pummel
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C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

殴りつける
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.
Example
The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.
ボクサーは最終ラウンドで相手を激しく殴りつけた。
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪsaɪd/

patricide

父殺し
Meaning
The act of killing one's own father.
Example
The ancient myth describes a son committing patricide to take the throne.
古代の神話は、王位を取るために父殺しをした息子を描いています。
B2 adjective, noun /ˈsaɪkɪk/

psychic

Meaning
relating to the mind or supernatural powers; a person claiming to have extrasensory abilities
Example
The psychic claimed she could predict the future.
B2 noun /ˈpɪs.təl/

Pistol

ピストル
Meaning
a small gun that can be held and fired with one hand
Example
The officer drew his pistol from the holster.
警官はホルスターからピストルを抜きました。
B2 noun /ˈprɒvɪns/

province

省
Meaning
a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
Example
The province is known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes.
その省は豊かな文化遺産と素晴らしい自然景観で知られています。
A2 adjective /ˈpriː.vi.əs/

Previous

前の
Meaning
occurring before in time or order; earlier; former
Example
I reviewed the previous chapter before starting the new one.
私は新しい章を始める前に前の章を復習しました。
B1 noun /ˈpɒlɪtɪks/

politics

政治
Meaning
activities related to the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power
Example
Politics often involves making difficult decisions.
政治はしばしば難しい決定を下すことを伴います。
B2 verb, noun, adjective /prɑːmpt/

prompt

促す / 迅速
Meaning
To cause someone to take action; done without delay.
Example
His speech prompted the audience to ask questions.
彼のスピーチは聴衆に質問を促しました。
B1 verb /pərˈsweɪd/

persuade

幸せ
Meaning
to convince someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument
Example
He persuaded his friend to join the club.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。
C2 noun /pɪks/

pyx

聖体を入れるための小さな容器
Meaning
a small container, often used in Christian liturgy to carry the consecrated host
Example
The priest placed the consecrated host into the pyx before visiting the sick.
司祭は病人を訪れる前に聖体をピクスに入れました。
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突然の鋭い痛みまたは感情的苦痛
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
議論後、彼女は罪悪感のパンを感じた。
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

予感
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
彼は計画が失敗するという強い予感を持っていた。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

偽証
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
彼女は偽証罪で有罪判決を受けた。
B2 noun pəˈspek.tɪvz

perspectives

視点
Meaning
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Example
New perspectives enhance understanding.
新しい視点が理解を深めます。
B2 noun /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

probation

試用期間
Meaning
a period of testing or supervision, especially for offenders or new employees
Example
He was placed on probation for six months.
彼は6か月の試用期間を与えられました。
A2 noun /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/

parking

駐車場
Meaning
the action or practice of leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time
Example
There was no available parking near the restaurant.
レストランの近くには駐車場がありませんでした。
B2 adjective /proʊn/

Prone

傾向がある
Meaning
having a tendency to; inclined; lying face down
Example
He is prone to making mistakes when he's tired.
彼は疲れているときにミスをする傾向があります。
C2 noun /ˌpraɪmoʊˈdʒɛnɪtʃər/

primogeniture

長子継承権
Meaning
The right of the firstborn child to inherit the family estate or title.
Example
Under primogeniture, the eldest son inherited the entire estate.
長子継承権の下、長男は家族全体の財産を相続しました。
B2 adjective /ˈpɛti/

petty

些細な
Meaning
Of little importance or trivial; also describes a person overly concerned with small or unimportant matters.
Example
She often gets upset over the most petty things.
彼女はしばしば些細なことに腹を立てる。
B2 verb /piːp/

peep

覗く
Meaning
to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound
Example
The child tried to peep through the keyhole.
子供は鍵穴から覗こうとした。
C2 noun /ˌprɒdɪˈɡæləti/

prodigality

浪費
Meaning
the quality of being wastefully extravagant
Example
His prodigality with money left him bankrupt.
彼の浪費癖が彼を破産させた。
C1 verb /ˈprɒfəsaɪ/

prophesy

予言する
Meaning
to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired
Example
The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land.
その僧侶は平和がこの地に戻ると予言した。
B1 noun /freɪz/

phrase

フレーズ
Meaning
a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit
Example
He gave a memorable phrase at the conference.
彼は会議で記憶に残るフレーズを言った。
C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

