C2 adjective /pəˈlɛmɪkəl/

polemical

論争的

Meaning

relating to or involving strongly critical or controversial writing or speech

Example

She wrote a polemical article challenging traditional beliefs.

彼女は伝統的な信念に挑戦する論争的な記事を書いた。

C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

理想主義的

Meaning

pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic

Example

She has an idealistic view of changing the world.

彼女は世界を変えるという理想主義的な見方を持っています。

B2 adjective /steɪl/

Stale

古くなった; しけた; 新鮮でない

Meaning

no longer fresh; lacking originality or novelty

Example

The bread became stale after sitting out for three days.

パンは三日後に古くなった。

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

汚染する

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

工場は有害な化学物質で環境を汚染します。

B1 adjective /ˈdefɪnət/

Definite

明確な; はっきりした; 特定の

Meaning

clearly stated or decided; not vague or uncertain; specific

Example

We need a definite answer by tomorrow.

私たちは明日までに明確な答えが必要です。

C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

継続的な; 絶え間ない

Meaning

happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted

Example

The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.

建設現場からの継続的な音は非常に迷惑でした。

B2 verb /ˈdɛdɪkeɪt/

dedicate

捧げる

Meaning

to devote time, effort, or oneself to a particular purpose or person

Example

She dedicated her life to helping the poor.

彼女は貧しい人々を助けるために自分の人生を捧げました。

C1 noun ɪˌməʊ.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.ti

emotionality

感情性

Meaning

The quality of being driven by emotions rather than reason; emotional responsiveness.

Example

His emotionality often influenced his decisions.

彼の感情性はしばしば彼の決定に影響を与えた。

A2 noun /ˈmoʊtər/

motor

モーター

Meaning

a machine that produces motion or power to make something work

Example

The car’s motor stopped suddenly.

車のモーターは突然止まりました。

A2 noun ɪˈvɛnts

events

イベント

Meaning

A thing that happens, especially one of importance.

Example

Several events were held across the country.

国内でいくつかのイベントが開催されました。

C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

チャンピオン / 勝者

Meaning

an informal word for champion or winner.

Example

He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.

彼はボクシングトーナメントの新しいチャンピオンです。

C1 adjective /ˈmæn.li/

Manly

男らしい; 勇敢な; 大胆な

Meaning

having qualities traditionally associated with men; brave; courageous

Example

He showed manly courage during the crisis.

危機の中で、彼は男らしい勇気を示しました。

A1 modal verb /kʊd/

could

できた

Meaning

Used to indicate possibility, ability, or permission in the past or as a polite suggestion.

Example

He could swim when he was a child.

彼は子供の頃泳げた。

B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

象徴的な

Meaning

Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.

Example

The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.

"それは最良の時代だった…"というセリフは象徴的です。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

克服できない

Meaning

Impossible to overcome or surpass.

Example

The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.

チームは遠征中に克服できない課題に直面しました。

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.səl/

Parcel

小包; 土地の一区画

Meaning

an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper for carrying or sending by mail; a piece of land

Example

The postman delivered a parcel to our door.

郵便配達員が私たちのドアに小包を届けました。

B1 adjective /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/

straightforward

簡単

Meaning

easy to understand or do; simple

Example

Her explanation was straightforward and clear.

彼女の説明は簡単で明確でした。

C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

カメオ

Meaning

a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person

Example

The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.

その俳優は映画でサプライズのカメオを果たした。

C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

ペナント旗

Meaning

A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.

Example

The team raised the championship pennant proudly.

チームは誇らしげにチャンピオンシップペナント旗を掲げました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

不正者

Meaning

a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage

Example

He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.

彼は試験で不正者と呼ばれた。

C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

絶望的な

Meaning

feeling hopeless; in despair

Example

She felt despairing after losing her job.

彼女は仕事を失った後、絶望的な気持ちだった。

C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

予め決定する

Meaning

to establish or decide something in advance

Example

The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.

