retailer
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B2 noun /ˈriːteɪlər/

retailer

小売業者
Meaning
a person or business that sells goods to consumers rather than to other businesses
Example
The retailer offers discounts on electronic products.
小売業者は電子製品に割引を提供しています。
B2 verb /ʌnˈtaɪ/

untie

解く
Meaning
to loosen or remove a knot or binding; to release something that is tied
Example
She untied the rope to free the boat.
彼女は船を自由にするためにロープを解いた。
C1 adjective /ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkəl/

apolitical

政治的でない
Meaning
not interested in or not connected with politics
Example
She prefers to stay apolitical and focus on her work.
彼女は政治的でない態度を保ち、仕事に集中することを好みます。
C1 noun ɪnˈdaʊmənt

endowment

寄付金, 寄贈
Meaning
An income or form of property given or bequeathed to someone.
Example
The university received a large endowment for research.
大学は研究のために大きな寄付金を受け取った。
C1 noun /ˈbʊzəm/

bosom

胸
Meaning
the human chest, especially a woman’s breast; also used metaphorically to refer to closeness or intimacy
Example
She kept the secret close to her bosom.
彼女は秘密を胸にしまっておいた。
C2 verb /ˈblændɪʃ/

blandish

お世辞を言う
Meaning
to flatter or coax someone with kind words or praise in order to influence them
Example
He blandished the officials with compliments to gain their support.
彼は支持を得るために役人にお世辞を言った。
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

無視する
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
その会社は環境規制を無視したため罰金を科せられました。
B2 verb /ˈhezɪteɪt/

hesitate

ためらう
Meaning
to pause before acting; to be uncertain about what to do
Example
Don't hesitate to ask for help.
助けを求めることを躊躇しないでください。
C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

冷徹
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
家主は冷徹で、貧しい家族を助けることを拒否しました。
C1 noun /ˈtrɪkəri/

trickery

Meaning
The use of dishonest methods to deceive or cheat someone.
Example
The politician was accused of winning the election through trickery.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmeɪ/

Dismay

失望; 驚き
Meaning
concern and distress caused by something unexpected; consternation or alarm
Example
To our dismay, the concert was cancelled due to severe weather conditions.
私たちの失望の中、コンサートは悪天候のためキャンセルされました。
B2 noun /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

catholicism

カトリック教
Meaning
The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
Catholicism has a long history and rich traditions.
カトリック教には長い歴史と豊かな伝統があります。
C2 adjective /ˈsæpɪd/

sapid

美味しい
Meaning
Having a pleasant taste; flavorful.
Example
The chef prepared a sapid dish that delighted everyone at the table.
シェフはテーブルの全員を喜ばせる美味しい料理を準備しました。
C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

ユーモア
Meaning
a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture
Example
The children laughed at the clown’s antics.
子供たちはクラウンのユーモアに笑いました。
C1 adverb /ˈduːli/

Duly

適切に, 時間通りに
Meaning
in accordance with what is required or appropriate; at the proper time
Example
The documents were duly signed and submitted.
書類は適切に署名され、提出されました。
C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

香水産業
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
彼女は高級な香りを作り出すパフューマリーで働いています。
C2 verb /ˈhɑːrpɪŋ/

harping

繰り返し不満を言う
Meaning
continuously talking or complaining about something in a tiresome way
Example
She kept harping on about the mistakes I made.
彼女は私が犯した間違いについて繰り返し不満を言っていました。
B2 verb baɪnd

bind

結びつける
Meaning
To tie, fasten, or hold together securely.
Example
This force binds quarks together.
この力はクォークを結びつけます。
B2 adjective /ˈreɪsɪst/

racist

人種差別主義者
Meaning
showing or feeling discrimination or prejudice against people of other races
Example
He was accused of making racist comments.
彼は人種差別的なコメントをしたとして非難された。
C2 noun /oʊˈbeɪsəns/

obeisance

敬意
Meaning
A gesture of respect such as a bow or curtsy.
Example
They bowed in obeisance to the king.
彼らは王に対して敬意を示すためにお辞儀をした。
B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

