C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

粗末な

Meaning

badly made or done; of poor quality

Example

The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.

契約者は修理作業で粗末な仕事をしました。

B2 verb /ˈstreɪtən/

straighten

整える

Meaning

to make something straight or tidy; to correct or organize

Example

She straightened her hair before the meeting.

会議の前に彼女は髪を整えた。

B2 noun /ˈstɑːrtər/

starter

何かを始める人または物; 食事の最初の料理

Meaning

a person or thing that starts something; the first course of a meal

Example

The starter of the meal was a fresh salad.

食事のスターターは新鮮なサラダでした。

B2 noun /ˈsæŋk.tʃuˌɛr.i/

sanctuary

避難所

Meaning

A place of safety, refuge, or protection; a sacred place.

Example

The forest is a sanctuary for endangered animals.

その森は絶滅危惧種の動物たちの避難所です。

C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

安定化

Meaning

The process of making or becoming stable.

Example

The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.

地震後、構造の安定化が不可欠でした。

C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

克服する

Meaning

to overcome a difficulty or obstacle

Example

He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.

彼はすべての挑戦を乗り越えて夢を実現しました。

B2 noun /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/

serving

ポーション

Meaning

a portion of food for one person; the act of giving food or drink to someone

Example

He ate a large serving of rice and curry.

彼は大きなポーションのご飯とカレーを食べました。

C1 verb /ˈstrætɪfaɪ/

stratify

階層化する

Meaning

to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories

Example

The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups.

研究者たちは年齢層に基づいてデータを階層化する予定です。

B2 noun /səˈspens/

Suspense

サスペンス

Meaning

a feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what will happen

Example

The movie kept us in suspense until the very end.

映画は最後まで私たちをサスペンスの中に保ちました。

C1 noun /ʃraɪn/

Shrine

聖地; 神殿; 祈りの場

Meaning

a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, or saint

Example

Pilgrims visit the shrine to pray for good health.

巡礼者たちは健康を祈るために神殿を訪れます。

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

使用可能

Meaning

fit for use; usable; in working order

Example

The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.

その古い自転車は年齢に関係なく、まだ使用可能です。

A2 noun /ˈsoʊldʒər/

soldier

兵士

Meaning

a person who serves in an army, especially as a professional fighter

Example

The soldier marched proudly with his unit.

兵士は誇りを持って自分の部隊と共に行進した。

C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

風味のある（塩辛いまたは辛い）

Meaning

Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.

Example

The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.

そのレストランはさまざまな風味のある料理を提供しています。

C2 verb /ˈsɛreɪt/

serrate

ギザギザの縁を作る

Meaning

To make a saw-toothed edge or notched margin.

Example

The craftsman serrated the knife blade for better cutting.

職人はより良い切断のためにナイフの刃をセレイトしました。

B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

太陽光エネルギー

Meaning

Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.

Example

Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.

太陽光エネルギーは炭素排出量を削減するためには不可欠です。

C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

熱中症

Meaning

a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures

Example

The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.

その労働者は一日中外で働いた後、日射病にかかりました。

B2 adverb /ˈsɒftli/

softly

静かにまたは穏やかに

Meaning

in a gentle or quiet way.

Example

She spoke softly so as not to wake the baby.

赤ちゃんを起こさないように静かに話しました。

B2 adjective /ˈsændi/

Sandy

砂の; 砂質の

Meaning

covered with sand; containing sand; having the texture of sand

Example

The sandy beach stretched for miles along the coast.

砂浜は海岸に沿って何マイルも続いていました。

B1 adjective /səˈfɪʃənt/

Sufficient

十分な; 目的に適した; 満足な

Meaning

enough; adequate for the purpose; satisfactory

Example

We have sufficient time to complete the project.

私たちはプロジェクトを完了するための十分な時間があります。

C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

求婚者

Meaning

a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry

Example

She had many suitors vying for her attention.

