C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

香水産業

Meaning

the art, business, or products of making perfumes

Example

She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.

彼女は高級な香りを作り出すパフューマリーで働いています。

C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

禁止する

Meaning

to forbid something by law or authority

Example

The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.

新しい法律は農業で有害な化学物質の使用を禁止します。

B2 noun pəˈluː.tənts

pollutants

汚染物質

Meaning

A substance that pollutes or contaminates the environment.

Example

Pollutants contribute to environmental degradation.

汚染物質は環境劣化を引き起こします。

A2 noun /pɛt/

pet

ペット

Meaning

a domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure

Example

My dog is my favorite pet.

私の犬は私のお気に入りのペットです。

C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

歪曲

Meaning

The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.

Example

The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.

政権の検閲は、自由な言論の歪曲と見なされていました。

B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

追求, 探求

Meaning

the act of chasing or trying to achieve something

Example

He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.

彼は幸福を追い求めることに人生を捧げた。

C1 verb /ˈplʌm.ɪt/

plummet

速い速度で真っ直ぐに落ちる

Meaning

to fall straight down at high speed

Example

Stock prices plummeted after the sudden market crash.

株価は市場の突然の暴落後に急落しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɔːrfəri/

porphyry

硬い火成岩

Meaning

A hard igneous rock containing crystals, often used for decorative or building purposes.

Example

The ancient Romans used porphyry to make columns and statues.

古代ローマ人はポルフィリを使って柱や彫像を作った。

C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

倒れる

Meaning

lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion

Example

He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.

長い戦いの後、彼は地面に倒れて横たわった。

C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

まだら模様の

Meaning

having two or more different colors, typically in blotches

Example

The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.

その斑猫は体中に黒と白の斑点がありました。

C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒɔːr/

pledgeor

保証人

Meaning

a person who gives or offers a pledge or security

Example

The bank accepted the jewelry from the pledgeor as collateral for the loan.

銀行は貸付の担保として保証人から宝石を受け入れました。

A2 noun /piːs/

peace

平和

Meaning

a state of tranquility or quiet, freedom from disturbance

Example

They hope for peace in the region.

彼らは地域での平和を望んでいます。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/

philosophy

哲学

Meaning

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

Her philosophy emphasizes kindness and empathy.

彼女の哲学は親切さと共感を強調しています。

B2 noun /pænt/

Pant

パンツ

Meaning

a piece of clothing worn on the lower body covering each leg separately

Example

She bought a new pair of pants for the party.

彼女はパーティーのために新しいパンツを買った。

C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

プロペラ

Meaning

A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.

Example

The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.

飛行機のプロペラは大きな速さで空気を切った。

B1 noun /ˈpaʊdər/

powder

粉

Meaning

a fine, dry substance made of very tiny particles

Example

She sprinkled some powder on the cake.

彼女はケーキに粉をふりかけました。

B1 noun /plʌm/

Plum

プラム

Meaning

a small round fruit with smooth red or purple skin, sweet flesh, and a single large seed

Example

The purple plum was juicy and delicious.

その紫色のプラムはジューシーで美味しかった。

A2 verb /prɪˈtɛnd/

pretend

ふりをする

Meaning

To act as if something is true when it is not.

Example

The children pretended to be superheroes.

子供たちはスーパーヒーローになるふりをした。

C2 noun /ˈpæk.ɪ.dɜːrm/

pachyderm

厚い皮膚を持つ大型哺乳動物

Meaning

a large mammal with thick skin, such as an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus

Example

The zoo had several pachyderms, including elephants and rhinos.

動物園にはいくつかのパキダームがいて、象やサイが含まれていました。

C1 noun /prəˈspɛktəs/

prospectus

募集要項

Meaning

a printed document that advertises or describes a school, business, or investment offering

Example

The university sent out a prospectus to attract new students.

大学は新しい学生を引き付けるために募集要項を送った。

C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

パンチライン

Meaning

The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.

Example

Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.

みんな彼のジョークのパンチラインで大笑いした。

B2 noun ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd

pesticide

農薬

Meaning

A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.

畑に撒かれた農薬は有害な昆虫を殺しました。

B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

持つ / 所有する

Meaning

To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.

Example

She possesses great talent in music.