確認
Meaning
The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Example
The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.
銀行は口座を開設する前に身分確認を求めます。
C1 adjective /ˌlaɪtˈhɑːrtɪd/

light-hearted

軽やかで無頓着な
Meaning
cheerful, carefree, and not serious
Example
She gave a light-hearted speech at the party.
彼女はパーティーで軽快なスピーチをしました。
B2 noun ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn

dedication

献身
Meaning
The quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose; devotion.
Example
His dedication laid the foundation of Indian science.
彼の献身はインディアの科学の基盤を築いた。
B2 noun /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

proceeding

手続き
Meaning
a course of action; often used for a legal process or event
Example
The court proceedings lasted for several hours.
裁判所の手続きは数時間続きました。
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

キリスト教界
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
そのニュースはキリスト教界全体に素早く広まりました。
C1 noun ˌæp.əˈreɪ.təs

apparatus

装置
Meaning
The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.
Example
The apparatus was designed to be eco-friendly.
その装置は環境に優しいように設計されました。
A1 noun /jɪə/

year

年
Meaning
a period of 365 or 366 days, divided into 12 months
Example
This year, we are planning a trip to the mountains.
今年、私たちは山への旅行を計画しています。
C1 noun ˈtɑksɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz

toxic emissions

有毒排出
Meaning
Harmful or poisonous substances released into the environment, especially the atmosphere.
Example
Toxic emissions from vehicles pollute the atmosphere.
車両の有毒排出物が大気を汚染します。
B1 noun /kənˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

confirmation

確認
Meaning
the action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed
Example
She received a confirmation email for her appointment.
彼女は彼女の予約の確認メールを受け取りました。
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

徐々に
Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
徐々に変化することはより持続可能です。
C2 noun /ˈɔːrɪndʒfɪn ˈleɪbiːoʊ/

Orangefin labeo

オレンジフィンラベオ
Meaning
a freshwater fish species native to South Asian rivers, commonly found in Bangladesh and India
Example
The orangefin labeo is an important food fish in Bangladesh.
オレンジフィンラベオはバングラデシュで重要な食用魚です。
C2 adjective /ˌrɒŋˈhɛd.ɪd/

wrongheaded

誤った考え方
Meaning
Having or showing bad judgment or stubbornly holding to wrong ideas.
Example
The policy was considered wrongheaded and harmful.
その政策は誤った考え方で有害だと見なされた。
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。
B2 noun /rek/

Wreck

破壊; 車両事故;
Meaning
the destruction or disabling of a ship or vehicle; something that has been badly damaged or destroyed
Example
The car wreck blocked the highway for hours.
自動車の事故で高速道路が数時間封鎖された。
B2 noun /ˈnuː.səns/

Nuisance

迷惑; 不便;
Meaning
a person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance
Example
The constant noise from construction is a real nuisance.
建設の絶え間ない騒音は本当の迷惑です。
C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

子鹿
Meaning
a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color
Example
The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.
母鹿は捕食者から子鹿を守ります。
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

求婚者
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
彼女には彼女の注意を争う求婚者がたくさんいた。
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæst/

recast

再キャスティング
Meaning
To present or change something in a different form or style.
Example
The director decided to recast the role with a younger actor.
監督は役を若い俳優でリキャストすることに決めました。
C1 verb /ˈmʌtər/

mutter

呟く
Meaning
to speak in a low or barely audible voice, often in dissatisfaction or irritation
Example
He muttered something under his breath as he walked away.
彼は歩きながら何かを呟いた。
B2 noun /ˈrɛfjuːdʒ/

refuge

避難所
Meaning
a place that provides shelter or protection from danger or distress
Example
The villagers took refuge in the temple during the storm.
村人たちは嵐の間、寺院に避難した。
C1 noun/verb /ˈhɛrəld/