プラセボ
Meaning
a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs
Example
The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.
患者は実際の薬の効果と比較するためにプラセボを与えられました。
A2 adjective /ˈpraɪ.mɛr.i/

primary

主要な, 初歩的な
Meaning
Most important; main; happening first.
Example
Education is a primary factor in economic growth.
教育は経済成長の主要な要素です。
C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

確率に基づく
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
モデルは予測のために確率的アプローチを採用しています。
A2 verb /pɪk/

pick

選ぶ
Meaning
to choose; to take or select from a group; to pluck or gather
Example
Please pick your favorite color from the palette.
パレットからお好みの色を選んでください。
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

優先
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
この工場では、安全が速度より優先されます。
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

放蕩
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
その小説は、放蕩的なライフスタイルを持つキャラクターを描いています。
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

予防する
Meaning
To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.
Example
The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.
政府は迅速に行動し、金融危機を防ぎました。
B2 noun, verb /ˈpɛdəl/

pedal

足で操作するレバー
Meaning
A foot-operated lever for powering or controlling a mechanism, especially on a bicycle.
Example
He pressed down hard on the bicycle pedal.
彼は自転車のペダルを力いっぱい踏んだ。
C2 adjective /njuːˈmætɪk/

pneumatic

空気圧の
Meaning
operated by air or gas under pressure
Example
The factory uses pneumatic tools for assembly.
工場は組み立てのために空気圧工具を使用しています。
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

身だしなみを整える
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
彼女はパーティーに出かける前に鏡の前で身だしなみを整えていた。
B2 verb /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/

persevere

忍耐する
Meaning
to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay
Example
He persevered through many failures before succeeding.
彼は多くの失敗を乗り越えて成功しました。
C2 adjective /ˈpæsɪbəl/

passible

感じることができる; 苦しみに対して敏感
Meaning
capable of feeling or suffering; susceptible to sensation or emotion (often theological)
Example
In some traditions, deities are described as passible, sharing human emotions.
いくつかの伝統では、神々は感じることができるとされ、人間の感情を共有している。
B2 noun prəʊb

probe

探査機
Meaning
An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.
Example
The probe collected data from the planet's surface.
そのプローブは惑星の表面からデータを収集しました。
B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

青白い; 淡い; 弱い
Meaning
having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint
Example
She looked pale after being sick for a week.
彼女は1週間病気で、青白く見えた。
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

強力な
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
その王は強力な支配者で、その言葉は法律だった。
B1 noun /ˈfɑːrməsi/

pharmacy

薬局
Meaning
A place where medicinal drugs are prepared and sold.
Example
I went to the pharmacy to buy antibiotics.
私は抗生物質を買うために薬局に行きました。
C2 noun /ˈpɛntæd/

pentad

五つ組
Meaning
A group or set of five things.
Example
The committee was divided into a pentad of working groups.
委員会は五つの作業グループに分けられました。
B2 adverb /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl.i/

Punctually

時間通り
Meaning
at the exact time arranged; on time; not late
Example
She always arrives punctually for meetings.
彼女は会議にいつも時間通りに到着します。
C2 noun /priːˈɛmɪnəns/

preeminence

卓越
Meaning
The fact of surpassing all others; superiority.
Example
The university has gained preeminence in medical research.
その大学は医学研究において卓越性を獲得しました。
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

ペンネームの使用
Meaning
the practice or state of using a pseudonym
Example
The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.
その作家はキャリア全体を通してペンネームを使用していました。
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːrviəs/

pervious

透水性の
Meaning
Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.
Example
The soil here is pervious to rainwater.
ここでは土壌が雨水を通すことができます。
C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

優遇
Meaning
showing or giving advantage to one over others
Example
Members receive preferential treatment at the club.
メンバーはクラブで優遇されます。
B1 verb /prəˈsiːd/

proceed

進む
Meaning
to continue with a course of action; to move forward
Example
Let's proceed with the meeting as planned.
計画通りに会議を進めましょう。
B2 noun /fəˈnɒmɪnən/

phenomenon

現象
Meaning
an observable event, fact, or occurrence, often unusual or remarkable
Example
The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon.
オーロラは自然現象です。
B2 noun /ˈpɔːrɪdʒ/

porridge

Meaning
A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.
Example
She had a bowl of porridge for breakfast.
C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突然の爆発的な感情
Meaning
A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.
Example
She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.
彼女は突然の笑いの爆発に襲われた。
B1 noun prɪˈven.ʃən

prevention

予防
Meaning
The action of stopping something from happening or arising.
Example
Prevention of fascism ensures democracy.
ファシズムの予防は民主主義を保証する。
B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

