outlook
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B2 noun /ˈaʊtlʊk/

outlook

展望, 予測
Meaning
a person's general attitude or view; a forecast or prospect
Example
The economic outlook for the year is positive.
今年の経済の展望は前向きです。
B2 noun ˌdiː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

deforestation

森林伐採
Meaning
The action of clearing a wide area of trees; the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.
Example
Deforestation accelerates the loss of biodiversity.
森林伐採は生物多様性の喪失を加速させます。
B1 adjective /rɪˈpiː.tɪd/

Repeated

繰り返しの; 多くの回発生する
Meaning
done again; happening again; occurring multiple times
Example
He made repeated attempts to contact her.
彼は何度も彼女に連絡を試みました。
C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

アラビアジャスミン
Meaning
A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies
Example
The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.
アラビアジャスミンはその甘い香りで庭を満たしました。
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒuː.vɪ.neɪt/

rejuvenate

再生する
Meaning
To make or feel young, healthy, or energetic again.
Example
A vacation can rejuvenate the mind and body.
休暇は心と体を再生させることができます。
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

用語集
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
教科書の最後には技術的な用語を定義するための役立つ用語集があります。
B1 noun /ˈfeɪ.ljər/

Failure

失敗
Meaning
lack of success; an unsuccessful person, enterprise, or thing
Example
The project's failure was due to poor planning and communication.
プロジェクトの失敗は、計画とコミュニケーションの不備によるものでした。
B2 noun /dʒɜːrk/

Jerk

揺れ; 衝撃; バカ者
Meaning
a quick, sharp, sudden movement; an abrupt pull or twist; a foolish person
Example
The sudden jerk of the train caused passengers to lose their balance momentarily.
電車の突然の揺れで乗客は一瞬バランスを失いました。
B2 noun /biːd/

Bead

ビーズ
Meaning
a small round object with a hole through it for threading
Example
She made a necklace with colorful beads.
彼女はカラフルなビーズでネックレスを作った。
B1 adjective /ˌɛdjuˈkeɪʃənl/

educational

教育的な
Meaning
Relating to the provision of education or having an educative effect.
Example
The journey was an educational experience.
その旅行は教育的な経験でした。
C2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/

alienable

譲渡可能
Meaning
Able to be transferred or surrendered, usually referring to rights or property.
Example
Property rights are alienable and can be sold or transferred.
財産権は譲渡可能で、売却または転送できます。
B1 verb /skrætʃ/

scratch

幸せ
Meaning
to rub a surface or skin with something sharp or rough, often to relieve itching
Example
The cat scratched the door to be let in.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

安物の作品
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
その小説は批評家によってただの安物の作品だと退けられた。
C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

信仰心
Meaning
the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice
Example
His piety was evident in his daily prayers.
彼の信仰心は毎日の祈りに明らかでした。
B2 adjective /ˈbʌmpi/

Bumpy

でこぼこした; ざらざらした
Meaning
having an uneven surface; rough; jolting
Example
The bumpy road made the car ride very uncomfortable.
でこぼこした道で車の乗り心地はとても不快だった。
C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

島国性
Meaning
The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.
Example
The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.
グループの島国性は新しいアイデアを受け入れることを妨げた。
B2 noun /ˈbʌn.dəl/

Bundle

束; バンドル
Meaning
a collection of things or quantity of material tied or wrapped up together
Example
The mailman delivered a bundle of letters to our house.
郵便配達員は家に手紙の束を届けました。
B2 noun /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outskirts

都市の郊外
Meaning
The outer parts of a town or city, away from the center.
Example
They moved to the outskirts of the city for a quieter life.
彼らは静かな生活を求めて都市の郊外に引っ越しました。
A1 noun /ˈsʌn.deɪ/

sunday

日曜日
Meaning
The day of the week between Saturday and Monday; often considered a day of rest or worship.
Example
We usually relax at home on Sunday.
私たちは通常、日曜日は家でゆっくりします。
B2 noun /dʒɜːm/

germ

細菌
Meaning
a microscopic organism, especially one that causes disease
Example
Washing your hands helps prevent the spread of germs.
手を洗うことは細菌の広がりを防ぐのに役立ちます。
C2 noun /ˈmeɪsə/

