C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

偏見

Meaning

an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person

Example

The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.

裁判官は事件で偏見を示したとして批判されました。

B2 noun prəʊb

probe

探査機

Meaning

An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.

Example

The probe collected data from the planet's surface.

そのプローブは惑星の表面からデータを収集しました。

C1 adjective /pæˈseɪ/

passe

時代遅れの; 流行遅れ

Meaning

no longer fashionable or current; out of date

Example

Some trends from last decade feel utterly passé now.

昨今のトレンドのいくつかは今や完全に時代遅れに見える。

B2 noun /prəˈmoʊ.tər/

promoter

プロモーター

Meaning

A person or organization that helps to organize or finance an event, business, or product launch.

Example

The promoter organized a concert for the new band.

プロモーターは新しいバンドのためにコンサートを組織しました。

C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

異教徒

Meaning

a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen

Example

Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.

古代ローマ人は初期のキリスト教徒を異教徒だとみなしていた。

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

入門書, 下塗り

Meaning

A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.

Example

He read a primer on programming before starting his course.

彼はコースを始める前にプログラミングの入門書を読みました。

B2 noun /ˈprɪv.ə.lɪdʒ/

Privilege

特権

Meaning

a special right or advantage that only one person or group has

Example

It's a privilege to work with such talented people.

才能ある人々と一緒に働けることは特権です。

C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪti/

polity

政治、政府の形態

Meaning

an organized society or form of government

Example

The ancient Greek polity had a system of city-states.

古代ギリシャの政治は都市国家のシステムを持っていました。

C2 noun /ˈfærɪsiː/

pharisee

偽善者

Meaning

A member of an ancient Jewish sect; by extension, a self-righteous or hypocritical person.

Example

He acted like a pharisee, judging others while ignoring his own faults.

彼はファリサイ人のように振る舞い、他の人々を裁きながら自分の欠点を無視していました。

A2 noun /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/

possibility

可能性

Meaning

something that may happen or be the case; a chance that something exists or might occur

Example

There is a strong possibility of rain tomorrow.

明日は雨の強い可能性があります。

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

汚染する

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

工場は有害な化学物質で環境を汚染します。

C2 noun /ˈplænɪsfɪr/

planisphere

星図盤

Meaning

a rotating star chart used to display the visible stars for any time and date

Example

The astronomer used a planisphere to identify the constellations.

天文学者は星座を識別するために星図盤を使用しました。

C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

教育的

Meaning

Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.

Example

The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.

学校は学習を改善するために新しい教育的技術を採用しました。

A1 noun /piːˈɛm/

pm

Meaning

abbreviation for post meridiem; after midday

Example

The meeting is scheduled at 3 pm.

B1 noun prəˈtek.ʃən

protection

保護

Meaning

The action of protecting someone or something, or the state of being protected.

Example

The movement focused on the protection of rights.

運動は権利の保護に集中しました。

C2 verb /ˈpɜː.fə.reɪt/

perforate

穴を開ける

Meaning

to make a hole or holes through something

Example

The machine can perforate sheets of paper for easy tearing.

その機械は紙を簡単に引き裂くために穴を開けることができます。

C1 adjective /ˈplaɪənt/

pliant

柔軟な、影響を受けやすいまたは適応可能な

Meaning

flexible; easily influenced or adaptable

Example

She has a pliant personality that adapts well to new situations.

彼女は新しい状況にうまく適応できる柔軟な性格を持っています。

C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

有害な, 致命的な

Meaning

Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.

Example

The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.

喫煙の有害な影響は十分に記録されています。

C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

収益性

Meaning

The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.

Example

Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.

販売の増加とコスト削減により収益性が向上しました。

B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

物理学

Meaning

the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them

Example

She decided to major in physics at the university.

彼女は大学で物理学を専攻することに決めました。

B1 verb /pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/

postpone

延期する

Meaning

to delay something to a later time

Example

The meeting was postponed until next week.

会議は来週に延期されました。

C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

ポリガミー

Meaning

the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time

Example

Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.

ポリガミーは世界の多くの国で違法です。

C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

浄化する

Meaning

To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.

Example

The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.

新しいリーダーは政府から腐敗を一掃することを約束しました。

C2 noun /prəˈpɪŋkwɪti/

propinquity

近接

Meaning

the state of being close to someone or something; proximity

Example

The propinquity of their houses made them close friends.