精神科医
Meaning
a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
Example
The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.
精神科医は患者の不安に対して薬を処方しました。
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平等
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
キャンペーンは男性と女性の間で給与の平等を達成することを目指しています。
B2 noun /prɪˈtens/

Pretence

偽り
Meaning
an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true
Example
He made no pretence of being interested in the conversation.
彼は会話に興味があるふりをしなかった。
C2 verb /pɑːrtʃ/

parch

乾かす
Meaning
to make something extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat
Example
The scorching sun began to parch the fields.
焼けつくような太陽が畑を乾かし始めました。
B1 noun /ˈprəʊsesɪŋ/

processing

処理
Meaning
the series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end, especially in data or food handling
Example
Data processing takes place in the server.
データ処理はサーバーで行われます。
A2 noun, verb, adjective /ˈprɛzənt/

present

プレゼント
Meaning
existing or happening now; to give something to someone in a formal way
Example
She presented her report to the team yesterday.
彼女は昨日チームに報告書を提出しました。
B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

豊富な; 大量の
Meaning
abundant; existing in large quantity
Example
The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.
今年は良い天気のおかげで収穫が豊富でした。
A2 adjective /pəˈlaɪt/

Polite

礼儀正しい; 尊敬すべき; 丁寧
Meaning
having good manners; respectful; courteous
Example
He was very polite and respectful to everyone.
彼は誰に対しても非常に礼儀正しく、尊敬していました。
A2 noun /pɛt/

pet

ペット
Meaning
a domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure
Example
My dog is my favorite pet.
私の犬は私のお気に入りのペットです。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

幸福
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せなかった。
C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

こっそり歩く（狩りや探索のため）
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
猫は夜、庭の周りを静かに歩いていた。
A1 adjective /ˈprɪti/

Pretty

可愛い; 美しい; 魅力的
Meaning
attractive in a delicate way; fairly or moderately
Example
She wore a pretty dress to the party.
彼女はパーティーにかわいいドレスを着て行きました。
C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

膨らみ
Meaning
A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.
Example
The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.
医師は彼の腕の小さな膨らみを調べました。
C2 noun /pɜːrtʃt raɪs/

Perched rice

膨らんだご飯
Meaning
puffed rice; rice that has been heated and puffed into light, crispy grains
Example
I enjoy eating puffed rice as a healthy snack.
私は健康的なおやつとして膨らんだご飯を食べるのが好きです。
C1 noun /ˌprɒk.ləˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Proclamation

布告
Meaning
an official public announcement, especially one made by someone in authority
Example
The king issued a proclamation declaring peace.
王は平和を宣言する布告を出した。
C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

平行主義
Meaning
The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.
Example
The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.
作家は自分の文章にリズムを与えるために平行主義を使用しました。
B1 noun /plʌm/

Plum

プラム
Meaning
a small round fruit with smooth red or purple skin, sweet flesh, and a single large seed
Example
The purple plum was juicy and delicious.
その紫色のプラムはジューシーで美味しかった。
A2 verb /prɪˈtɛnd/

pretend

ふりをする
Meaning
To act as if something is true when it is not.
Example
The children pretended to be superheroes.
子供たちはスーパーヒーローになるふりをした。
A2 verb /pɒp/

pop

弾ける
Meaning
to make a short, sharp sound, or to burst or break with such a sound
Example
The balloon popped when I accidentally pricked it with a pin.
風船は、私が間違ってピンで刺したときに破裂しました。
C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

哲学する
Meaning
to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.
彼は人生とその意味について哲学するのが好きです。
B2 noun /ˈpɔːt.fəʊ.li.əʊ/

portfolio

作業のコレクション、サンプル、または作業リスト
Meaning
A collection of work or samples demonstrating skills and expertise.
Example
His portfolio showcased his diverse range of skills.
彼のポートフォリオは彼の多様なスキルの範囲を示していました。
B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

所有権; 財産; 支配
Meaning
something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something
Example
The house has been in their family's possession for generations.
その家は何世代にもわたって彼らの家族の所有物です。
B2 noun /pəˈtɪʃən/

petition

請願書
Meaning
a formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority about a cause
Example
They signed a petition to improve road safety in the area.
彼らはその地域の道路安全を改善するために請願書に署名しました。
C2 noun /pɜːr bɔɪld raɪs/

