone of minor nobility.
Example
The arrogant lordling demanded respect despite his lack of experience.
傲慢なロードリングは経験不足にもかかわらず、尊敬を要求した。
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

古代
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
遺跡はその都市の古代を思い出させるものです。
B2 adjective ɪkˈsep.ʃən.əl

exceptional

卓越した
Meaning
Unusually good; outstanding; forming an exception; not typical.
Example
Exceptional talent drives innovation.
卓越した才能が革新を促進する。
B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

抽象的, 要約
Meaning
existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text
Example
The artist is known for her abstract paintings.
そのアーティストはアブストラクトな絵画で知られています。
B2 noun ˈɪnər strɛŋkθ

inner strength

内面の強さ
Meaning
Mental or spiritual power that helps a person cope with difficulties.
Example
Community service fosters inner strength in individuals.
コミュニティサービスは個人に内面的な強さを育む。
B1 verb /əˈkjuːz/

accuse

告発する
Meaning
to charge someone with a crime or wrongdoing
Example
She accused him of stealing her wallet.
彼女は彼を財布を盗んだことで告訴した。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaʊ/

endow

Meaning
To provide with a quality, ability, or gift; to donate funds for a purpose.
Example
The university was endowed with a generous donation.
B2 noun /ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri/

cemetery

墓地
Meaning
a place where dead people are buried
Example
The old cemetery is located at the edge of the village.
古い墓地は村の端にあります。
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

核心
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
問題の核心はコミュニケーション不足にあります。
A2 verb /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

missing

行方不明
Meaning
Being without or lacking; failing to be present or included.
Example
Many youths are missing economic opportunities.
多くの若者が経済的機会を逃しています。
B1 noun /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

passage

狭い通路; 断片/引用; 一つの状態や場所から他の場所へ移動するプロセス
Meaning
a narrow way through or between; a section of text or music; the process of moving from one state or place to another
Example
The narrow passage led from the courtyard to the library.
狭い通路は中庭から図書館へと続いていた。
A2 adverb /əˈbʌv/

Above

上に; 上方
Meaning
in or to a higher place; overhead
Example
The airplane flew above the clouds.
飛行機は雲の上を飛んでいました。
A1 noun /biːtʃ/

beach

ビーチ
Meaning
An area of sand or small stones beside the sea or a lake.
Example
They spent the day relaxing on the beach.
彼らはビーチでリラックスして一日を過ごしました。
B2 adjective /ˈlaɪf.lɒŋ/

lifelong

生涯
Meaning
Lasting or existing for the whole of a person's life.
Example
They remained lifelong friends.
彼らは生涯の友人でした。
C2 noun /ˈoʊ.kəm/

oakum

古いロープの繊維
Meaning
loose fibers obtained by untwisting old ropes, used for caulking ships
Example
The shipbuilders used oakum to seal the gaps in the wooden planks.
船大工たちは木の板の隙間を塞ぐためにオーカムを使いました。
B2 noun ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs

photosynthesis

光合成
Meaning
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Example
Plants depend on photosynthesis for survival.
植物は生存のために光合成に依存している。
C1 verb dɪˈlɪnieɪt

delineate

詳細に描写する
Meaning
To describe or portray something precisely
Example
The artist delineated the scene in intricate detail.
アーティストはシーンを複雑な詳細で描写しました。
B1 verb /tʃuː/

chew

幸せ
Meaning
to bite food into smaller pieces with your teeth before swallowing it
Example
You should chew your food properly to help with digestion.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せませんでした。
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

対戦相手
Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
ボクサーはリングで強い対戦相手に立ち向かった。
B1 verb /əbˈzɜːrv/

observe

観察する
Meaning
to watch carefully; to notice or perceive something
Example
Scientists observe the behavior of animals in the wild.
科学者たちは野生動物の行動を観察します。
B2 noun əˈsʌmp.ʃənz

assumptions

仮定
Meaning
Things that are accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof.
Example
His assumptions about the project were completely wrong.
彼のプロジェクトに関する仮定は完全に間違っていた。
B2 noun əˈlaɪ.əns

alliance

同盟
Meaning
A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
Example
Global alliances promote environmental sustainability.
グローバルアライアンスは環境の持続可能性を促進します。
C1 noun /blaɪt/

blight

枯れ病
Meaning
A disease or condition that causes plants to wither; something that spoils or damages.
Example
The drought was a blight on the farmer’s crops.
干ばつは農家の作物にとって枯れ病でした。
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.plʌs/

surplus

余剰
Meaning
An amount that is more than what is needed.
Example
The country has a surplus of food this year.
今年、その国には食料の余剰があります。
B1 adverb /ˈleɪt.li/

Lately

最近; この頃;
Meaning
recently; in the recent past; not long ago
Example
I haven't seen him lately, but I heard he got a new job.
最近彼を見ていませんが、新しい仕事を得たと聞きました。
C2 adjective /ˌkloʊs ˈhɔːld/

close-hauled

風上に最も近い帆走
Meaning
of a sailing ship, sailing as nearly as possible towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Example
The yacht was close-hauled as it cut through the waves.
ヨットは波を切りながら風上に近い方向で進んでいた。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈleɪ.bərd/

labored

苦労した
Meaning
done with great effort and difficulty; or past tense of labor
Example
He gave a labored explanation that confused the audience.
彼は観客を混乱させた苦しげな説明をした。
B2 adjective /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

Identical

同一の; 全く同じ
Meaning
exactly the same; not different in any way
Example
The twins look completely identical to each other.
双子は完全に同じに見えます。
B1 verb /ʃuːt/

shoot

撃つ / 写真を撮る
Meaning
to fire a bullet or arrow from a weapon; to take a photograph or film
Example
He learned how to shoot a bow and arrow.
彼は弓と矢で射撃する方法を学んだ。
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈleɪʃən/

appellation

名称 / タイトル
Meaning
a name or title
Example
The city has earned the appellation 'The Big Apple'.
その都市は「ビッグアップル」という名称を得ました。