彼女には彼女の注意を争う求婚者がたくさんいた。

C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

自信過剰

Meaning

To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.

Example

He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.

彼はまるでその場所のオーナーであるかのように部屋に入ってきました。

B2 verb /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/

specialize

専門的に取り組む

Meaning

to focus on a particular subject or activity and become an expert in it

Example

He decided to specialize in cardiology.

彼は心臓病学に専門的に取り組むことに決めました。

B2 verb /səbˈtrækt/

subtract

引く

Meaning

to take away a number or amount from another number or amount

Example

If you subtract 5 from 10, you get 5.

もし10から5を引いたら、5が得られます。

A2 adverb /ˈseɪf.li/

Safely

安全に

Meaning

in a safe manner; without danger or risk

Example

Drive safely on the icy road.

アイスロードで安全に運転してください。

C2 noun /ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

signification

意味

Meaning

the meaning or sense conveyed by a word, action, or symbol

Example

The signification of the gesture was misunderstood.

そのジェスチャーの意味は誤解されていました。

C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

地下

Meaning

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

Example

Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.

地下の水源は農業の維持に役立ちます。

A2 adjective /sɪksθ/

sixth

六番目

Meaning

coming after the fifth in order, position, or rank

Example

He finished the race in sixth place.

彼はレースで六番目に終わった。

B1 noun /sleɪv/

slave

奴隷

Meaning

a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to work for them

Example

The abolitionist movement fought for the rights of slaves.

廃奴隷運動は奴隷の権利のために戦いました。

C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

奴隷のような

Meaning

showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive

Example

His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.

彼の伝統への奴隷のような献身が革新を阻んだ。

C2 verb /sɛkˈstuːpəl/

sextuple

セクストゥプル

Meaning

to make or become six times as great or as many

Example

Within two quarters, the campaign sextupled their daily sign-ups.

2つの四半期で、キャンペーンは毎日のサインアップ数を6倍にしました。

C1 adjective /ˈspɑːrtn/

spartan

スパルタン

Meaning

showing simplicity and lack of luxury; austere

Example

He lived in a spartan room with just a bed and a chair.

彼はスパルタンな部屋に住んでいて、ベッドと椅子だけがありました。

B2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndənt/

superintendent

監督者

Meaning

a person who oversees, manages, or directs an organization, building, or project

Example

The superintendent visited the classrooms to check on progress.

監督者は進捗を確認するために教室を訪れました。

A2 verb /skiː/

ski

スキーをする

Meaning

to glide over snow on skis

Example

We went skiing in the Alps last winter.

私たちは昨冬アルプスでスキーをしました。

B2 noun /ˈʃɔːrt.kʌm.ɪŋ/

Shortcoming

欠点; 不足; 短所

Meaning

a fault or failure to meet a certain standard; a deficiency

Example

Despite his many talents, he has some shortcomings.

彼の多くの才能にもかかわらず、いくつかの欠点があります。

C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

型抜き

Meaning

A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.

Example

The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.

アーティストは壁に同じ星を描くために型抜きを使用しました。

B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

持続可能性

Meaning

The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.

Example

Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.

持続可能性は長期的な環境健康を保証します。

C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

姉妹関係

Meaning

The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.

Example

The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.

フェミニスト運動は女性たちの間に強い姉妹関係の感覚を生み出しました。

C1 adjective /smʌɡ/

smug

自惚れた

Meaning

having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements

Example

He wore a smug smile after winning the debate.

彼は議論に勝った後、自惚れた笑顔を見せた。

C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

魚の群れ

Meaning

a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water

Example

We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.

私たちは海岸近くで魚の群れを見ました。

B1 noun /ˈsmoʊkər/

smoker

喫煙者

Meaning

A person who smokes tobacco or other substances

Example

He is a heavy smoker and tries to quit every year.

彼は喫煙者で、毎年禁煙しようとしています。

C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

感受性

Meaning

The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.

Example

High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.