Per boiled rice

パーボイルドライス
Meaning
Rice that has been partially boiled in the husk before milling; parboiled rice
Example
Per boiled rice retains more nutrients than regular white rice.
パーボイルドライスは通常の白い米よりも多くの栄養素を保持します。
A2 adjective /ˈpʌblɪk/

public

公共の
Meaning
relating to or affecting the people as a whole
Example
The public demanded action on the issue.
公共はこの問題に対する行動を要求しました。
B2 adjective /ˌpɑːrləˈmɛntri/

parliamentary

議会の
Meaning
relating to a parliament or its members; relating to a system of government with parliamentary authority
Example
The country follows a parliamentary form of government.
その国は議会制の政府を採用している。
C2 adjective /ˌpluːˈpɜːrfɪkt/

pluperfect

過去完了形
Meaning
a verb tense expressing an action completed before another past action
Example
By the time she arrived, he had finished his homework, showing the pluperfect tense.
彼女が到着したとき、彼はすでに宿題を終わらせており、過去完了形を示しています。
B2 noun /piːk/

Peak

頂上
Meaning
the highest point of a mountain or hill; the maximum level or intensity
Example
The climbers reached the peak of Mount Everest.
登山者たちはエベレスト山の頂上に到達した。
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

発射体
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
兵士は飛んでくる発射体を避けました。
B1 noun prəˈpoʊzəl

proposal

提案
Meaning
A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.
Example
The proposal was not sustained.
その提案は受け入れられませんでした。
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

段階的廃止
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
化石燃料の段階的廃止が合意されました。
C1 verb /piːk/

pique

引き起こす
Meaning
to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger
Example
Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.
彼女のコメントは秘密のプロジェクトに対する彼の好奇心を引き起こしました。
C2 noun /ˈpɒsi/

posse

ギャング / 友達グループ
Meaning
A group of people, often friends or a group organized to support or enforce the law.
Example
He arrived at the party with his posse of friends.
彼は友達グループと一緒にパーティーに到着しました。
B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

注ぐ
Meaning
to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily
Example
Please pour the water into the glass carefully.
水をグラスに慎重に注いでください。
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

パンチ・フォロン
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
彼女がオイルでパンチ・フォロンを加熱したとき、香りがキッチンを満たしました。
C2 adjective /ˌpriːpəˈzɛsɪŋ/

prepossessing

魅力的
Meaning
Attractive or appealing in appearance or manner.
Example
She had a prepossessing smile that charmed everyone.
彼女は魅力的な笑顔を持っていて、みんなを魅了した。
C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/

preside

主宰する
Meaning
to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization
Example
She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.
彼女は明日会議を主宰します。
C2 adjective /ˈplændʒənt/

plangent

哀愁を帯びた、または響く音
Meaning
having a loud, mournful sound; resonant
Example
The plangent toll of the church bell echoed through the village.
教会の鐘の哀愁を帯びた音が村中に響いた。
B1 noun /per/

Pear

梨
Meaning
a sweet juicy fruit with a rounded shape that is wider at the bottom than the top
Example
She enjoyed a fresh pear from the orchard.
彼女は果樹園から新鮮な梨を楽しみました。
B2 verb /pɪəs/

pierce

貫通する
Meaning
to make a hole through something; to penetrate with a sharp object
Example
The arrow will pierce through the target.
矢はターゲットを貫通します。
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

ツルハシ
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
鉱夫は岩の表面を壊すためにツルハシを使用しました。
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

無一文; 極貧; 完全に金がない
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
仕事を失った後、彼は無一文になった。
B1 noun /ˈprɛər/

prayer

祈り
Meaning
a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity
Example
She recited a prayer before the meal.
彼女は食事の前に祈りを捧げました。
C2 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɪɡmətɪk/

paradigmatic

典型的な
Meaning
Serving as a typical example or model of something.
Example
Her success story is paradigmatic of the opportunities education can provide.
彼女の成功物語は、教育が提供できる機会の典型的な例です。
B1 noun /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/

programming

プログラミング
Meaning
the process of designing and writing computer programs
Example
He has been learning programming for several months now.
彼は数ヶ月間プログラミングを学んでいます。
C1 adjective /ˈprevələnt/

