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C1 adjective /rɪˈkʌr.ənt/

Recurrent

再発性の
Meaning
happening repeatedly; occurring again and again; periodic;
Example
She has been suffering from recurrent headaches for months.
彼女は数ヶ月間、繰り返す頭痛に悩まされています。
B1 verb /rɪˈvaɪz/

revise

修正する
Meaning
To change, improve, or update something, especially a written work.
Example
She had to revise her essay before submission.
彼女は提出前にエッセイをリヴァイズする必要があった。
B1 noun, verb /ˈrɒkɪt/

rocket

幸せ
Meaning
a missile or vehicle propelled by a rocket engine; to increase or move very quickly
Example
The company’s profits rocketed after the new product launch.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。
B2 verb /rɪˈzɜːv/

reserve

予約する
Meaning
to keep something for future use; to book in advance
Example
I want to reserve a table for dinner.
ディナーのためにテーブルを予約したいです。
C1 noun /rɪˌmjuː.nəˈreɪ.ʃən/

Remuneration

報酬; 報奨金; 料金
Meaning
money paid for work or services; compensation or reward
Example
The job offers excellent remuneration and benefits.
その仕事は優れた報酬と福利厚生を提供します。
A1 noun /ruːm/

room

部屋
Meaning
A space within a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling
Example
She decorated her room with bright colors.
彼女は明るい色で自分の部屋を飾りました。
C2 noun /ruːd/

rood

十字架
Meaning
a crucifix, especially one positioned above the entrance to the chancel of a church
Example
The old church displayed a carved rood above the altar.
古い教会は祭壇の上に彫られた十字架を展示していました。
B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

再生, 繁殖
Meaning
The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.
Example
The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.
教科書には人間のリプロダクションの詳細な図が含まれていました。
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

岩塩
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
岩塩はテーブルソルトよりも健康的だと考えられています。
A2 verb riˈsaɪklɪŋ

recycling

リサイクリング
Meaning
The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects to prevent waste.
Example
Recycling plastic helps in reducing waste.
プラスチックのリサイクリングは、廃棄物の削減に役立ちます。
B1 noun /raɪs ˈkʊkər/

Rice cooker

電気炊飯器
Meaning
an electric appliance designed to cook rice automatically
Example
The rice cooker automatically switches off when the rice is perfectly cooked.
ライスクッカーはご飯が完璧に炊けると自動でオフになります。
C1 noun /rɪft/

rift

亀裂
Meaning
a serious break in a relationship; a split or crack
Example
A rift developed between the two friends after the argument.
議論の後、二人の友達の間に亀裂が生じた。
B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

安息地
Meaning
A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.
Example
The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.
殉教者の安息地は川の近くにあります。
C2 verb /ˈrævəl/

ravel

絡まる / 解く
Meaning
to tangle or complicate; to untangle or unravel depending on context
Example
She began to ravel the loose threads of the sweater.
彼女はセーターのゆるい糸をほどき始めました。
B2 adjective /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/

Rigid

硬直
Meaning
hard and stiff; not able to bend; strict and unwilling to change
Example
The company has a rigid dress code that all employees must follow.
会社にはすべての従業員が従う必要がある厳格なドレスコードがあります。
C1 adjective /rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ/

retiring

内向的
Meaning
Shy and reserved; avoiding social contact.
Example
She is a quiet, retiring woman who avoids attention.
彼女は静かで内向的な女性で、注目を避ける。
A1 verb /raɪd/

ride

乗る/ライディング
Meaning
to travel on or in a vehicle; to sit on and control a horse
Example
She likes to ride her bicycle to work.
彼女は自転車で仕事に行くのが好きです。
B2 noun ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn

reconstruction

再建
Meaning
The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.
Example
The reconstruction project took years.
再建プロジェクトは数年かかりました。
B2 noun /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

reinforcement

強化
Meaning
Strengthening or supporting something, especially behavior or learning.
Example
Positive reinforcement helps in learning.
積極的な強化は学習に役立ちます。
C1 verb /rɪˈzaʊnd/

resound

反響する
Meaning
To fill a place with sound; to be celebrated or talked about widely.
Example
The hall resounded with applause.
ホールは拍手で反響しました。
B2 noun, verb /rɪər/

rear

後ろ / 育てる
Meaning
the back part of something; to bring up or raise children or animals
Example
The mother cat reared her kittens in a quiet corner.
母猫は静かな隅で子猫たちを育てました。
B2 noun /rɪˈzembləns/

