A1 noun /ˈpɛnsəl/

pencil

Meaning

an instrument for writing or drawing, typically made of wood with a graphite core

Example

He drew a picture with a pencil.

C2 noun /ˌfoʊˈtɑːmɪtər/

photometer

光度計

Meaning

an instrument for measuring the intensity of light

Example

The scientist used a photometer to measure the light in the laboratory.

科学者は実験室で光を測定するためにフォトメーターを使用しました。

C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

長すぎる

Meaning

using too many words; tediously lengthy

Example

The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.

教授の冗長な講義は多くの学生を眠らせた。

B1 noun /pruːf/

proof

証拠

Meaning

evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement

Example

The detective presented proof of the suspect's guilt.

探偵は容疑者の有罪の証拠を提示しました。

C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪk/

polemic

論争的な攻撃

Meaning

a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something

Example

The article was a fierce polemic against the government's policies.

その記事は政府の政策に対する激しい論争的な攻撃でした。

C2 noun /pɛlf/

pelf

不正な金

Meaning

Money, especially when gained dishonorably.

Example

The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.

腐敗した公務員は不正な金でしか動機づけられなかった。

C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

貴族階級

Meaning

the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group

Example

He was elevated to the peerage by the king.

彼は王によって貴族階級に昇進しました。

C1 verb /prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/

predominate

支配する

Meaning

To be the strongest, most common, or most influential element.

Example

Traditional values still predominate in the community.

伝統的な価値観はコミュニティ内で依然として支配的です。

C2 noun /ˌpæl.ənˈkiːn/

Palanquin

花嫁用の車

Meaning

a covered chair or bed carried on poles by bearers

Example

The bride was carried to the wedding ceremony in an ornate palanquin.

花嫁は装飾されたパランキンで結婚式に運ばれました。

C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

安物の作品

Meaning

a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value

Example

The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.

その小説は批評家によってただの安物の作品だと退けられた。

C2 noun /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.sen.sɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

photosensitivity

光感受性

Meaning

Sensitivity to light, especially abnormal sensitivity that may cause discomfort or damage.

Example

Overrubbing can increase photosensitivity.

過度の摩擦は光感受性を増加させる可能性があります。

C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

父性的

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a father.

Example

He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.

彼はその男の子の教育に父性的な関心を示しました。

C2 noun, verb /ˈpɑːrli/

parley

交渉

Meaning

a discussion between opposing sides, especially to negotiate terms

Example

The generals met to parley over the terms of surrender.

将軍たちは降伏条件について話し合うために会った。

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɪktəbəl/

predictable

予測可能

Meaning

able to be predicted or foreseen

Example

His reactions were predictable based on his past behavior.

彼の反応は過去の行動に基づいて予測可能でした。

C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

優遇

Meaning

showing or giving advantage to one over others

Example

Members receive preferential treatment at the club.

メンバーはクラブで優遇されます。

C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

優越性

Meaning

The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.

Example

The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.

オンラインショッピングの優越性が小売業を永遠に変えました。

C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

口を尖らせる

Meaning

to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness

Example

The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.

おもちゃをもらえなかったとき、子供は口を尖らせることを始めた。

C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

神の摂理

Meaning

the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence

Example

They believed their survival was due to divine providence.

彼らは自分たちの生存が神の摂理によるものであると信じていました。

C1 noun ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk

probiotic

有益な細菌

Meaning

Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

Example

Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion.

ヨーグルトは消化を助けるプロバイオティクスの自然な供給源です。

C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

公布する

Meaning

To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.

Example

The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.

政府はデータプライバシーに関する新しい規則を公布しました。

C2 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɪɡmətɪk/

paradigmatic

典型的な

Meaning

Serving as a typical example or model of something.

Example

Her success story is paradigmatic of the opportunities education can provide.

彼女の成功物語は、教育が提供できる機会の典型的な例です。

C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

盗作

Meaning

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

Example

The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.

学生はエッセイで盗作を行ったため、退学させられました。

C2 noun /ˈpɒl.i.mæθ/

polymath

博識者

Meaning

a person with knowledge of many different subjects

Example

Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath, excelling in art, science, and engineering.

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは、芸術、科学、工学において優れた博識者でした。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

五価

Meaning

Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.

Example

Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.