Prevalent

蔓延している
Meaning
widespread; existing very commonly; generally occurring
Example
Smoking is still prevalent among teenagers despite health warnings.
健康警告にもかかわらず、喫煙は若者の間で依然として蔓延している。
C2 verb /ˈpælieɪt/

palliate

和らげる
Meaning
to make a disease, symptoms, or problem less severe without removing the cause
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine to palliate the patient's pain.
医者は患者の痛みを和らげるために薬を処方しました。
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

戦略的変更、軸、プロセスの変更
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
会社はビジネス戦略を変更する決定をしました。
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

壮大, 豪華
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
卒業式は壮大で豪華でした。
A2 verb /pʊʃ/

push

押す
Meaning
to exert force to move something away from oneself; to press against
Example
Push the button to ring the bell.
ボタンを押してベルを鳴らします。
C2 noun, verb /ˌpæm.fləˈtɪər/

pamphleteer

パンフレットの著者
Meaning
a person who writes or distributes pamphlets, often to promote a political or social cause
Example
In the 18th century, many pamphleteers influenced public opinion.
18世紀には、多くのパンフレットの著者が公衆の意見に影響を与えました。
B2 adverb /ˈpʌb.lɪk.li/

Publicly

公然と; 公開で;
Meaning
in a public manner; openly; for everyone to see or know
Example
The company publicly announced their new policy.
その会社は新しい方針を公開で発表しました。
C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

過度に楽観的
Meaning
overly or blindly optimistic
Example
Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.
彼女の過度に楽観的な態度は明らかな問題を無視していた。
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

パピルス
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
古代の巻物はパピルスに書かれていました。
B1 noun /prəˈfeʃ.ən/

Profession

職業
Meaning
a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill
Example
Teaching is a noble profession that shapes future generations.
教育は未来の世代を形作る高貴な職業です。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

倒れる
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
長い戦いの後、彼は地面に倒れて横たわった。
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

予め決定する
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
試合の結果は予め決められていたようだった。
C2 verb /pərˈveɪ/

purvey

供給する
Meaning
to supply or provide goods, services, or information, often as a business
Example
The company purveys organic food to health-conscious customers.
その会社は健康意識の高い顧客にオーガニック食品を供給しています。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

前もって存在する
Meaning
to exist beforehand or before something else
Example
These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.
これらの習慣は、現代技術の到来前に存在していました。
C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

慎重な読書
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
契約書は弁護士に慎重な読書のために渡されました。
B1 noun /ˈproʊtiːn/

protein

Meaning
a molecule composed of amino acids essential for bodily functions
Example
Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.
B2 verb /poʊz/

pose

幸せ
Meaning
To assume a particular position, especially for a photograph or display; to present a problem or question.
Example
She posed for a picture in front of the monument.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
B1 noun /paɪp/

pipe

パイプ
Meaning
a tube used for conveying liquids or gases
Example
The plumber fixed the broken pipe.
配管工は壊れたパイプを修理しました。
C2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃənɪst/

prohibitionist

禁酒主義者
Meaning
A person who supports or advocates prohibition, especially of alcohol.
Example
The prohibitionist campaigned against the sale of liquor in the town.
禁酒主義者は町での酒の販売に反対するキャンペーンを行った。
C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

父系姓
Meaning
a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor
Example
In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.
多くの文化では、姓は父系姓に由来します。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːrsəlɪn/

porcelain

磁器
Meaning
A white, hard ceramic material often used for dishes and ornaments.
Example
The museum displayed ancient porcelain vases from China.
博物館は中国の古代のポーセリンの花瓶を展示しました。
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrtnəs/

pertness

生意気
Meaning
boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness
Example
Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.
会議中の彼女の生意気さは、みんなを驚かせた。
C2 noun /pɪθ/

pith

本質、要点
Meaning
the essential or central part of something
Example
The pith of his argument was that honesty matters most.
彼の議論の本質は、誠実さが最も重要だということでした。
C2 noun /ˈpɛrɪstaɪl/

peristyle

柱で囲まれた回廊
Meaning
A continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or courtyard.
Example
The Roman villa featured a beautiful peristyle garden.
ローマの別荘には美しいペリスタイル庭園がありました。
C2 noun /prɪˈpɒndərəns/

preponderance

優位性
Meaning
The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.
Example
There was a preponderance of evidence against the defendant.
被告に対する証拠の優位性があった。
B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/

proclaim

宣言する
Meaning
to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important
Example
The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.
大統領は国民の日を宣言した。