Resemblance

類似
Meaning
the state of being alike or similar; similarity in appearance or character
Example
There's a strong resemblance between the two sisters.
二人の姉妹の間には強い類似があります。
B2 noun /ˈraɪət/

Riot

暴動; 騒乱
Meaning
a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an uncontrolled outburst
Example
The peaceful protest turned into a riot when violence broke out.
平和的な抗議は暴力が起こったときに暴動に変わった。
B2 noun /ˌrɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

realization

実現
Meaning
the act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact
Example
Her realization of the problem helped solve the issue.
彼女の問題の認識が問題解決に役立った。
C1 adjective /rɪˈbel.jəs/

Rebellious

反抗的な; 不従順な; 権威に反発する;
Meaning
defying authority; resisting control; disobedient;
Example
The rebellious teenager refused to follow his parents' rules.
反抗的なティーンエイジャーは、両親の規則に従うことを拒否した。
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

助け, 対処
Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
学生たちは校長に訴える以外に方法がなかった。
C1 verb /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːrs/

reimburse

払い戻す
Meaning
to pay back money to someone who has spent it or lost it
Example
The company reimbursed him for travel expenses.
会社は彼に旅行費用を払い戻しました。
B1 noun /ˈrʌnər/

runner

幸せ
Meaning
a person who runs, especially in races or for exercise
Example
The runner crossed the finish line with a big smile.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。
C2 adjective /ˌrɛpərˈtɔːriəl/

repertorial

レポートに関する
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a repertoire, especially in journalism or performance contexts.
Example
The journalist's repertorial style captured every detail of the unfolding story.
そのジャーナリストのレポーティオリアルスタイルは、展開するストーリーのあらゆる詳細を捉えました。
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zər/

Razor

かみそり
Meaning
a sharp-edged instrument used for shaving hair from the skin
Example
He shaved his beard with a sharp razor.
彼は鋭いかみそりでひげを剃った。
C1 noun /rɪˈpɑːzɪtɔːri/

repository

リポジトリ
Meaning
a place where things are stored or kept for safekeeping
Example
The library serves as a repository of knowledge.
図書館は知識のリポジトリとして機能します。
B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

関係なく
Meaning
without paying attention to the current situation or condition
Example
She will go to the party regardless of the weather.
彼女は天気に関係なくパーティーに行きます。
A2 verb /riːˈsaɪ.kəl/

recycle

リサイクル
Meaning
to process used materials so they can be used again instead of being thrown away
Example
We should recycle paper and plastic to reduce waste.
私たちは廃棄物を減らすために紙とプラスチックをリサイクルするべきです。
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈtɪɡreɪt/

reintegrate

再統合する
Meaning
To bring someone or something back into a group or society after being separated.
Example
The program helps prisoners reintegrate into society.
そのプログラムは囚人が社会に再統合するのを助けます。
A2 verb /rɪˈtɜːrn/

return

帰る
Meaning
to come or go back to a place; to give back
Example
I will return home tomorrow.
私は明日家に帰ります。
C1 noun /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃən/

reparation

賠償
Meaning
the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged
Example
The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.
政府は紛争の被害者に賠償を提供しました。
C1 noun /ræmˈbuːtən/

Rambutan

ランブータン
Meaning
a tropical fruit with red spiky skin and white translucent sweet flesh similar to litchi
Example
The rambutan looks scary with its hairy skin but tastes very sweet inside.
ランブータンは毛皮のような皮で怖そうに見えますが、中はとても甘いです。
C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