彼らの家の近接は、彼らを親しい友人にした。

B2 noun /ˈprɑsɪˌkjuːtər/

prosecutor

検察官

Meaning

a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases

Example

The prosecutor argued that the defendant was guilty of the crime.

検察官は被告が犯罪を犯したと主張した。

B2 noun /paʊtʃ/

pouch

ポーチ

Meaning

a small bag or pocket, often used to carry small items

Example

She kept her coins in a small leather pouch.

彼女は小さな革のポーチにコインを入れていました。

B2 noun /ˈprɒvɪns/

province

省

Meaning

a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.

Example

The province is known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes.

その省は豊かな文化遺産と素晴らしい自然景観で知られています。

B1 adjective pəˈlɪtɪkəl

political

政治的な

Meaning

Relating to the government or public affairs of a country; relating to politics or political parties.

Example

The political agenda included autonomy.

政治的な議題には自治が含まれていた。

C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

臆病な

Meaning

showing a lack of courage or determination; timid

Example

The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.

臆病なリーダーは難しい決断を避けていた。

C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

禁止する

Meaning

to forbid something by law or authority

Example

The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.

新しい法律は農業で有害な化学物質の使用を禁止します。

B2 verb /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/

purify

浄化する

Meaning

to make clean or pure; to remove impurities

Example

This filter will purify the water effectively.

このフィルターは水を効果的に浄化します。

C2 noun /ˈpɜr.kwɪ.zɪt/

Perquisite

特典

Meaning

an additional benefit or privilege given to an employee beyond their regular salary; a special right or advantage

Example

Company car was one of the perquisites of his executive position.

会社の車は彼の役員職の特典のひとつだった。

C2 noun, adjective /pəˈtrɪʃən/

patrician

貴族

Meaning

A person of noble rank or high social standing; relating to aristocracy.

Example

The patrician families of Rome wielded great power in politics.

ローマの貴族の家族は政治で大きな力を持っていた。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

Meaning

A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.

Example

After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

魅力的

Meaning

having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly

Example

The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.

新しい先生はとても魅力的で話しやすいです。

C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/

palatable

美味しい

Meaning

pleasant or acceptable to the taste, mind, or feelings

Example

The meal was simple but quite palatable.

その食事はシンプルでしたが、かなり美味しかったです。

A2 noun /prɪns/

prince

王子

Meaning

a male member of a royal family, especially the son of a king or queen; a ruler of a principality

Example

The prince addressed the nation on his birthday.

王子は誕生日に国民に演説しました。

B1 noun /ˈproʊɡræmɪŋ/

programing

プログラミング

Meaning

the process of writing computer code to create software or applications

Example

He spends most of his time learning computer programming.

彼はコンピュータープログラミングを学ぶのにほとんどの時間を費やしています。

B1 noun /pɜːrs/

purse

財布

Meaning

a small bag used by women to carry money and personal items

Example

She kept her wallet in her purse.

彼女は財布をバッグに入れました。

B2 noun ˈprɒs.pekt

prospect

見込み

Meaning

The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.

Example

The project's success holds great prospect for the economy.

プロジェクトの成功は経済にとって大きな見込みを持っています。

B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

序文

Meaning

an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work

Example

The author explained his motivation in the preface.

著者は序文で自分の動機を説明しました。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

永続的

Meaning

lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually

Example

Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.

気候変動は科学者にとって永続的な関心事です。

B2 noun /ˈpɛzənt/

peasant

農民

Meaning

a poor farmer or agricultural laborer who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation

Example

The peasant worked hard in the fields from dawn to dusk.

その農民は夜明けから日暮れまで畑で一生懸命働いていました。

C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

巧妙な策略

Meaning

a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage

Example

She used a clever ploy to win the debate.

彼女は討論に勝つために巧妙な策略を使いました。

B2 noun prəˈɡreʃ.ən

progression

進展

Meaning

The process of developing or moving gradually towards a more advanced state.

Example

Progression in technology drives innovation.

技術の進展はイノベーションを促進する。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

世論調査員

Meaning

a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion

Example

The pollster predicted a close election outcome.

世論調査員は接戦の選挙結果を予測しました。

C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

予感

Meaning

An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.

Example

He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.

彼は計画が失敗するという強い予感を持っていた。

C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

分娩

Meaning

The act of giving birth; childbirth.

Example

The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.

医者は学生たちに分娩の段階を説明しました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɜːˌblaɪnd/

purblind

盲目または無知

Meaning

Having impaired or defective vision; lacking insight or understanding.