mesa

メサ
Meaning
An isolated flat-topped hill with steep sides, found in arid regions.
Example
The hikers stopped to admire the mesa rising above the desert floor.
ハイカーたちは砂漠の床から突き出たメサを賞賛するために立ち寄りました。
C2 noun /ˈæmɪti/

amity

友情
Meaning
A friendly relationship between people or countries.
Example
The treaty helped maintain amity between the neighboring nations.
条約は隣国間の友情を維持するのに役立ちました。
C2 adjective /ˈmiː.di.əl/

medial

内側
Meaning
Situated in or pertaining to the middle; located toward the midline of the body or structure.
Example
The medial side of the knee is more prone to injury.
膝の内側は怪我をしやすい。
C2 noun /ˈtruːɪzəm/

truism

自明の理
Meaning
a statement that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting
Example
It is a truism that hard work leads to success.
努力は成功に繋がるという自明の理です。
B2 adjective ˈhæzədəs

hazardous

危険な
Meaning
Dangerous, risky, or potentially harmful
Example
Hazardous pollutants increase health risks.
危険な汚染物質は健康リスクを増加させます。
C2 noun /ˈθɛspiən/

thespian

俳優
Meaning
An actor or actress; relating to drama or theater.
Example
The festival was filled with talented thespians from across the country.
フェスティバルは、国内各地から集まった才能豊かな俳優たちで満たされていました。
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

ふるい
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
彼女はパスタをこすためにふるいを使いました。
C2 adjective /dɪsˈpɛptɪk/

dyspeptic

消化不良, イライラした
Meaning
Relating to indigestion or having a gloomy or irritable disposition.
Example
After the heavy meal, he felt dyspeptic and uncomfortable.
重い食事の後、彼は消化不良で不快に感じました。
C2 verb /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

gainsay

反論する
Meaning
To deny, contradict, or speak against.
Example
No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
裁判所で提出された証拠を誰も反論できなかった。
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

先祖
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
研究者たちはその習慣が共通の先祖に遡ることを追跡しました。
C1 verb /per/

pare

皮をむく
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
彼女はリンゴを食べる前に皮をむいた。
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。
C1 noun /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/

Paralysis

麻痺
Meaning
the loss of the ability to move part or all of the body; complete inability to act or function
Example
The accident left him with paralysis in his legs.
事故は彼に足の麻痺を残した。
C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

装飾的縁 / 端
Meaning
A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.
Example
The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.
フェスティバルには小さな独立したパフォーマンスの端がありました。
C1 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪə/

paranoia

人々があなたに害を与えようとしているか、常にあなたを監視しているという非合理的で持続的な感覚
Meaning
an irrational and persistent feeling that people are 'out to get you' or are constantly watching you
Example
His constant paranoia made it hard for him to trust anyone.
彼の絶え間ないパラノイアは、誰も信じることを難しくさせていた。
A2 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡər/

Tiger

虎
Meaning
a very large solitary cat with a yellow-brown coat striped with black, native to the forests of Asia
Example
The tiger hunted silently through the jungle.
虎はジャングルを静かに歩いて狩りをしていた。
A2 noun /dɪˈskʌʃən/

discussion

議論
Meaning
The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or share ideas.
Example
The project needs more discussion before moving forward.
プロジェクトは前進する前にもっと議論が必要です。
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

美人コンテスト
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
彼女は美人コンテストで一位を獲得しました
B2 noun /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/

archeology

考古学
Meaning
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures
Example
She decided to study archeology to learn about ancient civilizations.
彼女は古代文明について学ぶために考古学を学ぶことに決めました。
C2 verb /dʒaɪb/

jibe

皮肉を言う / 一致する
Meaning
to make an insulting remark; to be in agreement or harmony with
Example
His actions did not jibe with his words.
彼の行動は彼の言葉と一致していなかった。
C2 verb /bɪˈsmɪər/

besmear

汚す
Meaning
to smear or cover with a sticky or dirty substance; to soil
Example
His clothes were besmeared with mud.
彼の服は泥で汚れていた。
A1 verb /send/