試合の結果は予め決められていたようだった。

A1 noun /her/

Hair

髪

Meaning

any of the fine thread-like strands growing from the skin of humans and animals

Example

She decided to cut her long hair short for a fresh new look this summer.

彼女はこの夏、さっぱりとした新しい外見のために長い髪を短くすることに決めました。

B2 noun /ˈsnoʊ.fɔːl/

Snowfall

雪降り

Meaning

the process of snow falling from the sky; the amount of snow that falls

Example

The heavy snowfall blocked all the roads yesterday.

昨日の大雪で全ての道路が閉鎖されました。

C2 adjective /hɜːrˈbeɪʃəs/

herbaceous

草本

Meaning

Relating to or resembling herbs; plants with soft, non-woody stems.

Example

The garden was filled with herbaceous plants that thrived in the summer.

庭園には夏に繁茂する草本植物で満たされていた。

C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

言葉の暗示的または示唆された意味

Meaning

The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition

Example

The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.

'家'という言葉には、快適さと家族を象徴する温かい暗示がある

C1 noun /məˈrɑːl/

Morale

士気; 精神

Meaning

the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group

Example

The team's morale improved after the victory.

チームの士気は勝利後に改善された。

B2 adjective /ˈwɜːldli/

worldly

世俗的

Meaning

Concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than spiritual matters.

Example

He was more interested in worldly success than in spiritual growth.

彼は精神的な成長よりも世俗的な成功に興味がありました。

C1 adjective /bɪˈriːvd/

Bereaved

悲嘆に暮れる

Meaning

having lost a loved one through death

Example

The bereaved family received many condolences.

悲嘆に暮れる家族は多くの弔辞を受け取った。

C2 noun /ˈhʌk.stər/

huckster

露天商人

Meaning

A person who sells small items aggressively, often in a showy or dishonest way.

Example

The huckster loudly promoted his goods in the busy marketplace.

その露天商人は賑やかな市場で自分の商品を大声で宣伝していました。

C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs

surreptitious

秘密の

Meaning

Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.

Example

She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.

彼女は彼のノートをひそかに覗き見た。

C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

暗号的, 謎めいた, 不明確な

Meaning

Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.

Example

The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.

そのメッセージは暗号的で解読が難しかった。

B2 noun /ˈɔːltər/

Altar

祭壇

Meaning

a raised structure on which offerings or sacrifices are made to a deity

Example

The bride and groom stood before the altar during the ceremony.

新郎新婦は式の最中に祭壇の前に立っていました。

C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

回勅

Meaning

a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues

Example

The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.

教皇は気候変動と道徳的責任についての回勅を発表しました。

C1 verb /rɪˈbʌf/

rebuff

拒絶する

Meaning

to reject or refuse in a sharp or abrupt way

Example

She rebuffed his invitation to dinner.

彼女はディナーの招待を断った。

B1 noun /ˈkwɔː.tər/

Quarter

四分の一

Meaning

one of four equal parts of something; a period of three months

Example

The company reported strong profits in the first quarter of the year.

その会社は今年の最初の四半期に強い利益を報告しました。

B1 noun /əˈsɪstəns/

Assistance

援助; 支援

Meaning

the action of helping someone with a job or task; support

Example

She offered her assistance with the project.

彼女はプロジェクトで援助を提供しました。

B1 adjective kənˈsɪs.tənt

consistent

一貫した

Meaning

Acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.

Example

Consistent performance leads to success.

一貫したパフォーマンスは成功へと導きます。

C1 noun /rɪˈflɛktər/

reflector

反射器

Meaning

A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.

Example

The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.

自転車のライダーは安全のために自分の自転車の後ろに赤い反射器を取り付けました。

C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

サーカディアンリズム

Meaning

The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours

Example

Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.

自然光への暴露はサーカディアンリズムを調整します。

C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

起源, 創世

Meaning

The origin or mode of formation of something.

Example

The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.

インターネットの起源は世界を永遠に変えました。

C2 noun /lɒx/ or /lɒk/

lough

湖

Meaning

An Irish or Scottish word for a lake or sea inlet.

Example

The fishermen lived by the lough for generations.