波紋
Meaning
a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence
Example
The stone created ripples across the calm pond.
石が静かな池に波紋を作った。
B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvəns/

relevance

関連性
Meaning
the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate
Example
The relevance of the information was clear to everyone.
情報の関連性はすべての人に明確でした。
C2 noun /rɪˈmɒnstrəns/

remonstrance

抗議
Meaning
A forceful protest or objection.
Example
The workers’ remonstrance against unfair treatment was ignored.
労働者たちの不公平な扱いに対する抗議は無視された。
B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

快く; 簡単に; ためらわずに
Meaning
willingly; easily; without hesitation
Example
She readily agreed to help with the project.
彼女は喜んでプロジェクトを手伝うことに同意した。
B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

判決
Meaning
an official decision made by a judge or authority.
Example
The court’s ruling favored the defendant.
裁判所の判決は被告に有利でした。
B2 adjective ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv

reproductive

繁殖に関する
Meaning
Relating to the reproduction of offspring.
Example
The reproductive cycle of pests can cause rapid infestations.
害虫の生殖サイクルは迅速な感染を引き起こす可能性があります。
B2 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃənz

revolutions

革命
Meaning
Dramatic and wide-reaching changes in political, social, or economic systems, often involving the overthrow of a government or social order.
Example
Revolutions often lead to significant societal changes.
革命はしばしば社会的な変革をもたらす。
B1 verb /ˈrɛdʒɪstər/

register

登録する
Meaning
To enter or record officially on a list or in a book.
Example
You must register for the conference before the deadline.
期限前に会議に登録する必要があります。
C1 noun ˌrɛk.əˈlɛk.ʃən

Recollection

記憶
Meaning
Remembering past events or information
Example
His recollection of childhood memories was vivid.
彼の子供時代の記憶は鮮明だった。
B2 noun /ræɡ/

Rag

古い布; 掃除に使われる擦り切れた衣類
Meaning
a piece of old cloth used for cleaning; worn-out clothing
Example
She used an old rag to clean the dusty table.
彼女は古い布を使って、ほこりだらけのテーブルを掃除しました。
B2 noun /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/

Recipient

受取人
Meaning
a person who receives something
Example
She was the recipient of the prestigious award.
彼女はその名誉ある賞の受取人でした。
C2 noun /rɪˈfɛktəri/

refectory

食堂
Meaning
a dining hall, especially in a monastery, convent, or school
Example
Students had lunch in the refectory.
学生たちは食堂で昼食をとった。
C1 verb /rɪˈkɔɪl/

recoil

後退する
Meaning
To suddenly spring back in fear, horror, or from force such as a gun's kickback.
Example
She recoiled at the sight of the snake.
彼女はヘビを見て後退した。
C1 noun rɪˈfaɪnmənt

refinement

精練
Meaning
The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
Example
His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.
彼のマナーは精練されたもので、どんな群衆の中でも目立っていた。
B2 noun /rɪˈfjuː.zəl/

Refusal

拒否; 拒絶
Meaning
the act of saying no to something or not accepting something
Example
His refusal to cooperate made the project more difficult.
彼の協力拒否はプロジェクトをさらに難しくした。
C1 verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/

retaliate

報復する
Meaning
to make an attack in return for a similar attack
Example
The army retaliated after the enemy attack.
軍隊は敵の攻撃の後、報復した。
B2 noun /ˈrest.ləs.nəs/

Restlessness

不安
Meaning
the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom
Example
His restlessness during the long meeting was obvious to everyone.
長い会議中、彼の不安は全員に明らかだった。
C1 verb /rɪˈbʌt/

rebut

反論する
Meaning
to argue against or prove wrong; to refute
Example
The lawyer rebutted the false accusations with strong evidence.
弁護士は強力な証拠で虚偽の告発を反論しました。
C2 noun /ræpˈskæliən/

rapscallion

いたずら好きな人
Meaning
A mischievous or cheeky person; a rascal.
Example
The little rapscallion hid his brother’s shoes as a prank.
小さなラプスカリオンは兄の靴をいたずらで隠した。
B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

リフレッシュする
Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
暑い日には冷たい飲み物が私をリフレッシュさせます。
B1 verb /rɪˈflekt/

reflect

反映する
Meaning
to think deeply about; to mirror back light or image
Example
The mirror reflects her beautiful face.
鏡は彼女の美しい顔を反映しています。
B2 noun ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən

radiation

放射線
Meaning
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.
Example
Radiation from the sun can be harmful without protection.
太陽からの放射線は保護なしでは有害である可能性があります。
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