send

送る
Meaning
to cause something to go or be taken to a particular destination; to transmit
Example
I will send you an email with the details.
詳細な情報を含むメールを送ります。
C2 adjective /ˈdɛsəlˌtɔːri/

desultory

無秩序な
Meaning
lacking a clear plan, purpose, or enthusiasm
Example
His desultory conversation bored the audience.
彼の無秩序な会話は観客を退屈させた。
C2 noun /ˈbɒdɪs/

bodice

コルセット
Meaning
the part of a woman's dress that covers the body from the neck to the waist
Example
She wore a dress with an embroidered bodice.
彼女は刺繍が施されたコルセット付きのドレスを着ていた。
C2 verb /ɪkˈspɛktəreɪt/

expectorate

痰を吐く
Meaning
to cough up and spit out mucus from the throat or lungs
Example
The patient began to expectorate thick mucus.
患者は濃い粘液を吐き始めました。
C2 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃuˌɛr.i/

sumptuary

贅沢品の個人的な支出を制限する法律または規制に関連する
Meaning
Relating to laws or regulations intended to limit personal spending on luxury goods.
Example
In medieval Europe, sumptuary laws restricted the wearing of expensive fabrics to the nobility.
中世ヨーロッパでは、贅沢品法が高価な布地の着用を貴族に限定していました。
C2 adjective /ˈwɪznd/

wizened

しわくちゃな
Meaning
Shriveled, wrinkled, or withered, often due to age.
Example
The wizened tree stood in the field for centuries.
そのしわくちゃな木は何世代にもわたって野原に立っていた。
C2 adjective /juːˈfoʊniəs/

euphonious

耳に心地よい音
Meaning
Pleasing to the ear; having a sweet sound.
Example
The poet's euphonious language made the verse a delight to read.
詩人のユーフォニアスな言葉は詩を読む喜びに変えました。
B2 noun /wɜːrd fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

word formation

語形成
Meaning
the process by which new words are created or existing words are modified in a language
Example
Word formation helps learners understand how new vocabulary develops in English.
語形成は言語学の重要な分野です。
B2 verb /ˈælaɪ/

ally

味方
Meaning
To unite or form a connection or partnership with another person, group, or nation.
Example
The two countries decided to ally against their common enemy.
二国は共通の敵に対して連携することを決定した。
C2 noun /əˈplɒm/

aplomb

Meaning
Complete and confident self-assurance or poise.
Example
She handled the difficult questions with aplomb.
C1 noun /ˈænəɡræm/

anagram

他の単語やフレーズの文字を並べ替えて作られた単語またはフレーズ。
Meaning
A word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
Example
The word 'listen' is an anagram of 'silent'.
'listen' は 'silent' のアナグラムです。
C1 noun /bʌm/

bum

尻
Meaning
informal term for the buttocks; also a homeless or lazy person
Example
He sat on his bum all day doing nothing.
彼は一日中お尻に座って何もしなかった。
C2 noun /pɜːr bɔɪld raɪs/

Per boiled rice

パーボイルドライス
Meaning
Rice that has been partially boiled in the husk before milling; parboiled rice
Example
Per boiled rice retains more nutrients than regular white rice.
パーボイルドライスは通常の白い米よりも多くの栄養素を保持します。
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

発汗
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
激しい運動は発汗を引き起こします。
C1 noun /ˈbrɛvɪti/

brevity

Meaning
Concise and exact use of words in writing or speech.
Example
The brevity of the speech kept the audience engaged.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪpsi/

tipsy

ほろ酔い
Meaning
slightly drunk
Example
She felt tipsy after just one glass of wine.
ワインを一杯飲んだ後、彼女は少し酔った気がした。
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

