B1 noun /paɪp/

pipe

パイプ

Meaning

a tube used for conveying liquids or gases

Example

The plumber fixed the broken pipe.

配管工は壊れたパイプを修理しました。

B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

起訴

Meaning

The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.

Example

The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.

起訴側は被告人に対して強力な証拠を提出しました。

C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

原始的, 基本的

Meaning

Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.

Example

Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.

恐怖は人間が経験する最も原始的な感情の一つです。

B2 verb /prɪˈzɜːv/

preserve

保存する

Meaning

to keep something in its original state; to protect from harm or decay

Example

We must preserve our natural environment.

私たちは自然環境を保存しなければなりません。

A2 noun /ˈpɛni/

penny

ペニー

Meaning

a small coin of low value; a very small amount of money

Example

He found a penny on the sidewalk and smiled.

彼は歩道でペニーを見つけて微笑んだ。

A2 adjective /pliːzd/

pleased

満足

Meaning

feeling happy or satisfied with something

Example

She was pleased with her exam results.

彼女は試験の結果に満足していました。

C1 verb /priːn/

preen

身だしなみを整える

Meaning

To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.

Example

She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.

彼女はパーティーに出かける前に鏡の前で身だしなみを整えていた。

C2 verb /ˈpɛrəɡrɪˌneɪt/

peregrinate

幸福

Meaning

To travel or wander from place to place.

Example

He loved to peregrinate across the countryside during summer.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せませんでした。

B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

切望する

Meaning

to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing

Example

He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.

海外に引っ越した後、彼は故郷を切望していた。

B2 noun /ˈprɛsɪdənt/

precedent

前例

Meaning

An earlier event or decision that serves as a guide or example for future similar situations.

Example

The judge’s ruling set a new precedent for similar cases.

裁判官の判決は、同様の事件のための新たな前例を設定した。

C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

万能薬

Meaning

A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.

Example

Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.

教育は社会問題の万能薬と見なされることがよくあります。

C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

信仰心

Meaning

the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice

Example

His piety was evident in his daily prayers.

彼の信仰心は毎日の祈りに明らかでした。

B2 noun /ˈpoʊ.di.əm/

Podium

ポディウム

Meaning

a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience

Example

The winner stood on the podium to receive the gold medal.

優勝者は金メダルを受け取るためにポディウムに立ちました。

C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt

phytonutrient

フィトニュートリエント

Meaning

Chemical compounds produced by plants that are beneficial to human health but not essential nutrients.

Example

Broccoli is rich in phytonutrients that enhance immunity.

ブロッコリーは免疫力を高めるフィトニュートリエントを豊富に含んでいます。

B2 adjective /ˈpen.dɪŋ/

Pending

保留中; 未決定; 進行中

Meaning

awaiting; not yet decided or settled; in the process of being completed

Example

The application is still pending approval.

申請はまだ承認待ちです。

C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

音声学の

Meaning

relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics

Example

Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.

子供たちは新しい単語を正確に読むために音声学のルールを学びます。

C1 verb /per/

pare

皮をむく

Meaning

to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually

Example

She pared the apple before eating it.

彼女はリンゴを食べる前に皮をむいた。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

括弧内のコメント

Meaning

Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.

Example

He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.

彼は講義中に括弧内のコメントを追加しました。

B2 noun /prəˈpɔːʃən/

proportion

Meaning

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole

Example

The proportion of students passing the exam was high.

A2 verb /prɪˈvent/

prevent

防ぐ

Meaning

to stop something from happening; to keep from occurring

Example

Vaccination helps prevent many diseases.

ワクチンは多くの病気を予防するのに役立ちます。

B1 noun /pruːf/

proof

証拠

Meaning

evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement

Example

The detective presented proof of the suspect's guilt.

探偵は容疑者の有罪の証拠を提示しました。

B2 adjective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

prospective

将来性のある

Meaning

likely or expected to happen in the future; potential

Example

The company is meeting with prospective clients next week.

その会社は来週、将来性のあるクライアントと会う予定です。

C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平等

Meaning

the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay

Example

The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.

キャンペーンは男性と女性の間で給与の平等を達成することを目指しています。

C2 adjective /pəˈrɒnɪməs/

paronymous

同義語

Meaning

Words that are derived from the same root or sound alike.

Example

The words 'effect' and 'effective' are paronymous.