herald

先駆者
Meaning
A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of something; to announce or signal.
Example
The blooming flowers herald the arrival of spring.
咲いた花々は春の到来を告げます。
C2 noun /ɪnˈfriːkwəns/

infrequence

稀少性
Meaning
The state of occurring rarely or at long intervals.
Example
The infrequence of their meetings made it hard to maintain close ties.
彼らの会議の稀少性は、親密な関係を維持するのを難しくしていました。
B1 noun /ˈsmoʊkər/

smoker

喫煙者
Meaning
A person who smokes tobacco or other substances
Example
He is a heavy smoker and tries to quit every year.
彼は喫煙者で、毎年禁煙しようとしています。
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

鎮痛剤
Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
彼女は頭痛を和らげるために鎮痛剤を飲みました。
C1 noun /kəˈθɑːrsɪs/

catharsis

カタルシス
Meaning
The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.
Example
Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her.
彼女の日記に書くことは、彼女にとって一種のカタルシスでした。
B1 noun /rɪˈtaɪə.mənt/

Retirement

退職
Meaning
the action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work; the period of life after leaving work
Example
He is planning his retirement after 40 years of service.
彼は40年間の勤務の後、退職を計画しています。
C2 noun /ˈprɛlət/

prelate

高位の聖職者
Meaning
A high-ranking member of the clergy, especially a bishop or abbot.
Example
The prelate delivered a sermon to the congregation.
プレラートは会衆に説教を行った。
B2 noun /dɪsˈɔːrdər/

disorder

障害
Meaning
A state of confusion or lack of order; also a medical or mental condition.
Example
The protest ended in disorder when the crowd became violent.
抗議は群衆が暴力的になったときに障害に終わった。
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊ/

jingo

戦争支持の国家主義者
Meaning
a person who strongly supports warlike or aggressive foreign policy; an extreme nationalist
Example
The leader was criticized as a reckless jingo.
その指導者は無謀なジンゴとして批判された。
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

贈賄
Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
スキャンダルは、何人かの高官の贈賄を明らかにした。
C2 noun /ˌɪn.strəˈmɛn.təl.ɪst/

instrumentalist

楽器奏者
Meaning
A person who plays a musical instrument.
Example
The instrumentalist played a beautiful solo on the violin.
楽器奏者はバイオリンで美しいソロを演奏しました。
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

専門用語
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
法律用語では、この言葉は異なる意味を持っています。
C1 noun/verb /ˈkwɒr.i/

quarry

採石場 / 獲物
Meaning
A place where stone or minerals are extracted; also means prey when hunted.
Example
The workers quarried limestone from the hill.
作業員は丘から石灰岩を採掘しました。
C2 noun /əˈmæl.ɡəm/

amalgam

混合物
Meaning
a mixture or blend of different things
Example
The new policy is an amalgam of several previous laws.
新しい政策は、いくつかの以前の法律の混合物です。
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

彫刻刀
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
大工は木を彫るために彫刻刀を使いました。
B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

リフレッシュする
Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
暑い日には冷たい飲み物が私をリフレッシュさせます。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpoʊst/

compost

堆肥
Meaning
decayed organic matter used as fertilizer
Example
The gardener added compost to enrich the soil.
庭師は土壌を豊かにするために堆肥を追加しました。
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

コラージュ
Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
彼女は古い雑誌の写真を使ってコラージュを作りました。
C2 verb /əˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

asseverate

断言する
Meaning
to affirm or declare positively and earnestly
Example
He asseverated that he had never seen the man before.
彼はその男を以前見たことがないと断言した。
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈvæljuː/

undervalue

過小評価する
Meaning
To assign too low a value or importance to something or someone.
Example
She felt that her boss consistently undervalued her contributions.
彼女は自分の上司が彼女の貢献を一貫して過小評価していると感じていた。
C1 adjective ˈek.wɪ.tə.bəl

equitable

公平な
Meaning
Fair and impartial
Example
Equitable AI ensures fairness in technology use.
公平なAIはテクノロジーの使用において公平を保証します。
A1 noun /lʌntʃ/