固体; 実際; 目に見える; 具体的
Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
私たちは私たちの主張を支持するために具体的な証拠が必要です。
B1 adverb /ˈpriːviəsli/

previously

以前に
Meaning
at an earlier time or before now
Example
She had previously worked at a bank before starting her own business.
彼女は銀行で以前働いていたが、自分のビジネスを始める前だった。
B2 adjective /ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l/

preferable

好ましい
Meaning
more desirable or suitable; better than something else
Example
It is preferable to take the train rather than drive in heavy traffic.
渋滞時には車を運転するより、電車を利用する方が好ましい。
C2 noun /ˈænɪməlˌkjuːl/

animalcule

動物微生物
Meaning
A microscopic animal, especially a protozoan or other minute organism.
Example
The scientist observed an animalcule moving under the microscope.
科学者は顕微鏡の下で動物微生物が動いているのを観察しました。
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.i.mæθ/

polymath

博識者
Meaning
a person with knowledge of many different subjects
Example
Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath, excelling in art, science, and engineering.
レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは、芸術、科学、工学において優れた博識者でした。
B2 adjective /ˌʌnˈkɔːrdɪneɪtɪd/

uncoordinated

不器用; 協調性のない
Meaning
lacking coordination, not well-organized or clumsy in movement
Example
His movements were uncoordinated, making him prone to accidents.
彼の動きは不器用で、事故を起こしやすかった。
A2 noun /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furniture

家具
Meaning
Objects such as chairs, tables, beds, or cupboards used to make a room suitable for living or working.
Example
The living room was filled with beautiful wooden furniture.
リビングルームは美しい木製の家具でいっぱいでした。
C2 noun /ˈɪɡ.nəˌmɪn.i/

ignominy

恥辱
Meaning
Public shame, disgrace, or dishonor.
Example
He lived the rest of his life in ignominy after the scandal.
スキャンダル後、彼は生涯を恥辱の中で過ごした。
B2 noun/verb /ˈbrækɪt/

bracket

金属ブラケット
Meaning
A support attached to a wall for holding something; also, to group things together.
Example
The shelf was held up by a strong metal bracket.
棚は強い金属製のブラケットで支えられていました。
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

文明
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
古代エジプトはその優れた文明で知られています。
C2 noun /ˈkɜːrtʃɪf/

kerchief

バンダナ
Meaning
a piece of cloth worn around the head or neck
Example
She wore a red kerchief on her head.
彼女は頭に赤いバンダナを巻いていました。
B2 adjective /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/

devastating

Meaning
causing severe shock, distress, or destruction; extremely damaging or upsetting
Example
The earthquake had a devastating effect on the city.
B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

パトロールする
Meaning
to move around an area to watch or guard it
Example
The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.
警察は夜に街をパトロールして安全を確保しています。
C2 noun /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zəns/

cognizance

認識
Meaning
Awareness, knowledge, or understanding of something; conscious perception.
Example
The judge took cognizance of the new evidence.
裁判官は新しい証拠に気づいた。
C2 noun /ˈdɛkəˌɡræm/

decagram

デカグラム
Meaning
A metric unit of mass equal to ten grams.
Example
The package weighed exactly one decagram.
そのパッケージはちょうど1デカグラムの重さでした。
B2 noun /ˈpes.ə.mɪst/

Pessimist

悲観主義者
Meaning
a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; someone who lacks hope or confidence in the future
Example
Being a pessimist, he always expected the worst outcome.
悲観主義者として、彼はいつも最悪の結果を期待していました。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/

gourmet

グルメ
Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
彼らは記念日を祝うためにグルメレストランに行きました。
C2 adjective /əˈrækjələr/

oracular

神託のような
Meaning
Resembling an oracle; giving wise, mysterious, or prophetic statements
Example
Her oracular words left the audience deep in thought.
彼女の神託のような言葉は、観客を深く考えさせた。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

帰納的
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
科学者は帰納的推論を使って仮説を立てました。
B2 noun /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/

Denial

否認
Meaning
the action of declaring something to be untrue; refusal to acknowledge something
Example
His denial of involvement in the scandal was met with skepticism.
スキャンダルへの関与を否認した彼の姿勢は、疑念を持って受け止められました。
C2 adjective /pərˈsuːənt/

pursuant

に従って
Meaning
in accordance with or following something, especially a law or rule
Example
The decision was made pursuant to the regulations.
その決定は規則に従って行われました。
C1 noun ˌdaɪvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

diversification

多様化
Meaning
The practice of spreading investments across various assets or sectors to reduce risk.
Example
Diversification helps to reduce investment risk.
ダイバーシフィケーションは投資リスクを減らすのに役立ちます。
C2 adjective /ˈlæk.rɪ.moʊs/