‘Effect’ と ‘Effective’ は同義語です。

B1 noun /ˈpaɪ.lət/

Pilot

パイロット

Meaning

a person who operates the controls of an aircraft

Example

The experienced pilot landed the plane safely during the storm.

経験豊富なパイロットが嵐の中で飛行機を安全に着陸させました。

C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

ポリガミー

Meaning

the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time

Example

Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.

ポリガミーは世界の多くの国で違法です。

C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/

picaresque

悪党の英雄の物語

Meaning

relating to a style of fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish hero

Example

The novel is a picaresque tale of a clever vagabond.

その小説は賢い浮浪者のピカレスクの物語です。

C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

膨らみ

Meaning

A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.

Example

The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.

医師は彼の腕の小さな膨らみを調べました。

B2 verb /pərˈsuː/

pursue

追求する

Meaning

to follow or chase with the intent to catch or achieve something

Example

She decided to pursue her dreams of becoming a doctor.

彼女は医者になるという夢を追い求めることに決めました。

A2 noun ˈpraɪsɪz

prices

価格

Meaning

The amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.

Example

Rising prices are affecting consumer spending.

上昇する価格は消費者支出に影響を与えています。

C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

インフォーマルミーティング

Meaning

an informal meeting or conference to discuss something

Example

The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.

チームはプレゼンテーションの前に迅速なインフォーマルミーティングを開催しました。

C1 noun ˈprɛvələns

prevalence

蔓延

Meaning

The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs

Example

The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.

老化問題の蔓延は即時の注意を必要とする。

B1 verb /pɔːz/

Pause

一時停止

Meaning

to stop temporarily; to take a break in activity or speech

Example

Please pause the video while I take notes.

ノートを取る間にビデオを一時停止してください。

C2 adjective /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

photoelectric

フォトエレクトリック

Meaning

relating to the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material

Example

The photoelectric effect is fundamental in solar panels.

光電効果は太陽光パネルにおいて基本的です。

C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

売る

Meaning

To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.

Example

Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.

ストリートの販売員は観光客に手作りのジュエリーを売っている。

B1 adverb /pəˈlaɪt.li/

Politely

丁寧に;

Meaning

in a respectful and considerate manner; courteously; with good manners

Example

She politely declined the invitation because she had other commitments.

彼女は他の約束があったので、丁寧に招待を断った。

C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

小型の船

Meaning

a small boat, often carried by a larger ship

Example

The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.

船員たちは岸に到達するために小型の船を使いました。

B1 noun /priːst/

priest

神父

Meaning

a person who performs religious duties and ceremonies

Example

The priest blessed the congregation during the Sunday service.

神父は日曜日の礼拝中に会衆に祝福を与えました。

C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

結びの演説

Meaning

The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.

Example

The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.

政治家のペロレーションは、観客を熱狂的に拍手させました。

C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

精神病

Meaning

A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.

Example

The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.

患者は幻覚を経験した後、精神病と診断されました。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

ペンネーム

Meaning

a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym

Example

Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.

マーク・トウェインはサミュエル・クレメンズのペンネームでした。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学の進歩により、医師は珍しい感染症を迅速に特定できました。

C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒi/

philology

書かれた歴史的な資料における言語の研究; 言語学

Meaning

the study of language in written historical sources; linguistics

Example

She devoted her career to philology, researching ancient manuscripts.

彼女はフィロロジーに自分のキャリアを捧げ、古代の写本を研究していました。

C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

傾向または自然な傾向

Meaning

An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.

Example

He has a propensity for taking risks in business.

彼はビジネスでリスクを取る傾向がある。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

主張する

Meaning

to claim or profess something, often falsely

Example

The document purports to be an official government report.

その文書は公式な政府報告書であると主張しています。

B1 adjective /ˈprɛɡnənt/

pregnant

妊娠している; 意味深い

Meaning

having a child developing in the womb; also, full of meaning or significance

Example

She announced that she was three months pregnant.

彼女は三ヶ月妊娠していることを発表しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːr.kə.tri/

parquetry

パーケットフローリングの技術

Meaning

The art or technique of laying parquet floors.

Example

The craftsman specialized in parquetry for luxury homes.

職人は高級住宅のためにパーケット工芸を専門にしていました。

C2 noun /ˈpæk.ɪ.dɜːrm/

pachyderm

厚い皮膚を持つ大型哺乳動物

Meaning

a large mammal with thick skin, such as an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus

Example

The zoo had several pachyderms, including elephants and rhinos.

