Shrewd
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C1 adjective /ʃruːd/

Shrewd

賢い; 鋭い; 分別のある
Meaning
having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute
Example
The shrewd businessman made a profitable deal in the competitive market.
その賢いビジネスマンは、競争の激しい市場で利益を上げる取引をしました。
C1 noun/verb /stæmˈpiːd/

stampede

パニック状態の群衆
Meaning
A sudden, uncontrolled rush of people or animals; to cause a mass movement.
Example
The loud noise caused a stampede of the crowd.
大きな音が群衆の中でスタンピードを引き起こしました。
C1 noun /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

shrinkage

収縮
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller in size, amount, or value.
Example
The company reported a shrinkage in profits this quarter.
その会社は今四半期の利益の収縮を報告しました。
C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

唸り声、渋滞
Meaning
to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess
Example
The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.
犬はゲート近くの見知らぬ人に唸った。
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

窒息させる / 覆う
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
彼女は毛布で火を覆った。
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

同義語
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
多くの人にとって、彼女の名前は寛大さの同義語です。
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主観的
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
美しさはしばしば主観的な概念と見なされます。
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

乱雑または不潔な外見; 汚れたしぼんだ
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
そのみすぼらしい老犬は、食べ物を探して通りをさまよっていました。
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

統計学者
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
統計学者は調査結果を明確に示しました。
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

主権の, 最高の
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
主権政府は自国の通貨を管理している。
C1 adjective /ˈsaʊnd.pruːf/

Sound-proof

防音; 音の出入りを防ぐ
Meaning
impervious to sound; preventing sound from entering or leaving
Example
The recording studio has sound-proof walls.
レコーディングスタジオには防音壁があります。
C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

音速より速い; 音速を超える速度に関連する
Meaning
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
Example
The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.
超音速ジェットは音の壁を破った。
C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

図式的な、または簡潔な
Meaning
Presenting some framework or concept briefly
Example
The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.
エンジニアはプロジェクトのスキマティックな図を提供しました。
C1 adjective /ˈsæv.i/

savvy

賢い, 熟練した
Meaning
Having practical knowledge and the ability to make good judgments.
Example
She is a tech-savvy entrepreneur.
彼女はテクノロジーに詳しい起業家です。
C1 adjective /səˈnɔːrəs/

sonorous

深い音
Meaning
Deep, full, and rich in sound.
Example
The actor's sonorous voice filled the entire theater.
俳優のソノラスな声が劇場全体に響き渡った。
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

わずかな
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
彼の主張を支持する証拠はほとんどなかった。
C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

まばら
Meaning
thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant
Example
Vegetation was sparse in the desert.
砂漠では植生がまばらだった。
C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

未婚女性
Meaning
An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry
Example
The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.
その小説には、村の子供たちの世話をしていた心優しい未婚女性が登場した。
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

急に曲がる
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
車は凍った道路を滑っていった。
C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

主権
Meaning
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.
Example
Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.
主権は国家のアイデンティティにとって不可欠です。
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

感染した
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
医者は患者のセプティックな傷をすぐに治療しました。
C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

溶かす
Meaning
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting
Example
The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.
作業員は工場で鉱石から鉄を溶かして取り出します。
C1 noun /straɪf/

strife

争い、闘争
Meaning
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
Example
The region has been torn apart by political strife.
その地域は政治的な争いで引き裂かれました。
C1 adjective /skəˈlæstɪk/

scholastic

学問的な
Meaning
Relating to schools, education, or academic learning.
Example
The school organizes scholastic competitions every year.
学校は毎年学問的な競技を開催します。
C1 verb ˈsɪŋ.krə.naɪz

synchronize

同期させる
Meaning
To coordinate in time; to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
Example
The dancers need to synchronize their movements.
ダンサーは彼らの動きを同期させる必要があります。
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

スポンジ状
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
ケーキは軽くてスポンジ状の質感がありました。
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

皮肉な
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
その小説は都市生活を皮肉な視点で描いています。
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