彼女は音楽において素晴らしい才能を持っています。

B1 adverb /pɑːrˈtɪkjʊləli/

particularly

特に

Meaning

to a higher degree than is usual or expected

Example

She is particularly fond of Italian food.

彼女は特にイタリア料理が好きです。

C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

ピグメンテーション

Meaning

The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.

Example

Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.

過度の摩擦はピグメンテーションの問題を引き起こす可能性があります。

C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

分極された

Meaning

divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions

Example

The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.

その議論は気候変動問題についてコミュニティを分裂させました。

C2 verb /ˈpɔːltər/

palter

あいまいに話す、騙す

Meaning

to act insincerely or deceitfully; to equivocate or lie

Example

He paltered when asked about his involvement in the deal.

取引に関与しているか尋ねられたとき、彼は回避しました。

C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

挑発的

Meaning

causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating

Example

His provoking comments made everyone angry.

彼の挑発的なコメントは皆を怒らせた。

B2 noun /ˈprəʊsesə/

processor

プロセッサ

Meaning

a machine or device that processes something, especially a computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Example

The new laptop has a faster processor.

新しいノートパソコンにはより高速なプロセッサがあります。

A2 noun /ˈpɜːpəs/

purpose

目的

Meaning

the reason for which something is done or created

Example

The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.

この会議の目的は新しいプロジェクトについて議論することです。

C2 noun /ˈpɒntɪf/

pontiff

教皇または高位の司教

Meaning

the pope or a high-ranking bishop in the Christian church

Example

The pontiff addressed the nation in a televised speech.

教皇はテレビで国民に向けて演説を行いました。

C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

極性

Meaning

the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects

Example

The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.

二つの政治党派の間の極性は強くなりつつあります。

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

霊長類, 類人猿

Meaning

A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.

Example

Humans are classified as primates.

人間は霊長類として分類されます。

C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

長引いた, 延長された

Meaning

Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

Example

The negotiations were protracted over months.

交渉は数ヶ月続いた。

C2 noun /ˈprɒsɪlaɪt/

proselyte

改宗者

Meaning

A person who has converted from one belief, opinion, or religion to another.

Example

She became a proselyte after converting to a new faith.

彼女は新しい信仰に改宗した後、改宗者になった。

B1 noun /ˈpʊl.oʊ.vər/

Pullover

セーター

Meaning

a knitted garment worn on the upper body, typically pulled on over the head

Example

She wore a warm pullover during the cold winter evening.

彼女は寒い冬の夕方に温かいセーターを着ていた。

B1 verb /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

purchase

購入

Meaning

to buy something; to acquire by paying money

Example

I need to purchase groceries for the week.

今週のために食料品を購入する必要があります。

C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

所有者

Meaning

A person who owns or holds something.

Example

The possessor of the land built a new house.

土地の所有者は新しい家を建てました。

B2 noun pɪər ˈɪnfluəns

peer influence

仲間の影響

Meaning

The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.

Example

Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly.

仲間の影響は、若者の行動に大きな影響を与えることがあります。

C1 noun /prəˈpɛlənt/

propellant

推進剤

Meaning

A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.

Example

The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space.

ロケットは液体推進剤を使用して宇宙に打ち上げられます。

B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

未加工の米; 稲田

Meaning

rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown

Example

The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.

農家は収穫の季節に稲田で懸命に働きました。

B1 noun praɪd

pride

誇り

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

勝利の日は私たちの心を誇りで満たします。

C2 noun /ˌfɑːsfəˈrɛsəns/

phosphorescence

フォスフォレッセンス

Meaning

the property of emitting light without noticeable heat

Example

The deep-sea creatures displayed a beautiful phosphorescence.

深海の生物は美しいフォスフォレッセンスを示しました。

C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

パノラマビュー

Meaning

An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.

Example

From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.

丘の頂上から、私たちは街の息をのむようなパノラマビューを楽しみました。

B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

ふくよかまたは丸い

Meaning

having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat

Example

The cat was plump and well-fed.

その猫はふくよかでよく食べていました。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学の進歩により、医師は珍しい感染症を迅速に特定できました。

B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

パトロールする

Meaning

to move around an area to watch or guard it

Example

The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.