Lunch

ランチ
Meaning
a meal eaten in the middle of the day, typically one that is lighter or less formal than an evening meal
Example
We had lunch at a nice restaurant downtown.
私たちは市内の良いレストランでランチをしました。
B1 noun /ˈiː.tɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪts/

eating habits

食習慣
Meaning
A person's usual pattern and preferences in food consumption.
Example
Developing good eating habits leads to better health.
良い食習慣を身につけることは、健康に良い影響を与える。
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

深い考察
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
彼女は決断を下す前に深く考察していた。
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

かなりの
Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
そのプロジェクトはかなりの時間とお金を必要としました。
B1 verb /splɪt/

split

分ける
Meaning
to divide or separate into parts or groups
Example
He split the log in two with an axe.
彼は斧で丸太を二つに割った。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

不十分な
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
提供された証拠は不十分で説得力がなかった。
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

貴族階級
Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
貴族階級はしばしば政治的決定に影響を与えた。
B2 noun /ˈtraɪ.əl/

Trial

裁判; テスト
Meaning
a formal examination of evidence in a court; a test of performance or quality
Example
The murder trial lasted for three weeks in the county courthouse.
殺人裁判は郡の裁判所で3週間続いた。
B2 adjective /ˈsteɪʃəˌneri/

stationary

静止
Meaning
Not moving or not intended to be moved.
Example
The car remained stationary at the red light.
車は赤信号で静止したままでした。
B2 verb /dæʃ/

dash

Meaning
to move quickly and suddenly; to strike or break something violently
Example
She dashed across the street to catch the bus.
C2 adjective /ˈfrɛtfəl/

fretful

不安な
Meaning
Feeling or showing distress or irritation.
Example
The baby was fretful all night and could not sleep.
赤ちゃんは一晩中不安で眠れませんでした。
B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

課す
Meaning
To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.
Example
Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.
汚染は環境に有害な影響を課します。
A2 noun /ˈmeməri/

Memory

記憶
Meaning
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
Example
She has an excellent memory for faces and names.
彼女は顔や名前を覚えるのが得意です。
C2 noun /məˈlɑː.ti/

Malati

マラティ
Meaning
a fragrant climbing plant with small white flowers, commonly known as jasmine
Example
The malati vine covered the garden wall with sweet-smelling flowers.
マラティのツルが甘い香りの花で庭の壁を覆っていました。
B2 noun daɪˈlem.ə

dilemma

ジレンマ, 困難な選択
Meaning
A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives.
Example
She faced a moral dilemma at work.
彼女は職場で道徳的なジレンマに直面していた。
B2 adjective /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

favorable

好ましい
Meaning
expressing approval or support; advantageous
Example
The weather conditions were favorable for the outdoor event.
屋外イベントには好ましい天候でした。
A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

Popular

人気のある
Meaning
liked or admired by many people; well-known and widely accepted
Example
This restaurant is very popular among young people.
このレストランは若者の間でとても人気があります。
B2 verb ɪnˈhɑːnst

enhanced

強化された
Meaning
Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of something.
Example
Enhanced strategies improve outcomes.
強化された戦略は結果を改善します。
C1 adjective /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/

Mountainous

山岳地帯の
Meaning
having many mountains; characterized by mountains
Example
The mountainous region was difficult to travel through.
その山岳地帯は旅行するのが難しかった。
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

シャレード、ジェスチャーゲーム
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
その裁判は単なる政治的なシャレードに過ぎなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

固定観念的な
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
彼の固定観念的なジョークは観客を感動させられなかった。
B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

支援する
Meaning
Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.
Example
Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.
教育の取り組みを支援することは、児童労働を減らすのに役立ちます。
C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