lachrymose

涙を流す、悲しむ
Meaning
tearful or given to weeping; sad and mournful
Example
The movie's lachrymose ending left the audience in tears.
映画の悲しい結末は観客を涙で満たしました。
C2 adjective /ˈfer.əs/

ferrous

鉄を含む
Meaning
containing or consisting of iron
Example
Ferrous metals are commonly used in construction.
鉄を含む金属は建設でよく使用されます。
C2 noun /ˈænθrəsaɪt/

anthracite

硬質石炭
Meaning
A hard, shiny form of coal that burns with little smoke and a high heat value.
Example
The factory used anthracite as its primary fuel source.
工場はアンブラサイトを主な燃料源として使用していました。
C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

解散する
Meaning
To scatter or spread widely in different directions.
Example
The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
警察は群衆を解散させるために催涙ガスを使用しました。
B2 adjective /ˈhɑːrtˌbreɪkɪŋ/

Heartbreaking

胸が痛むような; 心を打つ; 哀れな
Meaning
causing overwhelming distress; very sad or disappointing
Example
The documentary showed heartbreaking scenes of children in poverty.
ドキュメンタリーは貧困の中の子供たちの胸が痛むようなシーンを見せました。
B2 noun /ˈkæbɪnət/

Cabinet

キャビネット
Meaning
a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storage
Example
The kitchen cabinet is full of dishes and utensils.
キッチンキャビネットは皿と器具でいっぱいです。
C1 verb /rɪˈdiːm/

redeem

償う
Meaning
to compensate for faults or mistakes; to exchange something for value
Example
He managed to redeem his reputation after the scandal.
彼はスキャンダル後に自分の評判を回復しました。
C2 noun /mɛnˈdæsəti/

mendacity

虚偽
Meaning
the tendency to be untruthful; dishonesty
Example
The journalist exposed the mendacity of the officials.
ジャーナリストは役人たちの虚偽を暴露しました。
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

うだるような暑さ
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
うだるような暑さで仕事が難しくなった。
A1 adjective /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/

boring

退屈
Meaning
not interesting or exciting; dull.
Example
The lecture was so boring that several students fell asleep.
講義は退屈すぎて、何人かの学生が眠ってしまった。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/

inexpedient

不適切
Meaning
Not advisable, suitable, or practical in the circumstances.
Example
It would be inexpedient to invest without proper research.
適切な調査なしで投資することは不適切です。
A2 verb /ˈwʌri/

worry

心配する
Meaning
to feel anxious or troubled about something; to be concerned
Example
Don't worry about the exam results.
試験の結果について心配しないでください。
B2 adjective /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl/

Unintentional

意図しない; 偶発的
Meaning
not done on purpose; accidental
Example
The damage to the car was unintentional.
車の損傷は意図しないものでした。
C2 adjective /ˈrævənɪŋ/

ravening

非常に空腹で貪欲
Meaning
Extremely hungry and greedy; voracious.
Example
The ravening wolves circled the camp.
空腹の狼たちはキャンプを囲んだ。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

回復中の、病気や治療から回復している
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
病院には回復中の患者のための特別な病棟があります。
C1 adjective /ˈɔː.də.bəl/

Audible

聞こえる
Meaning
able to be heard; loud enough to hear
Example
The speaker's voice was barely audible from the back of the large hall.
スピーカーの声は大きなホールの後ろからほとんど聞こえませんでした。
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɑːlv/

involve

関与する
Meaning
to include as a necessary part, or to engage someone in an activity
Example
The project will involve several departments working together.
このプロジェクトは、いくつかの部署が一緒に働くことを含むでしょう。
A2 noun /ˈɪn.sekt/

Insect

昆虫
Meaning
a small invertebrate animal with six legs and usually one or two pairs of wings
Example
The butterfly is a beautiful insect that flies from flower to flower.
蝶は花から花へと飛ぶ美しい昆虫です。
C1 adjective /ˈdʒen.ɪ.təl/

genital

生殖器に関連する
Meaning
relating to the reproductive organs
Example
The doctor explained the importance of genital hygiene.
医師は生殖器の衛生の重要性を説明しました。
C2 verb /məˈtrɪkjʊˌleɪt/

matriculate

Meaning
To enroll as a student in a college or university.
Example
She matriculated at Oxford University last year.
C1 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/