警察は夜に街をパトロールして安全を確保しています。

A1 noun /pɪɡ/

Pig

豚

Meaning

a domestic farm animal with a short curly tail and a flat nose

Example

The farmer fed the pig in the pen.

農場主は豚をペンで育てました。

C2 noun /ˈprɛləsi/

prelacy

教会制度

Meaning

The office, dignity, or system of church government by prelates.

Example

The medieval church was dominated by prelacy and its traditions.

中世の教会はプレラシーとその伝統によって支配されていた。

A2 noun ˈpræktɪs

practice

練習

Meaning

The actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method; repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill.

Example

Daily practice improves fluency.

毎日の練習は流暢さを改善します。

C2 adjective /ˈplɛntɪəs/

plenteous

豊富

Meaning

existing in great quantity; abundant

Example

The harvest was plenteous, providing enough food for the entire village.

収穫は豊富で、村全体に十分な食料を提供しました。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

B2 verb /piːp/

peep

覗く

Meaning

to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound

Example

The child tried to peep through the keyhole.

子供は鍵穴から覗こうとした。

B1 adjective /pleɪn/

plain

簡単な

Meaning

simple or clear, without decoration or complexity

Example

She wore a plain white dress to the ceremony.

彼女は式典にシンプルな白いドレスを着ていました。

B1 verb /prɪˈdɪkt/

predict

予測する

Meaning

to say that something will happen in the future

Example

Scientists predict rain tomorrow.

科学者たちは明日雨が降ると予測しています。

C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

遺産

Meaning

Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.

Example

The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.

その城は彼の貴族の先祖から受け継いだ遺産の一部でした。

B1 verb /pɔːz/

Pause

一時停止

Meaning

to stop temporarily; to take a break in activity or speech

Example

Please pause the video while I take notes.

ノートを取る間にビデオを一時停止してください。

B1 noun /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

publication

出版

Meaning

the act of making something publicly known or available

Example

The publication of the report sparked a debate.

報告書の出版は議論を引き起こしました。

B2 noun /ˈprɒbləm ˈsɒlvɪŋ/

problem-solving

問題解決

Meaning

The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.

Example

Problem-solving skills are key to leadership.

問題解決能力はリーダーシップに不可欠です。

C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

振り子

Meaning

A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.

Example

The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.

振り子は時計の中で前後に揺れていた。

C1 noun /pəˈraɪə/

pariah

社会的に追放された人

Meaning

An outcast; someone who is rejected by society or a social group.

Example

After the scandal, he became a social pariah.

スキャンダルの後、彼は社会的なパリアになった。

B1 noun /pəˈlɪtɪʃən/

politician

政治家

Meaning

a person who is involved in politics, especially as a profession

Example

The politician promised to improve the economy.

政治家は経済改善を約束しました。

B2 noun /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/

Publicity

宣伝

Meaning

public attention or notice given to someone or something; advertising or promotion

Example

The movie received a lot of publicity before its release.

その映画は公開前に多くの宣伝を受けました。

C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

ペリウィンクル

Meaning

a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers

Example

Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.

紫色のペリウィンクルが美しく庭の地面を覆っていました。

C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的な, 手つかずの, 清潔で新鮮な

Meaning

In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.

Example

The forest remains in a pristine condition.

その森は原始的な状態を保っています。

A2 adverb /ˈprɒb.ə.bli/

Probably

おそらく

Meaning

almost certainly; very likely; in all likelihood

Example

He will probably arrive late tonight.

彼はおそらく今夜遅れて到着するでしょう。

A2 adjective /ˈpiːs.fəl/

Peaceful

平和

Meaning

free from disturbance; calm and quiet; not involving war or violence

Example

The garden is a peaceful place to relax.

庭はリラックスするための平和な場所です。

B2 adjective /ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/

presidential

大統領に関連する

Meaning

relating to a president or presidency

Example

The presidential election is scheduled for next month.

大統領選挙は来月に予定されています。

B2 noun /ˈprɛʃər ˈkʊkər/

Pressure cooker

圧力鍋

Meaning

a sealed cooking pot that uses steam pressure to cook food faster

Example

Using a pressure cooker reduces cooking time by more than half.

圧力鍋を使うと、調理時間が半分以上短縮されます。

C2 verb /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/

presage

予兆

Meaning

to be a sign or warning that something will happen; to foreshadow

Example

Dark clouds presage a storm.