リンは五価の状態で存在することができます。

A1 noun /ˈpæstə/

pasta

パスタ

Meaning

an Italian food made from flour and water, typically shaped into noodles or sheets

Example

We had creamy pasta for dinner last night.

昨晩、私たちはディナーにクリーミーパスタを食べました。

C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

延長する

Meaning

To prolong or extend in time or duration.

Example

Negotiations were protracted for several months.

交渉は数ヶ月間延長されました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪk.səl/

pixel

デジタル画像またはディスプレイの最小単位

Meaning

the smallest unit of a digital image or display

Example

The image is blurry because some pixels are missing.

画像がぼやけているのは、いくつかのピクセルが欠けているからです。

C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

幽霊

Meaning

an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination

Example

The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.

子供は古い家で幽霊を見たと主張した。

C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

ペスト

Meaning

A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.

Example

The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.

中世の都市はペストで荒廃した。

C2 noun /ˈpætwɑː/

patois

方言

Meaning

a regional or social dialect, especially one considered nonstandard or informal

Example

The guide slipped into local patois when chatting with the fishermen.

ガイドは漁師と話すときに現地のパトワを使い始めました。

C2 verb /priːˈdɛstɪn/

predestine

運命づける

Meaning

to determine or decide something in advance, often regarded as being fixed by fate or divine will

Example

They believed their paths were predestined by fate.

彼らは自分たちの道が運命によって前もって定められていると信じていました。

B2 verb /plʌk/

pluck

摘む, 勇気を出す

Meaning

to take hold of and quickly remove; to gather courage or determination

Example

She plucked a flower from the garden.

彼女は庭から花を摘みました。

B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

正確に特定する

Meaning

to locate or identify something with precision

Example

The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.

探偵は容疑者の正確な場所を特定できました。

C2 noun /ˈfaɪəl/

phial

小さなガラス瓶

Meaning

a small glass container for liquids, especially medicines

Example

The doctor gave her a phial of medicine.

医者は彼女に薬の小瓶を渡しました。

B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/

proclaim

宣言する

Meaning

to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important

Example

The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.

大統領は国民の日を宣言した。

B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

繁栄

Meaning

The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.

Example

The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.

その国は過去十年間で大きな繁栄を達成しました。

C1 noun ˈprɛvələns

prevalence

蔓延

Meaning

The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs

Example

The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.

老化問題の蔓延は即時の注意を必要とする。

B1 verb /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

publish

出版する

Meaning

to print and distribute books, magazines, etc.; to make information available

Example

The author will publish her new novel next month.

著者は来月新しい小説を出版します。

B2 verb /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

polish

磨く

Meaning

to make smooth and shiny by rubbing; to improve or refine

Example

She needs to polish her shoes before the interview.

面接前に靴を磨かなければならない。

C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

寓話

Meaning

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Example

Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.

イエスはしばしば深い真理を伝えるために寓話を使って教えていました。

B2 adjective /praɪm/

prime

最優先, 重要な

Meaning

Of the best quality; most important; peak condition.

Example

She is in the prime of her career.

彼女はキャリアの最良の時期にいます。

B1 noun /prəˈduː.sər/

Producer

プロデューサー

Meaning

a person who supervises the making of a film, play, or broadcast program; someone who creates or manufactures goods

Example

The film producer invested millions in the new movie project.

映画のプロデューサーは新しい映画プロジェクトに何百万ドルも投資しました。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

インコ

Meaning

a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet

Example

The green parakeet learned to say hello.

緑色のインコはこんにちはを言うことを学びました。

A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

適切な

Meaning

conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality

Example

He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.

彼は面接のために適切な服を着ることを確認しました。

C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

予備的にする

Meaning

To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.

Example

His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.

彼の遺伝子は、彼が糖尿病になる可能性を高めるかもしれません。

B2 adjective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

prospective

将来性のある

Meaning

likely or expected to happen in the future; potential

Example

The company is meeting with prospective clients next week.

その会社は来週、将来性のあるクライアントと会う予定です。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrtnəs/

pertness

生意気

Meaning

boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness

Example

Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.

会議中の彼女の生意気さは、みんなを驚かせた。

C1 noun, verb /pliːt/

pleat

プリーツ

Meaning

a fold in fabric made by doubling the material back upon itself

Example

She added a pleat to the skirt for extra volume.