再生的な
Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
再生農業は土壌の健康と生物多様性を改善します。
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛptɪv/

receptive

受容的
Meaning
Willing to listen to or accept new ideas, suggestions, or experiences.
Example
She was receptive to feedback from her colleagues.
彼女は同僚からのフィードバックを受け入れる姿勢を持っていました。
B2 verb /reɪn/

reign

統治する
Meaning
to rule as a king or queen; to be dominant
Example
The queen reigned for over sixty years.
女王は60年以上統治していました。
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæl.ɪ.breɪt/

recalibrate

再調整する, 調整し直す
Meaning
To calibrate again or differently; to adjust or correct something based on new information or changed circumstances.
Example
The company had to recalibrate its strategies to adapt to the market.
会社は市場に適応するために戦略を再調整する必要があった。
B2 noun /ˈriːteɪlər/

retailer

小売業者
Meaning
a person or business that sells goods to consumers rather than to other businesses
Example
The retailer offers discounts on electronic products.
小売業者は電子製品に割引を提供しています。
B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

筏
Meaning
A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.
Example
They built a raft to cross the river.
彼らは川を渡るために筏を作った。
C2 noun /raɪm/

rime

霜
Meaning
frost formed on cold surfaces by freezing water vapor
Example
The trees were covered with a white rime after the cold night.
木々は冷たい夜の後、白い霜で覆われていました。
C1 noun /ˌriː.dɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

redistribution

再分配
Meaning
The sharing of wealth or resources more equally among society.
Example
The government introduced a redistribution policy to reduce inequality.
政府は不平等を減らすために再分配政策を導入しました。
B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

難民
Meaning
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Example
The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.
難民キャンプは、何千人もの避難した家族に一時的な避難所を提供しました。
C1 adjective /ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/

riveting

魅力的な
Meaning
extremely interesting; holding the complete attention
Example
The movie was so riveting that nobody looked away.
その映画はとても魅力的で、誰も目を離すことができませんでした。
B1 preposition /rɪˈɡɑrdɪŋ/

regarding

に関して
Meaning
concerning or relating to
Example
The decision regarding the meeting will be made tomorrow.
会議に関する決定は明日行われます。
B2 noun /ˈreɪtɪŋ/

rating

評価
Meaning
an evaluation or assessment, usually numerical
Example
The movie received a high rating from critics.
その映画は批評家から高い評価を受けました。
C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

撤回, 言明撤回
Meaning
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
Example
The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.
新聞は虚偽の報告の撤回を発表しました。
C1 verb /ˈrɛzəneɪt/

resonate

共鳴する
Meaning
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
Example
Her words resonated with the audience.
彼女の言葉は聴衆に響いた。
B1 verb rɪˈdjuːst

reduced

減らす
Meaning
Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Singapore has reduced plastic usage significantly.
シンガポールはプラスチックの使用を大幅に減らしました。
B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

抑制する
Meaning
to hold back or control; to limit or restrict
Example
Please restrain your dog.
犬を制御してください。
B1 noun /rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/

resources

資源
Meaning
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets.
Example
The region was rich in herbal resources.
その地域は薬草の資源が豊富でした。
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

反応性
Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
マネージャーは彼女の顧客からのフィードバックに対する反応性を評価しました。
C1 noun /rɪˈkluːs/

recluse

隠者
Meaning
A person who lives alone and avoids other people; someone who lives a solitary life.
Example
The old man lived as a recluse in the mountains.
その老人は山の中で隠者として暮らしていた。
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

冗長な
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
その報告書には冗長な情報が含まれていました。
C1 adjective /rɪˈpliːt/

replete

満ちた
Meaning
Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly full.
Example
The book is replete with fascinating historical details.
その本は魅力的な歴史的詳細で満ちています。
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

正義
Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
彼の人生は正義と真実に捧げられた。
B1 adjective ˈriː.dʒən.əl

regional

地域の
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a region.
Example
Regional hubs support localized industries.
地域のハブは地元産業をサポートします。
B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