Example

The purblind approach to the problem led to many mistakes.

問題に対する盲目的なアプローチは多くの間違いを招いた。

C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

フィランソロピー

Meaning

the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes

Example

Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.

フィランソロピーは多くの発展途上国で医療を改善するのに役立っています。

C1 verb /priːn/

preen

身だしなみを整える

Meaning

To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.

Example

She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.

彼女はパーティーに出かける前に鏡の前で身だしなみを整えていた。

C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

幸福

Meaning

easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible

Example

There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.

賞を受け取ったとき、彼女はその幸福感を隠せなかった。

C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

馬鹿げた, 不合理な

Meaning

completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense

Example

The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.

豚が飛ぶことができるという考えは馬鹿げている。

A1 noun /plæn/

plan

計画

Meaning

A detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.

Example

A good plan keeps you focused.

良い計画はあなたを集中させます。

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

奇妙に; 異常に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

彼女はフォーマルディナーのために、明るい色と珍しい柄の服を着て、特異な方法でドレスアップしました。

A2 adverb /ˈprɒb.ə.bli/

Probably

おそらく

Meaning

almost certainly; very likely; in all likelihood

Example

He will probably arrive late tonight.

彼はおそらく今夜遅れて到着するでしょう。

C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

愛人

Meaning

a lover, especially an illicit one

Example

The secret paramour was finally revealed.

秘密の愛人はついに明らかにされました。

C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

美しさ

Meaning

physical beauty

Example

The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.

その女優は美しさと才能で賞賛されました。

C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

延長する

Meaning

To prolong or extend in time or duration.

Example

Negotiations were protracted for several months.

交渉は数ヶ月間延長されました。

A2 verb,noun /pæk/

pack

Meaning

to put things into a container for storage or transport; a collection of items kept together

Example

She packed her clothes into a suitcase for the trip.

C2 noun /ˌpæliˈeɪʃən/

palliation

緩和

Meaning

relief of symptoms without curing the underlying disease or problem

Example

Palliation is often the focus of care for terminally ill patients.

緩和ケアは終末期の患者の治療において重要な焦点となります。

C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

父性

Meaning

The state of being someone's father.

Example

He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.

彼は子供との関係を確認するために、父性検査を要求しました。

A2 adjective /praʊd/

Proud

誇り

Meaning

feeling deep pleasure from one's achievements; having high self-respect

Example

She was proud of her daughter's academic achievements.

彼女は娘の学業成就に誇りを持っていました。

C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

美人コンテスト

Meaning

A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.

Example

She won first place in the beauty pageant.

彼女は美人コンテストで一位を獲得しました

B2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃən/

prohibition

禁止

Meaning

The act of forbidding something by law or authority.

Example

The government announced the prohibition of smoking in public places.

政府は公共の場での喫煙禁止を発表した。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

チャンピオン決定戦

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

チームは強いシーズン後にプレーオフに進出しました。

B1 noun /ˈplæt.fɔːm/

platform

プラットフォーム

Meaning

A raised level surface on which people or things can stand.

Example

The platform was used to discuss collaboration.

そのプラットフォームは協力について議論するために使用されました。

A1 verb pleɪ

play

役割を果たす

Meaning

To have a role or function in a situation; to contribute to something.

Example

Artemis will play a crucial role in Mars exploration.

アルテミスは火星探査で重要な役割を果たすだろう。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

浸透する, 広がる, 充満する

Meaning

Spread throughout (something); pervade.

Example

The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.

新鮮な花の香りが部屋中に広がった。

B2 noun /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

Purity

純粋さ; 清潔さ; 汚染からの自由

Meaning

the state of being pure; cleanness or freedom from contamination

Example

The purity of the mountain water was remarkable.

山の水の純粋さは注目に値しました。

C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

予防する

Meaning

To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.

Example

The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.

政府は迅速に行動し、金融危機を防ぎました。

C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

詳細に述べる

Meaning

to mention or describe something in detail

Example

The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.

証人はその夜の出来事を詳細に説明するように求められました。

B2 adjective /ˌpeɪ.triˈɑː.tɪk/

Patriotic

愛国的な

Meaning

showing love for one's country

Example

The patriotic citizens celebrated Independence Day with great enthusiasm.

愛国的な市民たちは独立記念日を大きな熱意で祝いました。

C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

頑固な

Meaning

holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent

Example

The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.