彼女はスカートにボリュームを加えるためにプリーツを入れました。

B2 noun ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd

pesticide

農薬

Meaning

A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.

畑に撒かれた農薬は有害な昆虫を殺しました。

C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

教育学

Meaning

The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.

Example

Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.

現代の教育学は学生中心の学習に焦点を当てています。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

世論調査員

Meaning

a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion

Example

The pollster predicted a close election outcome.

世論調査員は接戦の選挙結果を予測しました。

B2 noun /pəˈtɪʃən/

petition

請願書

Meaning

a formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority about a cause

Example

They signed a petition to improve road safety in the area.

彼らはその地域の道路安全を改善するために請願書に署名しました。

B2 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən

precision

精度

Meaning

The quality of being exact and accurate.

Example

High precision instruments are used in surgery.

手術には高精度の機器が使用されます。

A2 verb /pæs/

pass

Meaning

to move past or beyond something

Example

He passed the test with flying colors.

C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

精密農業

Meaning

The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.

Example

Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.

精密農業は資源の使用を最適化し、効率を向上させます。

B1 noun /ˈpælɪs/

palace

宮殿

Meaning

a large and impressive building that is the official home of a king, queen, or other ruler

Example

The royal family lives in a magnificent palace.

王室は素晴らしい宮殿に住んでいます。

B2 noun /ˈprɪv.ə.lɪdʒ/

Privilege

特権

Meaning

a special right or advantage that only one person or group has

Example

It's a privilege to work with such talented people.

才能ある人々と一緒に働けることは特権です。

A1 noun /ˈpɑːti/

party

パーティー

Meaning

a social gathering of people, typically for entertainment

Example

We had a great time at the birthday party.

私たちは誕生日パーティーで素晴らしい時間を過ごしました。

C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

前兆

Meaning

Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.

Example

The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.

蒸気機関車は現代の列車の前兆でした。

C2 noun /ˌprɛsiˈɒsɪti/

preciosity

過度の洗練

Meaning

Excessive refinement or affected elegance in language, style, or behavior.

Example

The author's preciosity made the novel difficult to read for some audiences.

著者の過度の洗練は、いくつかの読者にとって小説を読みづらくしました。

B2 noun /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

probation

試用期間

Meaning

a period of testing or supervision, especially for offenders or new employees

Example

He was placed on probation for six months.

彼は6か月の試用期間を与えられました。

C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

原告

Meaning

a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit

Example

The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.

原告は会社に対して訴訟を起こした。

C2 adjective /ˈpɔːrtli/

portly

ぽっちゃり

Meaning

Having a stout or somewhat fat body, often implying dignity or authority.

Example

The portly man entered the room with confidence.

ぽっちゃりな男性は自信を持って部屋に入った。

A2 noun /ˈpiːˈsi/

pc

パーソナルコンピュータ

Meaning

abbreviation for 'personal computer', a machine for performing digital operations

Example

I just bought a new PC for work.

私は仕事のために新しいパーソナルコンピュータを買いました。

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

アヘンを含む薬

Meaning

a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea

Example

Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.

医師はかつて子供の下痢を治療するためにパレゴリックを処方していた。

C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

音声的な

Meaning

relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation

Example

The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.

先生は生徒たちに難しい単語の音声的な綴りを教えました。

C2 noun /ˈpeɪpəsi/

papacy

教皇職

Meaning

The office or authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.

Example

The papacy played a significant role in medieval European politics.

教皇職は中世ヨーロッパの政治で重要な役割を果たした。

B1 noun /ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən/

preparation

準備

Meaning

The act of getting ready or making arrangements for something.

Example

The team made careful preparation for the presentation.

チームはプレゼンテーションのために慎重に準備をしました。

C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

土壌学

Meaning

The study of soils in their natural environment.

Example

Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.

ペドロジーは科学者が土壌の肥沃さを理解するのに役立ちます。

B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

注ぐ

Meaning

to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily

Example

Please pour the water into the glass carefully.

水をグラスに慎重に注いでください。

B2 noun ˌpʌŋkˈtʃʊəlɪti

punctuality

時間厳守

Meaning

The quality of being on time; the habit of arriving or doing things at the agreed or proper time.

Example

Punctuality is a valued trait in professional settings.

時間厳守はプロフェッショナルな環境で重要な特性です。

B1 adverb /prɪˈsaɪs.li/

precisely

正確に

Meaning

In an exact and accurate manner, with attention to detail.