Animosity

敵意; 憎しみ
Meaning
strong hostility or dislike; active hatred or ill will
Example
There was clear animosity between the two rival teams.
二つのライバルチーム間には明確な敵意がありました。
B2 noun /prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/

Precaution

予防措置
Meaning
an action taken in advance to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening
Example
As a precaution, we should bring extra water on the hike.
予防措置として、ハイキングに追加の水を持っていくべきです。
C2 adjective /ˈɜːrsaɪn/

ursine

クマのような
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a bear.
Example
The man’s ursine strength amazed everyone.
その男のクマのような力は、みんなを驚かせました。
C1 verb /nʌdʒ/

nudge

肘で軽く押す
Meaning
To push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to attract attention.
Example
She nudged him to be quiet during the meeting.
会議中、彼女は彼を静かにさせるために軽く肘で押した。
A2 adjective /əˈtræk.tɪv/

Attractive

魅力的
Meaning
pleasing or appealing to the senses; having a quality that draws interest
Example
The garden looks very attractive in spring.
春には庭がとても魅力的に見えます。
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

飾る
Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
結婚式のためにホールは花で飾られました。
C2 noun /ˌdɛprɪˈdeɪʃən/

depredation

略奪
Meaning
An act of attacking or plundering; damage caused by such acts.
Example
The villagers feared the depredation of wild animals at night.
村人たちは夜間の野生動物の略奪を恐れていた。
A2 noun, verb /ˈsɛntəns/

sentence

文; 刑期
Meaning
A set of words that expresses a complete thought; or a punishment given by a court of law.
Example
The judge gave him a five-year prison sentence.
裁判官は彼に5年間の刑期を与えました。
A2 noun, verb /raʊ/ (argument), /roʊ/ (line of things)

row

列 / 争い
Meaning
A line of things or people; also, a noisy quarrel; to propel a boat with oars.
Example
They had a loud row about money.
彼らはお金について大声で争いました。
B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

カーボンフットプリント
Meaning
The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.
Example
Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.
カーボンフットプリントを減らすことは、気候変動と戦うために重要です。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

disengage

解放する
Meaning
To release or detach oneself from something; to withdraw.
Example
He tried to disengage from the heated argument.
彼は熱い議論から解放しようとした。
B1 adjective /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

Miserable

惨め; 不幸; 苦しみを引き起こす
Meaning
very unhappy; wretched; causing suffering
Example
He felt miserable after losing his job.
彼は仕事を失った後、ひどく落ち込んでいました。
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

回避
Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
彼の責任回避は同僚を苛立たせました。
C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

減耗
Meaning
The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example
The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.
会社は仕事への不満により従業員の高い離職率に直面した。
C1 verb /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

besiege

包囲する
Meaning
to surround a place with armed forces to capture it; to overwhelm with requests or attention
Example
The city was besieged by enemy troops.
その都市は敵軍によって包囲されました。
C1 verb /dʒəʊlt/

jolt

衝撃
Meaning
to push or shake someone or something abruptly and roughly
Example
The sudden stop jolted all the passengers forward.
突然の停止で、すべての乗客が前方に押し出されました。
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

金鉱を含む
Meaning
Containing or producing gold.
Example
The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.
鉱山労働者は山で金鉱を含む鉱脈を発見しました。
A1 noun /bəˈnæn.ə/

Banana

バナナ
Meaning
a long curved fruit with yellow skin and soft sweet flesh
Example
Bananas are a good source of potassium.
バナナはカリウムの良い供給源です。
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同国人
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。
B2 verb /ɪkˈspaɪər/

expire

期限切れ
Meaning
to come to an end, especially a period of validity or life
Example
My passport will expire next month.
私のパスポートは来月期限切れになります。
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

不十分さ
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
十分な資格があるにもかかわらず、彼女は職場で不十分さを感じていた。
C2 noun /ˈkloʊtʃər/

cloture

討論終了手続き
Meaning
a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
Example
The Senate invoked cloture to end the lengthy debate.
上院は長時間の討論を終わらせるためにクロチュールを適用しました。