頑固な弁護士は事件を諦めることを拒否しました。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪsmənt/

placement

配置または割り当て

Meaning

the act of putting something or someone in a particular position or job

Example

The company arranged job placement for the graduates.

会社は卒業生のために就職先を手配しました。

C1 verb /ˈpætər/

patter

繰り返される軽いタップ音を立てる / 機械的に素早く話す

Meaning

to make a repeated light tapping sound; to talk quickly in a rehearsed or mechanical way

Example

Rain pattered softly on the window.

雨は窓に静かにパタパタと音を立てていた。

B1 verb /prəˈnaʊns/

pronounce

発音する

Meaning

to say words correctly; to declare officially

Example

She can pronounce French words perfectly.

彼女はフランス語の単語を完璧に発音できます。

B1 noun /ˈprɛɡnənsi/

pregnancy

妊娠

Meaning

the condition of being pregnant; the period during which a woman carries a developing fetus

Example

Her pregnancy was carefully monitored by her doctor.

彼女の妊娠は慎重に医師によって監視されていました。

B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

保存

Meaning

The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.

Example

Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.

適切な保存は機械の寿命を延ばします。

B2 adjective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

prospective

将来性のある

Meaning

likely or expected to happen in the future; potential

Example

The company is meeting with prospective clients next week.

その会社は来週、将来性のあるクライアントと会う予定です。

C2 noun /ˌpraɪmoʊˈdʒɛnɪtʃər/

primogeniture

長子継承権

Meaning

The right of the firstborn child to inherit the family estate or title.

Example

Under primogeniture, the eldest son inherited the entire estate.

長子継承権の下、長男は家族全体の財産を相続しました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

賢明な、慎重な

Meaning

shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters

Example

It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.

論争中に沈黙を守るのは賢明な判断だった。

C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

ピグメンテーション

Meaning

The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.

Example

Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.

過度の摩擦はピグメンテーションの問題を引き起こす可能性があります。

C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

遺産

Meaning

Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.

Example

The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.

その城は彼の貴族の先祖から受け継いだ遺産の一部でした。

B2 verb /poʊz/

pose

幸せ

Meaning

To assume a particular position, especially for a photograph or display; to present a problem or question.

Example

She posed for a picture in front of the monument.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

無慈悲

Meaning

showing no pity or compassion; cruel

Example

The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.

無慈悲な支配者は自分の民の苦しみを無視した。

C2 noun /ˈpɒmfrɪt/

Pomfret

マナガツオ

Meaning

A deep-bodied marine fish with silvery scales, popular in Asian cuisine

Example

The restaurant serves delicious pomfret curry with rice.

レストランはご飯と一緒に美味しいマナガツオカレーを提供します。

C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

分極された

Meaning

divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions

Example

The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.

その議論は気候変動問題についてコミュニティを分裂させました。

B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

熟練した

Meaning

Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.

Example

She is highly proficient in multiple languages.

彼女は多言語に非常に熟練しています。

B1 noun /ˈproʊtiːn/

protein

Meaning

a molecule composed of amino acids essential for bodily functions

Example

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.

B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz

pesticides

農薬

Meaning

Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.

過剰な農薬の使用は環境に害を及ぼす可能性があります。

C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

平和主義者

Meaning

a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence

Example

She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.

彼女は武力紛争に反対する活動を行っている熱心な平和主義者です。

C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

プラトニック

Meaning

relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual

Example

They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.

彼らは長年続いているプラトニックな友情を持っています。

C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

極性

Meaning

the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects

Example

The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.

二つの政治党派の間の極性は強くなりつつあります。

C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

優遇

Meaning

showing or giving advantage to one over others

Example

Members receive preferential treatment at the club.

メンバーはクラブで優遇されます。

B2 noun /ˈpraɪ.vət ˈtuː.tər/

Private tutor

プライベートチューター

Meaning

a teacher who gives individual instruction to a student outside of regular school

Example

The private tutor helped the student improve his math skills.

プライベートチューターは、学生が数学スキルを向上させるのを手伝いました。

C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

詩学、詩の理論

Meaning

the study or theory of poetry and its principles

Example

He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.

彼は詩の技法を説明するポエティクスに関する本を書きました。

C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

傾向

Meaning

A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.

Example

She has a proclivity for learning new languages.

彼女は新しい言語を学ぶ傾向があります。

B1 noun /prɪnt/

Print

印刷; マーク; 足跡;

Meaning

words, letters, or pictures produced on paper using a machine; a mark made by pressing something onto a surface

Example

The book is available in both digital and print versions.