暗い雲が嵐を予告する。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

事前に設定する

Meaning

To establish or set up beforehand.

Example

Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.

会議の前にいくつかのルールが事前に設定されていました。

C2 noun /ˈpɜr.fɪ.di/

Perfidy

裏切り

Meaning

deliberate breach of faith or trust; treachery; betrayal of trust

Example

His perfidy shocked all who had trusted him.

彼の裏切りは、彼を信じていたすべての人々を驚かせた。

A2 noun ˈpʌblɪk træns ˈpɔːt

public transport

公共交通機関

Meaning

Transportation systems available for use by the general public, typically including buses, trains, and metros.

Example

Public transport systems are essential for reducing traffic congestion.

公共交通機関は交通渋滞を減らすために重要です。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒsəfə/

philosopher

哲学者

Meaning

a person engaged in the study of philosophy or in serious thinking about fundamental questions

Example

Socrates was a famous philosopher of ancient Greece.

ソクラテスは古代ギリシャの有名な哲学者でした。

C1 adjective /pəˈfʌŋk.tər.i/

perfunctory

表面的な

Meaning

done without much effort, interest, or thought

Example

He gave a perfunctory nod and walked away.

彼は表面的にうなずいて、歩き去った。

Meaning

relating to mental illness or its treatment

Example

The psychiatric hospital provides care for those with severe conditions.

C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

打楽器

Meaning

Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.

Example

The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.

打楽器セクションはオーケストラにリズムとエネルギーを加えました。

A1 adjective /pɪŋk/

Pink

ピンク

Meaning

pale red color; slightly red

Example

She wore a beautiful pink dress to the party.

彼女はパーティーに美しいピンクのドレスを着ていました。

B2 noun /pænˈdɛmɪk/

pandemic

パンデミック

Meaning

An outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale.

Example

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the world dramatically.

COVID-19パンデミックは世界を劇的に変えました。

C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

浪費家

Meaning

spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant

Example

The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.

浪費家の息子は、遺産を浪費した後、家に帰りました。

Meaning

the behavior or attitude of people who are too easily shocked or offended by sexual matters

Example

His prudery often made others uncomfortable during open discussions.

B2 noun /ˈpæntri/

pantry

パントリー

Meaning

A small room or cupboard where food, dishes, and kitchen supplies are stored.

Example

She stocked the pantry with fresh groceries for the week.

彼女は今週のために新鮮な食料品でパントリーを満たしました。

C1 adjective /pərˈtɜːrbd/

perturbed

動揺した

Meaning

feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed

Example

He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.

悪いニュースを聞いた後、彼は動揺しているように見えました。

B2 adjective /pɪˈkjuː.li.ər/

Peculiar

奇妙な; 異常な; 珍しい

Meaning

strange or odd; unusual; belonging exclusively to

Example

She has a peculiar way of speaking.

彼女は奇妙な話し方をしています。

Meaning

relating to the lungs

Example

The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

サイコパス的

Meaning

Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.

Example

The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.

その映画は共感を持たないサイコパス的な殺人者を描いていました。

C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

垂直

Meaning

At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.

Example

The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.

はしごは安全のために地面に対して垂直に配置されました。

C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/

prognosticate

予測する

Meaning

To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.

Example

Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.

専門家たちは選挙の結果を予測しようとした。

B2 noun /ˈpɛbl/

pebble

小石

Meaning

a small smooth stone found on beaches or rivers

Example

He threw a pebble into the pond and watched the ripples.

彼は小石を池に投げ入れて、波を見ていました。

B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/

predominantly

主に

Meaning

mainly; for the most part

Example

The population in the city is predominantly young.

その都市の人口は主に若いです。

B2 noun ˌpʌŋkˈtʃʊəlɪti

punctuality

時間厳守

Meaning

The quality of being on time; the habit of arriving or doing things at the agreed or proper time.

Example

Punctuality is a valued trait in professional settings.

時間厳守はプロフェッショナルな環境で重要な特性です。

C2 adjective /pəˈluːsɪd/

pellucid

透明

Meaning

Transparently clear; easy to understand.

Example

The lake water was so pellucid that you could see the stones at the bottom.

湖の水はとても透明で、底の石まで見えるほどでした。