感染症に対する高い感受性は追加のケアを必要とします。

C1 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt əv ðə ˈfjuː.tʃər/

Summit of the Future

未来のサミット

Meaning

A high-level conference focused on addressing future challenges and opportunities.

Example

The Summit of the Future addressed global challenges.

未来のサミットは世界的な課題を取り上げました。

C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

頁岩

Meaning

a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers

Example

The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.

その地域は頁岩と天然ガスの埋蔵量が豊富です。

C2 noun /ˈʃæd.ək/

Shaddock

ポメロ

Meaning

a large citrus fruit similar to grapefruit; pomelo

Example

The shaddock is the largest citrus fruit in the world.

シャドックは世界で最も大きな柑橘類の果物です。

B1 noun /ˈseɪ.vɪŋz/

savings

貯金

Meaning

Money that is saved, especially in a bank or official scheme for future use.

Example

Many people invest their savings in real estate.

多くの人々は不動産に貯金を投資します。

B1 noun /ˈsʌn.laɪt/

sunlight

日光

Meaning

Direct light from the sun.

Example

Sunlight does not reach the abyssal depths of the ocean.

日光は海洋の深海には届かない。

A2 noun /spiːd/

Speed

速度; スピード

Meaning

the rate at which someone or something moves or operates

Example

The car reached a speed of 100 miles per hour.

車は時速100マイルのスピードに達した。

B2 adjective /self səˈfɪʃənt/

Self-sufficient

自給自足

Meaning

able to provide for oneself without depending on others

Example

The farm is completely self-sufficient in producing vegetables.

その農場は野菜の生産に完全に自給自足です。

C2 noun /ˈsaɪz.mə.ɡræf/

seismograph

地震計

Meaning

An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.

Example

The seismograph detected a strong tremor in the area.

地震計はその地域で強い揺れを検出しました。

C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

未婚女性

Meaning

An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry

Example

The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.

その小説には、村の子供たちの世話をしていた心優しい未婚女性が登場した。

C2 verb /ˈsæŋktɪfaɪ/

sanctify

聖別する

Meaning

to make holy or sacred; to purify

Example

The priest will sanctify the marriage ceremony.

司祭は結婚式を聖別します。

C2 adjective /ˈspaɪnəs/

spinous

棘のある

Meaning

Having spines or thorn-like projections

Example

The spinous cactus was difficult to handle without gloves.

その棘のあるサボテンは手袋なしでは取り扱いにくかった。

C2 adjective /səˈpʌlkrəl/

sepulchral

墓に関連する、陰気な

Meaning

Relating to a tomb or burial; gloomy, dismal.

Example

The abandoned house had a sepulchral silence about it.

放棄された家には墓のような静けさが漂っていた。

C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

最上級

Meaning

Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.

Example

Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.

彼女のパフォーマンスは最上級で、スタンディングオベーションを受けました。

C2 noun /ˈstrɪplɪŋ/

stripling

若者

Meaning

a young man who is not yet fully grown

Example

The stripling dreamed of becoming a brave knight.

その若者は勇敢な騎士になることを夢見ていた。

C2 noun /ˌsɪnjuˈɒsɪti/

sinuosity

曲がり具合

Meaning

The quality or state of being winding, curving, or having many turns.

Example

The sinuosity of the river made navigation challenging.

川の曲がり具合はナビゲーションを難しくした。

Meaning

To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.

Example

He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.

A2 noun /ʃeɪp/

Shape

形; 外観

Meaning

the external form or appearance of something; condition or state

Example

The artist drew a perfect circle shape on the canvas.

アーティストはキャンバスに完璧な円形の形を描きました。

A1 pronoun /ˈsʌmbədi/

somebody

誰か

Meaning

an unspecified person

Example

Somebody is knocking at the door.

誰かがドアをノックしています。

B2 adjective /səˈraʊndɪŋ/

surrounding

周囲の

Meaning

located all around a particular place or thing; nearby

Example

The surrounding hills were covered in mist.