動物園にはいくつかのパキダームがいて、象やサイが含まれていました。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

精神科医

Meaning

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

Example

The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.

精神科医は患者の不安に対して薬を処方しました。

C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

頑固; 逆行;

Meaning

deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate

Example

His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.

彼のパーヴァーシティは、助けを断ることで皆を困らせた。

A2 noun /prɪns/

prince

王子

Meaning

a male member of a royal family, especially the son of a king or queen; a ruler of a principality

Example

The prince addressed the nation on his birthday.

王子は誕生日に国民に演説しました。

B1 noun /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/

Punishment

罰

Meaning

penalty given for doing something wrong or breaking a rule

Example

The student received punishment for cheating on the exam.

学生は試験でカンニングをして罰を受けました。

C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

倒錯

Meaning

showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable

Example

He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.

彼は同僚を困らせることに倒錯した喜びを感じていた。

B1 adverb /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl.i/

Practically

実質的に; ほぼ; ほぼ

Meaning

in a practical manner; almost; nearly

Example

The project is practically finished.

そのプロジェクトはほぼ終わりました。

B2 adjective ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv

proactive

積極的

Meaning

Taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens.

Example

Proactive strategies are needed to combat scarcity.

不足に対処するために積極的な戦略が必要です。

B1 noun /ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən/

preparation

準備

Meaning

The act of getting ready or making arrangements for something.

Example

The team made careful preparation for the presentation.

チームはプレゼンテーションのために慎重に準備をしました。

B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/

Procession

行列; パレード;

Meaning

a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony

Example

The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.

結婚式の行列はゆっくりと教会に向かって歩きました。

C2 noun /pəˈtiːnə/

patina

金属、石、または木材の表面に年齢または使用によって形成される薄い膜または光沢; また、表面的な外観

Meaning

a surface film or sheen on metal, stone, or wood due to age or use; also, a superficial appearance

Example

The bronze statue developed a green patina after years in the sea air.

海風に数年さらされた後、青銅の像には緑色のパティナが形成されました。

C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

パノラマビュー

Meaning

An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.

Example

From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.

丘の頂上から、私たちは街の息をのむようなパノラマビューを楽しみました。

C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊlɪst/

populist

ポピュリストのリーダー

Meaning

A politician or person who seeks to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are ignored by elites.

Example

The populist leader promised to put the needs of common citizens first.

ポピュリストのリーダーは、一般市民のニーズを最優先すると約束しました。

A2 noun ˈprəʊ.ses

process

プロセス

Meaning

A series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

Example

Recruitment involves a three-stage process.

リクルートには三段階のプロセスが含まれています。

C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

美しさ

Meaning

physical beauty

Example

The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.

その女優は美しさと才能で賞賛されました。

C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

計画的

Meaning

planned in advance; done deliberately

Example

The crime was clearly premeditated.

その犯罪は明らかに計画的だった。

B1 adverb /pɑːrˈtɪkjʊləli/

particularly

特に

Meaning

to a higher degree than is usual or expected

Example

She is particularly fond of Italian food.

彼女は特にイタリア料理が好きです。

B2 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən/

Passion

情熱

Meaning

strong enthusiasm or excitement for something; intense emotion or feeling

Example

Her passion for music led her to become a professional singer.

音楽への情熱が彼女をプロの歌手に導いた。

C2 adjective /prəˈtuːbərənt/

protuberant

突出または膨らんだ

Meaning

Sticking out or bulging.

Example

His protuberant belly showed after the meal.

食事の後、彼の膨らんだ腹が見えた。

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.səl/

Parcel

小包; 土地の一区画

Meaning

an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper for carrying or sending by mail; a piece of land

Example

The postman delivered a parcel to our door.

郵便配達員が私たちのドアに小包を届けました。

C2 noun /ˌpraɪvəˈtɪə/

privateer

私掠船

Meaning

A privately owned armed ship authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during war.

Example

The privateer captured several enemy vessels during the conflict.

プライベティアは紛争中にいくつかの敵船を捕らえました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɔːntʃi/

paunchy

ぽっこりお腹

Meaning

Having a large or protruding belly.

Example

The paunchy man struggled to button his shirt.

ぽっこりお腹の男はシャツのボタンを留めるのに苦労していた。

B2 noun /ˈpeɪtrən/

patron

後援者

Meaning

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause

Example

The library is supported by generous patrons.