静けさ
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
瞑想は内面的な静けさを達成するのに役立ちます。
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

密航者
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
乗組員は貨物室に隠れている密航者を発見しました。
C1 verb /səˈlɪsɪt/

solicit

お願いする
Meaning
to ask for or try to obtain something from someone
Example
The charity is soliciting donations for flood victims.
チャリティは洪水の被害者のために寄付を募っています。
C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk

semantic

言語における意味に関連する
Meaning
Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.
Example
AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.
AIモデルはコンテキストを理解するためにセマンティック分析を使用します。
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

ストイック主義
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
困難な時に彼のストイック主義は賞賛に値した。
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

不動の; 固い; 揺るがない
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
彼女は貧しい人々を助けるという自分の誓いに不動であり続けました。
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

半年ごと
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
会社は6ヶ月ごとに全社員との会議を開きます。
C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

シャーベット
Meaning
a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice
Example
On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.
暑い日には、彼女はレモンシャーベットを一杯楽しんでいます。
C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

切る
Meaning
to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool
Example
She snipped the loose thread from her dress.
彼女はドレスの緩んだ糸を切りました。
C1 adjective səˈsaɪ.ə.təl

societal

社会的
Meaning
Relating to society or social relationships.
Example
Societal benefits of space tourism are under debate.
宇宙観光の社会的利点が議論されています。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

自己肯定
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
日々の自己肯定は自信を高めることができます。
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

非常に汚い
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
彼は壊れた家具のある汚い部屋に住んでいた。
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

シュガーキャンディ
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
子供たちは祭りでカラフルなシュガーキャンディを食べて楽しみました。
C1 noun /ˈstɒpɪdʒ/

stoppage

停止; 中断
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity
Example
The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers.
電車の突然の停止で、すべての乗客に遅れが生じた。
C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

疥癬
Meaning
a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.
医師は発疹を調べた後、彼に疥癬と診断した。
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

些細なことで口論する
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
子供たちはケーキの最後の一切れを巡って争っていました。
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

感作化
Meaning
The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.
Example
The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.
医者は化学物質への繰り返しの暴露によって引き起こされる感作化について警告しました。
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦り傷
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
彼は歩道で靴を擦り傷をつけた。
C1 noun ˌsɛlf.rɪˈstreɪnt

self-restraint

自己抑制
Meaning
The practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically an impulse or desire.
Example
Practicing self-restraint helps in avoiding impulsive decisions.
自己抑制を実践することで、衝動的な決定を避けるのに役立ちます。
C1 adjective /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/

subconscious

潜在意識
Meaning
Of or concerning the part of the mind which one is not fully aware of but which influences actions and feelings.
Example
Fears often come from the subconscious mind.
恐怖はしばしば潜在意識から生まれます。
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

蛇行の
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
その道は山を通り、蛇行する道を取った。
C1 adjective /smʌɡ/

smug

自惚れた
Meaning
having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements
Example
He wore a smug smile after winning the debate.
彼は議論に勝った後、自惚れた笑顔を見せた。
C1 verb /ˈsnɪkər/

snicker

ひそかに笑う
Meaning
to laugh quietly in a disrespectful or mocking way
Example
The students snickered when the teacher made a mistake.
先生が間違えたとき、生徒たちはこっそり笑いました。
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

共生的な
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
ミツバチと花の関係は共生的です。
C1 adjective /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/

simplistic

過度に単純化された
Meaning
treating complex issues as if they were much simpler than they really are
Example
His explanation was too simplistic and ignored key details.
彼の説明は過度に単純化されており、重要な詳細を無視していました。
C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

間隔反復
Meaning
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.
Example
Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.
スペースド・リピティションは長期記憶を保持するのに役立ちます。
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

型抜き
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
アーティストは壁に同じ星を描くために型抜きを使用しました。
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

悪臭
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
ゴミの臭いが路地を満たした。
C1 noun /skwɔːl/

squall

突風
Meaning
a sudden violent gust of wind, often accompanied by rain, snow, or sleet
Example
A sudden squall caught the sailors off guard.
突然の突風が船員たちを驚かせた。
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