周囲の丘は霧に包まれていました。

C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

細くて弱い

Meaning

Long, thin, and weak-looking

Example

The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.

細い木が雪の重みで曲がった。

Meaning

a strong beam of light directed onto a particular area; figuratively, public attention

Example

The singer stood proudly in the spotlight.

C1 adjective /ˈskrʌmpʃəs/

scrumptious

美味しい

Meaning

extremely tasty or delicious

Example

She baked a scrumptious chocolate cake for the party.

彼女はパーティーのために美味しいチョコレートケーキを焼きました。

C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

スレート / 予定する

Meaning

a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task

Example

The meeting is slated for next Monday.

ミーティングは次の月曜日に予定されています。

B2 verb /ˈʃɔːrtn/

shorten

短くする

Meaning

To make something shorter in length, duration, or extent

Example

She decided to shorten her speech to fit the time limit.

彼女は時間内に収めるためにスピーチを短くすることに決めた。

C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

鎮静剤

Meaning

A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.

Example

The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.

医者は患者が眠れるように鎮静剤を処方しました。

B2 noun /sɪv/

Seive

ふるい

Meaning

a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh held in a frame, used for straining solids from liquids

Example

She used a sieve to separate the flour from lumps.

彼女はふるいを使って小麦粉をダマから分けました。

A2 noun /stɔːrm/

Storm

嵐

Meaning

a violent weather condition with strong winds, rain, thunder, and lightning

Example

The storm caused power outages across the city.

嵐は市内全体で停電を引き起こしました。

C2 noun /ˈskɜː.vi/

scurvy

壊血病

Meaning

A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to weakness, gum disease, and bleeding.

Example

Sailors often suffered from scurvy during long sea voyages without fresh fruits.

水夫たちは、新鮮な果物がない長い海の航海中によく壊血病にかかっていました。

C2 verb, adjective /ˈstraɪeɪt/

striate

縞模様にする

Meaning

to mark with stripes or grooves; striped or streaked in appearance

Example

The rock surface was striated by glacial movement.

氷河の動きによって岩石の表面に縞模様ができました。

B1 noun /ˈsæl.ər.i/

Salary

給料

Meaning

a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis

Example

She receives a good salary for her work as a teacher.

彼女は教師としての仕事に対して良い給料を受け取っています。

B2 noun /ˈswiː.pər/

Sweeper

掃除人

Meaning

a person whose job is to clean floors and streets by sweeping

Example

The sweeper cleaned the school corridor every morning.

掃除人は毎朝学校の廊下を掃除しました。

C2 noun /ˈstætɪks/

statics

静力学

Meaning

The branch of mechanics dealing with bodies at rest and forces in equilibrium.

Example

She is studying statics as part of her engineering course.

彼女は工学のコースの一環として静力学を学んでいます。

B2 adjective /saʊər/

Sour

酸っぱい

Meaning

having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar; unpleasant or disagreeable

Example

The milk has gone sour and smells terrible.

牛乳は酸っぱくなり、ひどい匂いがします。

B2 noun ˌsɛlf.kənˈtrəʊl

self-control

自己制御

Meaning

The ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in order to obtain some reward, or avoid some punishment, typically in the longer term.

Example

Self-control is important for maintaining a balanced life.

自己制御はバランスの取れた生活を維持するために重要です。

B2 noun /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/

shipping

配送

Meaning

the process of transporting goods

Example

The shipping of the products was delayed due to weather conditions.

天候条件により商品の配送が遅れました。

B2 adverb /ˈsmɑːt.li/

Smartly

賢く; スタイリッシュに; 速く

Meaning

in a clever or intelligent way; neatly and stylishly; quickly

Example

He was smartly dressed for the business meeting.

彼はビジネスミーティングのためにスマートに服を着ていました。

鋸歯状の

Meaning

Having a notched or saw-toothed edge.

Example

The bread knife had a serrated blade.

パンナイフは鋸歯状の刃を持っていた。