辛味
Meaning
The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.
Example
The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.
ニンニクの辛味がキッチンに充満した。
B2 noun /ˈæplɪkənt/

applicant

応募者
Meaning
a person who applies for something, such as a job or a position
Example
The applicant was interviewed for the position.
応募者はそのポジションのために面接されました。
A2 noun, verb /bræntʃ/

branch

支店
Meaning
A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk; a division of an organization or subject.
Example
The company opened a new branch in Dhaka.
会社はダッカに新しい支店を開設しました。
C1 adjective /ræmˈbʌŋk.ʃəs/

rambunctious

騒々しい
Meaning
boisterous, energetic, and difficult to control.
Example
The rambunctious children filled the house with noise.
騒々しい子供たちが家を騒音で満たしました。
C2 verb /əkˈsiːd/

accede

同意する
Meaning
to agree to a request, proposal, or demand; to assume an office or position
Example
The government finally acceded to the demands of the protesters.
政府はついに抗議者の要求に応じた。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt/

dismount

降りる
Meaning
to get off or down from something, especially a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle
Example
The rider dismounted from the horse after a long journey.
長い旅の後、ライダーは馬から降りた。
B1 noun /ˈhɛlθˌkɛər/

healthcare

医療ケア
Meaning
the organized provision of medical care to people
Example
The country invested heavily in healthcare to improve public health.
その国は公共の健康を改善するために医療ケアに大きな投資をしました。
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪt/

ingratiate

Meaning
To gain favor or approval by deliberate effort, often in a flattering way.
Example
She tried to ingratiate herself with her boss by complimenting him often.
C2 adjective/noun /fɪˈduː.ʃi.er.i/

fiduciary

信託の
Meaning
Involving trust, especially with regard to the relationship between a trustee and a beneficiary.
Example
Banks have fiduciary duties towards their clients.
銀行は顧客に対して信託義務を負っています。
B1 noun /kənˈsʌltənt/

consultant

コンサルタント
Meaning
A professional who provides expert advice in a particular area.
Example
The company hired a consultant to improve its marketing strategy.
会社はマーケティング戦略を改善するためにコンサルタントを雇いました。
C2 adjective /ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk/

calorific

カロリーの高い
Meaning
Relating to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel.
Example
Chocolate is highly calorific, so it should be eaten in moderation.
チョコレートは非常にカロリーが高いため、適量を食べるべきです。
C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrnəl/

vernal

春の
Meaning
related to spring; fresh, youthful
Example
The garden was filled with vernal beauty after the long winter.
長い冬の後、庭は春の美しさで満たされていました。
A2 noun /ˈspiːkər/

speaker

スピーカー
Meaning
a person who speaks or talks, especially as an occupation
Example
The speaker delivered an inspiring speech at the conference.
スピーカーは会議で感動的なスピーチを行いました。
B1 noun /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/

Departure

出発
Meaning
the action of leaving, especially to start a journey; a deviation from an established course
Example
The departure of the train was delayed by thirty minutes due to technical issues.
列車の出発は技術的な問題で30分遅れました。
C1 verb /ˈdʒɒsl/

jostle

押す
Meaning
to push, elbow, or bump against someone roughly, typically in a crowd
Example
The fans jostled each other to get closer to the stage.
ファンたちはステージに近づくためにお互いに押し合っていました。
B2 noun /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

carbohydrate

炭水化物
Meaning
a nutrient that provides energy, found in foods like rice, bread, and sugar
Example
Rice and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates.
ご飯とポテトは炭水化物が豊富です。
C2 noun /dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃən/

dilapidation

荒廃
Meaning
The state of disrepair or ruin as a result of neglect.
Example
The old temple was in a state of dilapidation.
その古い寺院は廃墟の状態にありました。
B2 adverb /ˈfɜ:rmli/