独白
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
ハムレットの独白はシェイクスピアのドラマの中で最も有名なパッセージの一つです。
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

ちょっとした知識
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
彼はスペイン語についてちょっとした知識を持っている。
C1 verb /ˈstɪntɪŋ/

stinting

けちけちと与える
Meaning
to supply sparingly or with restrictions
Example
He never stinting his efforts to help the poor.
彼は貧しい人々を助けるために決して手を抜きません。
C1 noun stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

storm intensification

嵐の強化
Meaning
The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.
Example
Storm intensification is linked to climate change.
嵐の強化は気候変動に関連しています。
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

魅力的で洗練された
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
彼はパーティーで全員に感銘を与えた洗練された紳士だった。
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

きらめく
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
彼女のきらめく会話は皆を楽しませた。
C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

厳格
Meaning
strict, precise, and exacting
Example
The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.
政府は危機の間に厳しい措置を課しました。
C1 noun /ˈstætʃuːt/

statute

法律
Meaning
A written law passed by a legislative body.
Example
The new statute protects workers' rights.
新しい法律は労働者の権利を保護します。
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

隔離する
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
修道士は山で自分を孤立させることを選びました。
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

衛生管理
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
定期的な衛生管理により、機器が無菌状態に保たれます。
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

洗練する
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
海外旅行は彼の世界観を洗練させる手助けとなった。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

self-indulgence

自己 indulgence
Meaning
The act of allowing oneself to enjoy pleasures or desires excessively.
Example
His weekend of self-indulgence included eating sweets and watching movies nonstop.
彼の自己満足の週末は、甘いものを食べて映画を見続けることが含まれていました。
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

置き換える
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
この新しい法律は古い規則を置き換えます。
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

焦がす
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
火事が建物の壁を焦がした。
C1 noun /ˈsɪndɪkət/

syndicate

シンジケート
Meaning
A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest or carry out a business venture.
Example
A syndicate of investors bought the struggling company.
投資家のシンジケートが困難な会社を買収しました。
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

救助
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
彼らは火事からいくつかの物を救出することに成功した。
C1 noun /ˈsiːskeɪp/

seascape

海の景色
Meaning
A view or painting of the sea.
Example
The artist painted a beautiful seascape at sunset.
アーティストは夕日で美しい海の景色を描きました。
C1 adjective/noun /ˈsʌkjələnt/

succulent

ジューシーな
Meaning
Juicy or full of juice; also refers to a plant with thick, fleshy leaves adapted to storing water.
Example
The steak was so succulent that everyone enjoyed it.
ステーキはとてもジューシーで、皆が楽しんで食べました。
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

冷静な, 無感情な
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
彼女は危機の間、冷静で恐怖やパニックを示さなかった。
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

小屋
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
漁師は海岸近くの小さな小屋に住んでいました。
C1 noun /səˈnɑːtə/

sonata

音楽作品 (ソナタ)
Meaning
A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically in several movements.
Example
She performed a beautiful Beethoven sonata on the piano.
彼女はピアノで美しいベートーヴェンのソナタを演奏しました。
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

幸せ
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

幸福
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができませんでした。
C1 noun/verb /spuːf/

spoof

ユーモアのある模倣
Meaning
A humorous imitation of something, or to trick or parody someone or something.
Example
The comedian spoofed the politician’s speech to entertain the audience.
コメディアンは政治家の演説を模倣して観客を楽しませました。
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

地下
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
地下の水源は農業の維持に役立ちます。
C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

悪党
Meaning
a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain
Example
That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.
その悪党は老人から貯金を騙し取った。
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

可溶性
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
砂糖は水に溶けやすい。
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

速く走る
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
ライトがついたとき、ネズミたちはキッチンの床を速く走った。
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

緩める
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
運転手は村に近づくにつれて速度を緩めた。
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnləs/