小売
Meaning
the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale
Example
The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.
この会社は衣類とアクセサリーの小売を専門としています。
C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

ローズウォーター
Meaning
a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics
Example
She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.
彼女はデザートにローズウォーターを数滴加えました。
C2 adjective /ˈrɛkənˌdaɪt/ or /ˈrɛkəndaɪt/

recondite

ほとんど知られていない、または理解しにくい
Meaning
Little known or difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was full of recondite theories.
教授の講義は難解な理論で満ちていた。
A2 noun /ˈrɛkɔːd/

record

記録
Meaning
a written or spoken account of something
Example
I kept a record of all the meetings.
私はすべての会議の記録を保持していました。
C2 adjective /ˈrɪbɔːld/

ribald

下品な冗談
Meaning
Referring to sexual matters in a humorous or vulgar way.
Example
The comedian’s ribald jokes made the audience laugh uncomfortably.
コメディアンの下品な冗談は観客を不快にさせながら笑わせた。
C1 noun /rɪˈpʌlʃən/

Repulsion

反発
Meaning
a feeling of intense distaste or disgust; a force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other
Example
She felt a strong repulsion towards the idea of eating insects.
彼女は昆虫を食べるという考えに強い反発を感じた。
B2 adjective /ˈruːθ.ləs/

Ruthless

無慈悲な; 残酷な; 情け容赦ない
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel; merciless
Example
The ruthless dictator showed no mercy to his enemies.
その無慈悲な独裁者は、彼の敵に対して一切の慈悲を示さなかった。
A2 noun /ˈreɪl.weɪ/

Railway

鉄道
Meaning
a track made of steel rails along which trains run; a system of tracks with trains, stations, and other facilities
Example
The railway connects major cities across the country.
鉄道は国内の主要な都市を結んでいます。
B2 verb /rɪˈteɪn/

retain

保持する
Meaning
to keep possession of something
Example
The company decided to retain its experienced employees.
会社は経験豊富な従業員を保持することに決めました。
B2 noun /rɪˈmaɪndər/

reminder

リマインダー
Meaning
something that helps you remember a fact, event, or action that you need to do or recall
Example
He set a reminder to call his mother on her birthday.
彼は母親の誕生日に電話するためにリマインダーを設定しました。
B2 adverb /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

remarkably

驚くべき方法で
Meaning
in a way that is worthy of attention or notice; surprisingly
Example
She did remarkably well in the competition.
彼女はコンペティションで驚くべき成果を上げました。
B2 noun /rɪˈhɜːr.səl/

Rehearsal

リハーサル; 公演の練習
Meaning
a practice performance of a play, concert, or other work for later public performance
Example
The final rehearsal before opening night went perfectly.
開幕前の最後のリハーサルは完璧でした。
C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

反射的; 内省的
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
フィードバックの後、彼女は自分の行動についてもっと反省的になりました。
A1 noun, adjective, adverb /raɪt/

right

権利
Meaning
something that is morally good, fair, or just; or a legal/entitled claim
Example
Everyone has the right to free speech.
誰もが自由な言論の権利を持っています。
B2 noun /rɪˈlʌk.təns/

Reluctance

嫌悪感; ためらい
Meaning
unwillingness to do something; hesitation
Example
He showed reluctance to accept the job offer.
彼は仕事のオファーを受け入れることに嫌悪感を示した。
C1 adjective /ˈræb.ɪd/

rabid

狂信的
Meaning
Having extreme or fanatical support for something; relating to or suffering from rabies.
Example
He was a rabid fan of the football team.
彼はサッカーチームの狂信的なファンだった。
B1 verb /rɪˈlaɪ/

rely

頼る
Meaning
to depend on or trust someone or something
Example
I rely on my friends for support.
私は支援のために友達に頼ります。
C1 adjective /ræmˈbʌŋk.ʃəs/

rambunctious

騒々しい
Meaning
boisterous, energetic, and difficult to control.
Example
The rambunctious children filled the house with noise.
騒々しい子供たちが家を騒音で満たしました。
B2 noun rɪˈzɪl.i.əns

resilience

レジリエンス
Meaning
The ability to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
Example
Testing the resilience of wood is crucial.
木材のレジリエンスをテストすることは非常に重要です。
C1 noun /rɪˈmɛmbrəns/

remembrance

記憶
Meaning
the act of remembering or honoring someone or something
Example
A service was held in remembrance of the fallen soldiers.
戦死した兵士たちを記憶するための式典が行われた。
B2 noun /roʊst/