漁師たちは世代を超えて湖の近くに住んでいました。

B2 verb /ˈtʃɛrɪʃ/

cherish

大切にする

Meaning

To hold something dear, to love and protect, or to keep a hope or memory alive.

Example

She cherishes the memories of her childhood home.

彼女は子供の頃の家の思い出を大切にしています。

B2 adjective /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

Destructive

破壊的な

Meaning

causing damage; harmful

Example

The hurricane was highly destructive to coastal areas.

ハリケーンは沿岸地域に非常に破壊的でした。

C1 noun ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ

restructuring

再構築

Meaning

The action of organizing something differently.

Example

The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency.

会社は効率を高めるために再構築を行った。

C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

アッベッサ (修道院の女性院長)

Meaning

the woman in charge of a convent of nuns

Example

The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.

アッベッサは修道院に訪問者を迎えました。

B1 adverb /praɪˈmɛrɪli/

primarily

主に

Meaning

for the most part; mainly

Example

She is primarily responsible for managing the finances.

彼女は主に財務の管理を担当しています。

B1 noun /stiːl/

steel

スチール

Meaning

a strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon

Example

The building was made from steel to ensure its durability.

その建物は耐久性を確保するためにスチールで作られました。

B2 adjective /ˈrʌs.ti/

Rusty

錆びた; 練習不足; 最近の練習不足による障害

Meaning

affected by rust; out of practice; impaired by lack of recent practice

Example

My piano skills are rusty after not playing for years.

何年もピアノを弾いていなかったので、私のピアノのスキルは錆びついています。

C2 verb /ˈskærɪfaɪ/

scarify

土を耕す

Meaning

to make shallow cuts or scratches; to loosen the surface of soil

Example

The farmer scarified the soil before planting seeds.

農家は種を植える前に土をスカリファイしました。

B2 noun /mɒsk/

mosque

モスク

Meaning

A Muslim place of worship.

Example

They gathered at the mosque for the Friday prayer.

彼らは金曜日の祈りのためにモスクに集まりました。

B2 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/

irritated

いらいらした

Meaning

feeling annoyed or impatient; having inflamed or sore physical condition

Example

She felt irritated by the constant noise outside her window.

窓の外の絶え間ない騒音に彼女はいらいらした。

B2 verb /roʊm/

roam

歩き回る

Meaning

to walk or travel without a specific destination; to wander

Example

Wild animals roam freely in the forest.

野生動物は森の中を自由に歩き回っています。

C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

外部性

Meaning

A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.

Example

Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.

汚染は産業化の負の外部性です。

B1 noun /wɜːrm/

Worm

ミミズ

Meaning

a long, soft-bodied invertebrate animal that lives in soil

Example

The bird caught a worm from the garden soil.

鳥は庭の土からワームをつかまえました。

A2 adjective /ɪˈlɛktrɪk/

electric

電気的

Meaning

Relating to or operated by electricity.

Example

The room was lit by an electric lamp.

部屋は電気ランプで照らされていました。

A2 noun /ˈwɔː.tər.mel.ən/

Watermelon

スイカ

Meaning

a large round fruit with a hard green skin and sweet red flesh with black seeds

Example

I bought a fresh watermelon from the market for the summer picnic.

私は夏のピクニックのために市場で新鮮なスイカを買いました。

C1 adjective ˈfæʃ.ɪst

fascist

ファシスト

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of fascism; extremely authoritarian.

Example

Fascist governance undermines freedom.

ファシスト政権は自由を脅かす。

B2 noun ˈbɛntʃˌmɑːr.kɪŋ

benchmarking

基準設定と比較分析

Meaning

Comparing with a specific industry or competitor to set the best standards.

Example

Companies use benchmarking to assess their performance.

企業は自社のパフォーマンスを評価するためにベンチマーキングを利用しています。

A2 adjective /ˈsep.ər.ət/

Separate

別々; 異なる; 個別; 分離

Meaning

distinct; not connected; individual; apart

Example

Please keep your personal and professional lives separate.