図書館は寛大な後援者によって支えられています。

C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

月または衛星の軌道で地球に最も近い点

Meaning

the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth

Example

The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.

月はそのペリジーの際にかなり大きく見えました。

C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/

prognostication

予言

Meaning

The act of foretelling or predicting future events.

Example

The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.

占星術師の予言は聴衆を魅了した。

C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

賛美歌

Meaning

A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.

Example

The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.

その記事は自然の美しさへの賛美歌でした。

C2 adjective /pərˈsuːənt/

pursuant

に従って

Meaning

in accordance with or following something, especially a law or rule

Example

The decision was made pursuant to the regulations.

その決定は規則に従って行われました。

B2 noun /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/

Provision

備蓄

Meaning

supplies of food and other necessary things; arrangement or preparation

Example

The government made provision for emergency supplies during the flood.

政府は洪水時の緊急供給のために備蓄を行いました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

比類のない; 無敵の; ライバルなし

Meaning

unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival

Example

Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.

彼女の比類のない美しさはすべてを魅了しました。

B1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk/

Peacock

クジャク

Meaning

a large bird with beautiful colorful tail feathers that can spread out like a fan

Example

The magnificent peacock displayed its colorful feathers to attract attention.

その素晴らしいクジャクは、注目を集めるために色鮮やかな羽を広げました。

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

汚染する

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

工場は有害な化学物質で環境を汚染します。

C1 verb /pərˈsɑːnɪfaɪ/

personify

幸福

Meaning

To represent or embody a quality, idea, or concept in human form.

Example

She personifies kindness and generosity.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。

C2 noun /ˌprɪnsɪˈpæləti/

principality

公国

Meaning

a state ruled by a prince

Example

Monaco is a famous principality in Europe.

モナコはヨーロッパで有名な公国です。

C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

多作な

Meaning

Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.

Example

The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.

その著者は非常に多作で、30冊以上の本を執筆しています。

B2 adjective /ˈpæsɪv/

passive

受動的; (文法) 受動態

Meaning

not actively responding or participating; in grammar, denoting the voice in which the subject undergoes the action

Example

Instead of taking charge, he remained passive during the meeting.

会議では責任を取る代わりに、彼は受動的なままでした。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

海賊行為

Meaning

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material

Example

Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.

ソフトウェアの海賊行為は毎年企業に数十億ドルの損失をもたらします。

C2 adjective ˌpɜː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

perspicacious

鋭い洞察力を持つ

Meaning

Having keen insight and understanding; showing acute mental discernment.

Example

The detective's perspicacious nature helped solve the mystery.

探偵の鋭い性格が謎を解くのに役立ちました。

B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

戦後の

Meaning

relating to the period after a war has ended

Example

The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.

その国は戦後の時代に急速な経済成長を遂げた。

C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

非常に注意深く

Meaning

Done with great care and thoroughness.

Example

The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.

アーティストは非常に注意深くプロジェクトを完了しました。

B2 noun /piːk/

Peak

頂上

Meaning

the highest point of a mountain or hill; the maximum level or intensity

Example

The climbers reached the peak of Mount Everest.

登山者たちはエベレスト山の頂上に到達した。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

イラン出身者またはペルシャ語を話す人

Meaning

a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)

Example

The Persian language has a rich literary history.

ペルシャ語は豊かな文学的歴史を持っています。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

辛い

Meaning

having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative

Example

The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.

シェフは料理に辛いソースを加えて、味を引き立てました。

C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

木製の床

Meaning

A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.

Example

The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.

その古い邸宅には美しい木製の床がありました。

B1 verb pres

press

押す. 圧力。

Meaning

Exert force on (someone or something), typically with one's finger or hand, in order to move them away from oneself.

Example

Press firmly to operate the machine.

マシンを操作するためにしっかり押してください。

B2 adjective /prəˈɡrɛsɪv/

progressive

進歩的

Meaning

favoring or implementing new and modern ideas or policies; moving forward or improving

Example

She holds progressive views on social justice and equality.

彼女は社会的正義と平等に関して進歩的な見解を持っています。

C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

好戦的

Meaning

A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.

Example

The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.

コーチはフィールドで選手のパグナシティを賞賛しました。

B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

持つ / 所有する

Meaning

To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.

Example

She possesses great talent in music.

彼女は音楽において素晴らしい才能を持っています。

C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

幸福

Meaning

To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.