その本はデジタル版と印刷版の両方で利用可能です。

C1 noun prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt

predicament

苦境

Meaning

A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.

Example

Losing both jobs put him in a financial predicament.

両方の仕事を失ったことで、彼は経済的な苦境に陥った。

A2 noun /ˈpoʊst ˌɒfɪs/

post office

郵便局

Meaning

a public building or agency where mail is sent, received, and other postal services are provided

Example

I went to the post office to mail a package.

私は荷物を送るために郵便局へ行きました。

B2 noun /ˈpes.ə.mɪst/

Pessimist

悲観主義者

Meaning

a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; someone who lacks hope or confidence in the future

Example

Being a pessimist, he always expected the worst outcome.

悲観主義者として、彼はいつも最悪の結果を期待していました。

C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

簡単に説得できる

Meaning

capable of being convinced or influenced to do something

Example

She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.

彼女は新しい食べ物を試すとき、簡単に説得されました。

C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

辛味

Meaning

The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.

Example

The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.

ニンニクの辛味がキッチンに充満した。

C2 noun ˈpær.ə.ɡən

paragon

模範

Meaning

A person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality; a model of excellence.

Example

Neom is a paragon of sustainable urban design.

ネオムは持続可能な都市設計の模範です。

C2 verb /ˈpɒntɪfɪkeɪt/

pontificate

傲慢または教義的な方法で話すまたは行動する; 教皇として務める

Meaning

to speak or act in a pompous or dogmatic way; to officiate as a pontiff

Example

He pontificated on the importance of education for over an hour.

彼は1時間以上にわたり教育の重要性について傲慢に話しました。

C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

可塑性、適応能力

Meaning

the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability

Example

The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.

脳の可塑性により、怪我の後に適応することができます。

C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ə.dʒɪ.nɪst/

philogynist

女性を愛する人

Meaning

a person who loves or admires women

Example

As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education.

有名なフィロジニストとして、彼は女性の教育を支持しました。

B2 noun /ˈpæn.ɪk/

Panic

パニック

Meaning

sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety; a state of widespread fear and anxiety

Example

The fire alarm caused panic among the students.

火災警報が学生たちの間にパニックを引き起こしました。

C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

無秩序に

Meaning

In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.

Example

The children ran pell-mell through the playground.

子供たちは遊び場を無秩序に走り回った。

A2 noun /pæn/

Pan

フライパン

Meaning

a wide, flat-bottomed cooking utensil used for frying, searing, and browning foods

Example

Heat the oil in a large pan before adding the vegetables.

油を大きなフライパンで熱してから、野菜を加えます。

C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

振り子

Meaning

A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.

Example

The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.

振り子は時計の中で前後に揺れていた。

C1 adjective /pəˈroʊkiəl/

parochial

狭い

Meaning

Having a limited or narrow outlook; relating to a parish.

Example

His parochial view prevented him from understanding global issues.

彼の狭い視点は、彼が世界的な問題を理解するのを妨げました。

C2 noun /pɜːr bɔɪld raɪs/

Per boiled rice

パーボイルドライス

Meaning

Rice that has been partially boiled in the husk before milling; parboiled rice

Example

Per boiled rice retains more nutrients than regular white rice.

パーボイルドライスは通常の白い米よりも多くの栄養素を保持します。

C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

全体の

Meaning

complete in every way; fully attended or absolute

Example

The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.

委員会はすべての重要な問題について議論するために全体会議を開いた。

C1 noun /ˈprɒvənəns/

provenance

出所

Meaning

The origin or source of something.

Example

The museum verified the provenance of the ancient manuscript.

博物館は古代の写本の出所を確認しました。

C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

明瞭さ

Meaning

Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.

Example

The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.

彼の講義の明瞭さは、学生が複雑なトピックを理解するのを容易にしました。

C1 verb/noun /pərˈvɜːrt/

pervert

Meaning

As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.

Example

He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.

C1 noun /pəˈrɪfəri/

periphery

周辺

Meaning

The outer edge or boundary of an area or object.

Example

The soldiers were stationed at the periphery of the camp.

兵士たちはキャンプの周辺に配置されていた。

C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

担保として何かを譲渡された人物

Meaning

a person to whom something is pledged or given as security

Example

The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.

銀行はローンが返済されるまで担保の債権者です。