Example

The robotic arm performed the operation precisely.

ロボットアームは手術を正確に行いました。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

足病医

Meaning

a doctor specializing in foot care

Example

I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.

足首の痛みのためにポディアトリストに予約があります。

C2 adjective /prəˈvaɪzəri/

provisory

仮の

Meaning

conditional; depending on certain terms being met

Example

The arrangement was only provisory until the final contract was signed.

その取り決めは、最終契約が署名されるまで仮のものでした。

C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

絶壁

Meaning

A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.

Example

The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.

ハイカーたちは絶壁の端に立ち、下の谷を見ていました。

C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

明瞭さ

Meaning

Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.

Example

The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.

彼の講義の明瞭さは、学生が複雑なトピックを理解するのを容易にしました。

C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

散歩

Meaning

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

Example

They went for a promenade along the seaside.

彼らは海辺をプロムナードしていました。

B2 noun /ˈpred.ə.ses.ər/

Predecessor

前任者

Meaning

a person who held a job or office before the current holder; something that came before another thing

Example

The new manager learned from his predecessor's mistakes.

新しいマネージャーは前任者のミスから学びました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɪv.ə.lɪdʒd/

Privileged

恵まれた

Meaning

having special advantages; favored; elite

Example

She comes from a privileged background with many opportunities.

彼女は機会に恵まれた背景を持っている。

C2 verb /prəˈpɪʃieɪt/

propitiate

なだめる

Meaning

to win or regain the favor of someone by doing something that pleases them

Example

He offered gifts to propitiate the angry gods.

彼は怒った神々をなだめるために贈り物を捧げました。

A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

pyx

聖体を入れるための小さな容器

Meaning

a small container, often used in Christian liturgy to carry the consecrated host

Example

The priest placed the consecrated host into the pyx before visiting the sick.

司祭は病人を訪れる前に聖体をピクスに入れました。

C2 noun /ˈpjuː.pɪ.lɪdʒ/

pupilage

生徒の状態

Meaning

The state of being a pupil or under instruction.

Example

During his pupilage, he studied law under a senior barrister.

彼の生徒の状態の間に、彼は上級弁護士のもとで法学を学びました。

B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/

predominantly

主に

Meaning

mainly; for the most part

Example

The population in the city is predominantly young.

その都市の人口は主に若いです。

C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

音韻論

Meaning

the study of the sound system of a language

Example

She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.

彼女は英語で音がどのように機能するかを理解するために音韻論を勉強しています。

C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

原始的な

Meaning

Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.

Example

Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.

科学者たちは生命が出現した原始的なスープを研究しています。

C2 adjective /pʌɡˈneɪʃəs/

pugnacious

好戦的な

Meaning

Having a quarrelsome or combative nature; eager to fight.

Example

His pugnacious attitude often got him into trouble.

彼の好戦的な態度はしばしば彼を困難に陥れました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪnənt/

prominent

顕著な

Meaning

Important, famous, or easily noticeable.

Example

He is a prominent leader in the community.

彼はコミュニティの中で著名なリーダーです。

C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

歪曲

Meaning

The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.

Example

The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.

政権の検閲は、自由な言論の歪曲と見なされていました。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

インフォーマルミーティング

Meaning

an informal meeting or conference to discuss something

Example

The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.

チームはプレゼンテーションの前に迅速なインフォーマルミーティングを開催しました。

A2 noun,verb /pleɪn/

plane

平面; 飛行機; 平らにする

Meaning

a flat surface; an aircraft; to make smooth

Example

The carpenter used a tool to plane the wood.

大工は木を平らにするための道具を使いました。

B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

描く

Meaning

to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature

Example

The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.

その小説は田舎での生活の生き生きとした絵を描いています。

B1 noun, verb /praɪz/

prize

賞

Meaning

something given as a reward for achievement; to value highly

Example

He won the first prize in the competition.

彼はコンペティションで一等賞を受賞した。

C1 noun /pəˈrɪfəri/

periphery

周辺

Meaning

The outer edge or boundary of an area or object.

Example

The soldiers were stationed at the periphery of the camp.

兵士たちはキャンプの周辺に配置されていた。

A1 noun ˈpɛrənts

Parents

親

Meaning

One's father and mother.

Example

The family tree starts with the child's parents.