Firmly

しっかりと
Meaning
in a strong, steady, and unwavering manner
Example
She firmly believed in her decision.
彼女は自分の決定に固く信じていた。
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

neo-darwinism

ネオダーウィニズム
Meaning
A modern interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution, integrating genetics and natural selection.
Example
Neo-Darwinism combines Darwin’s theory of natural selection with modern genetics.
ネオダーウィニズムはダーウィンの自然選択説と現代遺伝学を組み合わせています。
C2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl/

exhaustible

使い果たせる
Meaning
able to be used up completely; not infinite
Example
Coal and oil are exhaustible resources.
石炭と石油は使い果たせる資源です。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən/

dissertation

論文
Meaning
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, usually written for a university degree.
Example
She spent two years writing her doctoral dissertation.
彼女は博士論文を書くのに2年を費やしました。
C2 noun /haɪˈdrɒl.ɪ.sɪs/

hydrolysis

加水分解
Meaning
A chemical process that breaks down compounds by adding water, splitting complex molecules into simpler forms.
Example
Hydrolysis breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms.
加水分解は複雑な分子をより単純な形に分解します。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

dissolution

解散
Meaning
the act of formally ending or breaking apart something, such as an organization or marriage
Example
The dissolution of the company was announced yesterday.
会社の解散は昨日発表されました。
B2 noun /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

conjunction

接続詞
Meaning
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
Example
The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions.
'and' と 'but' は一般的な接続詞です。
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

毛穴 / 注意深く研究する
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
彼女は決定を下す前に何時間も書類をじっくりと読みました。
C1 noun /læns/

Lance

槍
Meaning
a long weapon with a sharp metal point, used by soldiers on horseback
Example
The knight charged forward with his lance ready.
騎士は準備が整った槍を持って前進した。
C1 verb /pləˈkeɪt/

placate

なだめる
Meaning
to make someone less angry or hostile; to calm or soothe
Example
He tried to placate the angry customer with a refund.
彼は返金で怒っている顧客をなだめようとした。
B1 adjective /ˈɛd.jʊ.keɪ.tɪd/

educated

教育を受けた
Meaning
Having received a good level of formal schooling or training; knowledgeable
Example
She is an educated woman who values lifelong learning.
彼女は教育を受けた女性で、生涯学習を重視しています。
C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

生計
Meaning
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
Example
Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.
多くの農民は自給農業に依存しています。
C1 adjective /ˈɡɪdi/

giddy

目眩, とても興奮している
Meaning
Feeling dizzy or light-headed; also overly excited and frivolous.
Example
She felt giddy after spinning around so many times.
彼女は何度も回った後、目が回った。
C2 adjective /ˈmʌɡi/

muggy

蒸し暑くて湿気のある
Meaning
uncomfortably warm and humid
Example
It was a muggy afternoon in July.
7月の午後は蒸し暑かった。
B2 verb /suː/

sue

訴える
Meaning
to bring a lawsuit against someone in a court of law
Example
She decided to sue the company for damages.
彼女は損害賠償のために会社を訴えることに決めました。
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

塗る / 中傷する
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
子供が壁にペンキを塗った。
C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

Meaning
To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.
Example
She implored him to stay with her.
A1 adjective /kloʊzd/

closed

閉じた
Meaning
not open; shut
Example
The store is closed on Fridays.
その店は金曜日に閉まっています。
A1 adverb /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

also

また
Meaning
in addition; too
Example
She sings beautifully and also plays the guitar.
彼女は美しく歌い、またギターを弾きます。
B1 noun /ˈstætʃuː/

Statue

通常、石、金属、木材で作られた三次元の芸術作品
Meaning
a three-dimensional work of art, typically made of stone, metal, or wood
Example
The statue of liberty is a famous landmark in New York.
自由の女神像はニューヨークの有名なランドマークです。
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maze

迷路
Meaning
A network of paths designed as a puzzle; a confusing situation
Example
The children got lost in the corn maze at the harvest festival.
子供たちは収穫祭のとうもろこしの迷路で迷子になった。