Roast

ロースト肉
Meaning
Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire
Example
The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender.
日曜日のローストは完璧に調理され、とても柔らかかった。
B2 adjective rəʊˈbʌst

robust

ロバスト
Meaning
Strong and healthy; vigorous; able to withstand or overcome adverse conditions.
Example
The robust infrastructure ensures reliable communication.
ロバストなインフラは信頼できる通信を保証します。
A2 verb /ˈriːəlaɪz/

realize

気づく
Meaning
to become aware of; to understand clearly; to achieve or make real
Example
I didn't realize how late it was until I checked the clock.
時計を見るまで、こんなに遅いとは気づかなかった。
C2 adjective /rɪˈkæl.sɪ.trənt/

recalcitrant

反抗的, 頑固な, 服従しない
Meaning
Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.
Example
The recalcitrant student refused to follow rules.
反抗的な学生は規則に従うことを拒否した。
B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

牧場
Meaning
a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised
Example
They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.
彼らはテキサスで巨大な牧場を所有しています。
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

撤退する
Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.
兵士たちは戦いに負けた後、撤退しなければならなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈræmʃækəl/

ramshackle

ぼろぼろ
Meaning
poorly built or maintained; in a state of disrepair
Example
They lived in a ramshackle old house on the edge of town.
彼らは町の端にあるぼろぼろな古い家に住んでいました。
B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

修復
Meaning
The process of returning something to its former condition.
Example
The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.
森林の修復は数十年の放置後に始まりました。
B2 verb /ˈruːɪn/

ruin

台無しにする
Meaning
to destroy or damage beyond repair; to spoil completely
Example
Heavy rain could ruin our picnic plans.
強い雨が私たちのピクニックの計画を台無しにするかもしれません。
A2 noun /reɪt/

rate

レート
Meaning
the cost or price of something, or the amount at which something happens
Example
The rate of inflation is increasing every year.
インフレ率は毎年増加しています。
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

後退的
Meaning
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
Example
The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.
その政策は人権に対する後退的な一歩と見なされた。
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

剛性
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
古いシステムの剛性は、どんな革新も妨げました。
B1 noun /rɪsk/

Risk

リスク
Meaning
a situation involving exposure to danger; the possibility of something bad happening
Example
Taking this investment carries a high risk of losing money.
この投資には高いリスクが伴い、資金を失う可能性があります。
A1 verb /riːd/

read

読む
Meaning
to look at written words and understand their meaning
Example
I read books before going to bed.
私は寝る前に本を読みます。
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɪ.prə.kəl/

Reciprocal

相互の; 互恵的な; 両者で平等に分け合う;
Meaning
given or done in return; mutual; shared equally by both parties;
Example
The two countries have a reciprocal trade agreement.
二国間には相互の貿易協定があります。
C1 noun rɪˈdʌndənsi

redundancy

冗長性、過剰
Meaning
The state of being not or no longer needed or useful; superfluousness.
Example
The redundancy in the company's workforce led to many layoffs.
会社の労働力の冗長性は多くの解雇を引き起こしました。
C1 noun /rʌsk/

Rusk

乾燥ビスケット; トーストパン
Meaning
a hard, dry biscuit or twice-baked bread; a type of crisp, sweet biscuit
Example
The baby enjoyed eating the soft rusk with milk.
赤ちゃんはミルクと一緒に柔らかいラスクを食べるのが好きでした。
C1 noun ˌriː.pɚˈkʌʃ.ənz

repercussions

影響
Meaning
The unintended consequences or effects of an action or event.
Example
The new policy had unintended repercussions on the economy.
新しい政策は経済に予期しない影響を与えました。