家系図は子供の親から始まります。

B1 noun /ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/

presentation

プレゼンテーション

Meaning

The manner or style in which something is given, offered, or displayed.

Example

The presentation of the new product was well received.

新しい製品のプレゼンテーションはよく受け入れられました。

C1 noun prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

profound initiative

深遠なイニシアティブ

Meaning

A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.

Example

A profound initiative can create sustainable changes.

深遠なイニシアティブは持続可能な変化を生み出すことができます。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/

pensive

物思いにふけった

Meaning

Engaged in deep or serious thought.

Example

She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.

彼女は窓の外を見ながら物思いにふけっているようだった。

B2 noun pɛsts

pests

害虫, 害を及ぼす動物

Meaning

Harmful or troublesome creatures, especially insects or small animals that damage crops, food, or living spaces.

Example

Pests can damage crops and cause diseases.

害虫は作物を損傷し、病気を引き起こす可能性があります。

A1 noun /ˈfəʊtəʊ/

photo

写真

Meaning

a picture or image captured by a camera

Example

I took a photo of the sunset.

私は夕日の写真を撮った。

B2 noun /prəˈpɔːʃən/

proportion

Meaning

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole

Example

The proportion of students passing the exam was high.

A2 adjective /ˈpiːs.fəl/

Peaceful

平和

Meaning

free from disturbance; calm and quiet; not involving war or violence

Example

The garden is a peaceful place to relax.

庭はリラックスするための平和な場所です。

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

傾向

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

彼女は珍しい本を集める傾向がある。

C2 noun /ˈpɛrɪstaɪl/

peristyle

柱で囲まれた回廊

Meaning

A continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or courtyard.

Example

The Roman villa featured a beautiful peristyle garden.

ローマの別荘には美しいペリスタイル庭園がありました。

C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

先駆的なミッション

Meaning

A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.

Example

Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.

アルテミスは宇宙探査における先駆的なミッションです。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒsəfə/

philosopher

哲学者

Meaning

a person engaged in the study of philosophy or in serious thinking about fundamental questions

Example

Socrates was a famous philosopher of ancient Greece.

ソクラテスは古代ギリシャの有名な哲学者でした。

B1 adverb /praɪˈmɛrɪli/

primarily

主に

Meaning

for the most part; mainly

Example

She is primarily responsible for managing the finances.

彼女は主に財務の管理を担当しています。

C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

排除する

Meaning

To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.

Example

Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.

大雨がピクニックの可能性を排除した。

C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

推定

Meaning

Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.

Example

She is the presumptive nominee for the party.

彼女はその党の推定候補者です。

C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

捕食者/搾取者

Meaning

Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.

Example

The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.

捕食性の鳥は獲物に向かって急降下した。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

チャンピオン決定戦

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

チームは強いシーズン後にプレーオフに進出しました。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

実用主義

Meaning

A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.

Example

His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.

彼の実用主義は、金融危機の解決に役立った。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/

partnership

パートナーシップ

Meaning

the state of being a partner or a group of partners

Example

Our partnership has helped both companies grow.

私たちのパートナーシップは、両社の成長に役立ちました。

C2 noun /prɪˈsɛʃən/

precession

歳差

Meaning

The slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis, often referring to Earth's rotation.

Example

Astronomers study the precession of the equinoxes.

天文学者は春分点の歳差を研究しています。

B2 verb /poʊk/

poke

突く

Meaning

to push or prod with a finger or pointed object

Example

Don't poke me with your finger.

指で突っつかないで。

A2 noun /ˈpleɪər/

player

選手

Meaning

a person who participates in a game or sport

Example

The player scored the winning goal.

選手は決勝ゴールを決めました。

B2 noun /pledʒ/

Pledge

誓約; 約束; 保証;

Meaning

a solemn promise or undertaking; something given as security for a loan; a commitment or guarantee

Example

He made a pledge to donate money to charity.

彼はチャリティーにお金を寄付する誓約をした。

C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

Meaning

a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information

Example

He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.

B2 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

psychological

心理学的

Meaning

relating to the mind or mental processes.

Example

She studied the psychological effects of trauma on children.

彼女は子供たちへのトラウマの心理学的影響を研究した。

A2 noun ˈpaʊ.ər

power

力

Meaning

The ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way; authority.

Example

Power distribution ensures efficiency.

力の配分は効率を保証する。