Example

The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

C1 noun /pəˈrɛnθəsɪs/

parenthesis

括弧

Meaning

A pair of curved marks ( ) used to enclose words or numbers; also an interruption or digression in speech or writing.

Example

The explanation was given in a parenthesis within the text.

説明はテキスト内の括弧に含まれていました。

C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

禁止するような高い

Meaning

Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.

Example

The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.

その薬の費用は多くの家族にとって高すぎる。

C2 noun /ˈpruːdəri/

prudery

Meaning

the behavior or attitude of people who are too easily shocked or offended by sexual matters

Example

His prudery often made others uncomfortable during open discussions.

C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

プロレタリアン

Meaning

Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.

Example

The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.

その運動はプロレタリアンの闘争に根ざしていた。

A2 noun /pɪn/

pin

ピン

Meaning

a small thin piece of metal used to fasten or hold things together

Example

She used a pin to attach the note to the board.

彼女はボードにメモを留めるためにピンを使った。

B1 noun /pɔːrk/

pork

幸せ

Meaning

the flesh of a pig used as food

Example

He doesn't eat pork for religious reasons.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

A2 phrasal verb /pɪk ʌp/

pick up

拾う; 迎えに行く; 身につける

Meaning

to lift something; to collect or receive someone or something; to learn or acquire gradually; to improve or increase

Example

She picked up the book from the floor.

彼女は床から本を拾った。

B1 noun /ˈpælɪs/

palace

宮殿

Meaning

a large and impressive building that is the official home of a king, queen, or other ruler

Example

The royal family lives in a magnificent palace.

王室は素晴らしい宮殿に住んでいます。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

パロットビーク

Meaning

a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak

Example

The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.

パロットビークの花はユニークな曲線を持っており、どんな庭にも魅力的な追加要素となります。

C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

農薬残留物

Meaning

Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.

Example

Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.

食物中の農薬残留物が過剰だと健康に害を与える可能性があります。

B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

所有権; 財産; 支配

Meaning

something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something

Example

The house has been in their family's possession for generations.

その家は何世代にもわたって彼らの家族の所有物です。

C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

教師

Meaning

a teacher, especially a strict or formal one

Example

The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.

その古い教育者は教室で規律を強調しました。

C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

家畜用の餌

Meaning

food or provisions, especially for livestock

Example

The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.

納屋は家畜用の餌でいっぱいだった。

B2 verb /ˈpiːtər/

peter

次第に弱まる

Meaning

to diminish gradually and come to an end; to fade or dwindle away

Example

The excitement of the event began to peter out after a few hours.

イベントの興奮は数時間後に次第に収束し始めた。

A2 noun /peɪn/

Pain

痛み; 体の苦しみや感情的な苦痛

Meaning

physical suffering or discomfort; mental or emotional distress

Example

The patient felt severe pain in his back.

患者は背中にひどい痛みを感じました。

A1 noun/verb /pɛn/

pen

幸せ

Meaning

A writing instrument using ink; also, to write something.

Example

She used a pen to sign the document.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

実利主義者

Meaning

A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.

Example

He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.

彼は結果を理想よりも重視する真の実利主義者です。

C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

Pompous

気取った; うぬぼれた; 過度に豪華な

Meaning

showing off; pretentious; overly grand

Example

His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.

彼の気取った態度は会議でみんなを苛立たせました。

C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

劇作家

Meaning

a person who writes plays

Example

Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.

シェイクスピアはすべての時代で最も偉大な劇作家と見なされています。

A2 noun /pəˈluː.ʃən/

pollution

汚染

Meaning

The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

Example

Industrial pollution harms marine life.

産業汚染は海洋生物に害を及ぼします。

B2 adjective /ˌfɪl.əˈsɒf.ɪ.kəl/

philosophical

哲学的

Meaning

relating to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

She maintained a calm and philosophical attitude during the crisis.

危機の間、彼女は冷静で哲学的な態度を保ちました。

C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

岩石の説明

Meaning

a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing

Example

The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.

科学者は岩石の組成を理解するためにペトログラフを研究しました。

C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

傾向

Meaning

Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.

Example

She is predisposed to trust people easily.

彼女は人々を簡単に信頼する傾向があります。

C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

不足 / 欠乏

Meaning

the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities

Example

The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.

プロジェクトは資金不足のため遅れました。

B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

繁栄

Meaning

The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.

Example

The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.

その国は過去十年間で大きな繁栄を達成しました。