Sinless

無罪; 無邪気; 純粋
Meaning
free from sin; pure and innocent; without moral fault
Example
The innocent child appeared sinless in her pure white dress.
無邪気な子供は純白のドレスで罪のないように見えた。
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

スクロール依存症
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
スクロール依存症はスマートフォンユーザーの間で増加している懸念事項です。
C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

幽霊
Meaning
A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.
Example
The specter of war still haunts the region.
戦争の幽霊は今でもその地域をおびやかしています。
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

概要
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
出版社は著者に小説の1ページ分の概要を提出するよう依頼しました。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

豪華な
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
ゲストは豪華な晩餐にもてなされました。
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

意識の閾値以下で存在または作用し、無意識に心に影響を与える
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
広告にはしばしばサブリミナルメッセージが含まれています。
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

サバンナ（散在する木々がある草原）
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
キリンは広いサバンナでアカシアの木の葉を食べていました。
C1 noun /stɑːr ˈæn.ɪs/

Star Anise

スターアニス
Meaning
star-shaped spice pod with a licorice-like flavor used in cooking
Example
She added star anise to the soup for aromatic flavor.
彼女はスープに香り豊かな風味を加えるためにスターアニスを入れました。
C1 verb /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/

scrutinize

慎重に調べる
Meaning
Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Example
The scientist scrutinized the data before publishing his findings.
科学者は自分の発見を公開する前にデータを慎重に調べました。
C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

交換
Meaning
the action of replacing someone or something with another
Example
The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.
古いシステムを新しいシステムに置き換えることは難しかった。
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

持続可能で協力的なアプローチ
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
環境問題を解決するためには、持続可能で協力的なアプローチが不可欠です。
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

簡素化
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
プロセスの簡素化は、運用コストを大幅に削減することができます。
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

しわになる
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
花は暑い太陽の下でしわになった。
C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

海峡
Meaning
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.
Example
The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
ジブラルタル海峡は大西洋と地中海を繋いでいます。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

卑屈な
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
彼の卑屈な態度は同僚を困らせていました。
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

感受性
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
感染症に対する高い感受性は追加のケアを必要とします。
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

発芽する
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
種は数日間の雨の後に発芽し始めました。
C1 adjective ˌsəʊsɪəʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl

sociopolitical

社会政治的
Meaning
Combining social and political factors.
Example
Sociopolitical factors often influence public policy decisions.
社会政治的要因はしばしば公共政策決定に影響を与えます。
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

慰め
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
彼女は失った後、音楽に慰めを見つけました。
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

しかめっ面をする
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
彼女は不公平なコメントを聞いてしかめっ面をした。
C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

目を細める
Meaning
to look with partly closed eyes
Example
She squinted at the bright sunlight.
彼女は明るい日差しで目を細めた。
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切る、関係を断つ
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
彼は争いの後、会社との関係を断たなければならなかった。
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

昏迷
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
彼は衝撃的なニュースを聞いた後、昏迷状態に陥った。
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

材木職人
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
熟練した材木職人は丸太を板に切りました。
C1 adjective /ˈstrɛnjuəs/

strenuous

厳しい
Meaning
Requiring or using great effort and energy.
Example
Climbing the mountain was a strenuous task.
山登りは厳しい仕事だった。
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

沈める
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
洪水の水が村を沈めると脅かしていました。
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

季節に適した
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
季節の雨が農家の作物を助けました。
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

鎮静剤
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
医者は患者が眠れるように鎮静剤を処方しました。
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

自信過剰
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
彼はまるでその場所のオーナーであるかのように部屋に入ってきました。
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

スイートライム
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
スイートライムジュースは暑い日にさわやかでした。
C1 verb /sʌlk/

sulk

むくれる
Meaning
to be silent and bad-tempered because you are angry or disappointed
Example
She sulked in her room after the argument.
議論の後、彼女は自分の部屋でむくれていた。
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

救済
Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
物語は救いのテーマを中心に展開します。
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

スタンザ
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
その詩は自然を描写するスタンザで始まります。
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

汚れ, スマッジ
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
彼女はうっかりナプキンにリップスティックをつけてしまった。