個人的な生活とプロフェッショナルな生活は分けておいてください。

C2 adjective /bɪˈnɪɡnənt/

benignant

慈悲深い, 親切な

Meaning

Kindly and benevolent in nature.

Example

The teacher’s benignant attitude made the students feel comfortable.

先生の寛大な態度が学生たちを快適にさせた。

C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

予言者

Meaning

A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.

Example

The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.

予言者は王国の大きな変化を予測しました。

C2 verb /kəˈnoʊt/

connote

示唆する

Meaning

To suggest or imply an additional meaning beyond the literal one.

Example

The word 'youthful' connotes energy and vitality.

「若々しい」という言葉はエネルギーと活力を示唆します。

C2 verb /ˈsʌk.əl/

suckle

授乳する

Meaning

to feed a baby or young animal with milk from the breast or udder

Example

The mother cat suckled her kittens in the basket.

母猫はバスケットで子猫にお乳を与えていました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

不敬な

Meaning

showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected

Example

The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.

コメディアンの不敬なジョークは、観客の一部を不快にさせた。

B1 adverb /ˈdʒen.tli/

Gently

優しく; 注意深く; ゆっくりと;

Meaning

in a mild, soft, or careful manner

Example

She gently touched the baby's face.

彼女は赤ちゃんの顔を優しく触れました。

B1 noun /ˈvæl.i/

Valley

谷

Meaning

a low area of land between hills or mountains

Example

The green valley stretched for miles between the mountains.

緑の谷は山々の間に何マイルも広がっていた。

C2 adjective /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪtɪd/

variegated

まだらの

Meaning

Having different colors, especially in irregular patches or streaks.

Example

The garden was full of variegated plants.

庭はまだらの植物でいっぱいでした。

C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

不活動

Meaning

the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action

Example

Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.

長期間の不活動は身体的および精神的健康に悪影響を与えます。

B2 noun /ˈtriː.oʊ/

trio

三人組

Meaning

A group of three people or things, especially in music or performance.

Example

The jazz trio played beautifully at the concert.

ジャズトリオはコンサートで素晴らしい演奏をしました。

C1 noun /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊʃən/

locomotion

移動

Meaning

movement or the ability to move from one place to another

Example

Walking is the most common form of human locomotion.

歩くことは人間の最も一般的な移動の形です。

C2 noun /bəˈfuːn/

buffoon

道化師

Meaning

A ridiculous but amusing person; a clown or jester.

Example

He acted like a buffoon at the party, making everyone laugh.

彼はパーティーで道化師のように振る舞い、みんなを笑わせた。

Meaning

a warm knitted piece of clothing worn on the upper body

Example

She wore a red sweater to keep warm in the cold weather.

B1 adjective /draɪd/

dried

乾燥

Meaning

without moisture; preserved by removing water

Example

She added some dried flowers to the vase for decoration.

彼女は装飾のために花瓶に乾燥した花を加えた。

Meaning

To hold or express opinions that are different from those officially accepted.

Example

Several members dissented from the majority decision.

Meaning

machines collectively, or the parts of a machine; also, the system or process by which something works

Example

The factory invested in new machinery to increase production.

B2 noun /ˈskuːtər/

scooter

スクーター

Meaning

a small two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine or electricity

Example

She rides a scooter to work every day.

彼女は毎日スクーターで仕事に行きます。

A2 verb /wɛr/

wear

着る

Meaning

to have clothing or accessories on one's body

Example

She likes to wear bright colors.

彼女は明るい色を着るのが好きです。

C2 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈlɪkʃən/

dereliction

職務怠慢

Meaning

the state of being abandoned; neglect of duty

Example

The officer was charged with dereliction of duty.

その役人は職務怠慢で起訴された。

C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

驚愕

Meaning

With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.

Example

She stood agape at the breathtaking view.

彼女は息を呑むような景色に驚いて口を開けたまま立っていた。

B1 noun ˈtʊə.nə.mənt

tournament

トーナメント

Meaning

A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.

Example

The tournament showcased exceptional talent.

トーナメントは卓越した才能を示しました。