B1 noun /ˈnætʃərəl dɪˈzæstər/

natural disaster

自然災害

Meaning

a catastrophic event caused by natural processes of the Earth that results in significant damage, destruction, or loss of life

Example

The coastal town was devastated by a natural disaster.

その沿岸の町は自然災害で壊滅的な被害を受けた。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

足病医

Meaning

a doctor specializing in foot care

Example

I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.

足首の痛みのためにポディアトリストに予約があります。

C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

耐えられない痛み

Meaning

causing extreme physical or mental pain

Example

She was in excruciating pain after the accident.

彼女は事故の後、耐えられない痛みを感じていた。

B2 noun kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

collaboration

協力

Meaning

The action of working with someone to produce or create something

Example

International collaboration is necessary to fight pollution.

国際的な協力は汚染と戦うために必要です。

C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

浸透

Meaning

to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group

Example

The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.

スパイたちは敵基地に infiltrate できた。

C1 noun /naɪˈiːvɪti/

naivety

無邪気

Meaning

The quality of being innocent, simple, and lacking experience or sophistication.

Example

Her naivety made her trust people too easily.

彼女の無邪気は、彼女が人々をあまりにも簡単に信頼させました。

B2 adjective /ˈbɪtər/

Bitter

苦い; 強い味; 怒りや失望を表す

Meaning

having a sharp, pungent taste; feeling or showing anger and disappointment

Example

The medicine had a bitter taste.

薬は苦い味がしました。

B2 noun /ˈmɜːrdərər/

murderer

殺人犯

Meaning

a person who unlawfully kills another human being with intent

Example

The murderer was caught by the police within hours.

殺人犯は数時間以内に警察に捕まった。

C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

怠惰; 仕事や努力をすることに対する reluctance

Meaning

laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort

Example

His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.

彼の怠惰は、目標達成を妨げました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

可燃; 発火性

Meaning

easily set on fire; flammable; combustible

Example

The inflammable material caught fire quickly.

その可燃性材料はすぐに火をつけました。

B2 noun, verb /ræŋks/

ranks

ランク

Meaning

Positions within a group, especially in a hierarchy or organization.

Example

He quickly moved up the ranks of the army.

彼はすぐに軍隊のランクで上昇しました。

C1 adjective /ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk/

apathetic

Meaning

showing or feeling little or no interest, enthusiasm, or concern

Example

He was apathetic about the outcome of the match.

C1 noun/verb /reɪn/

rein

Meaning

A strap used to control a horse; to control or guide something.

Example

The rider pulled the rein to stop the horse.

B2 noun /ˈhɔːrmoʊn/

hormone

ホルモン

Meaning

a chemical substance produced in the body that influences how the body grows or functions

Example

Insulin is a hormone that controls blood sugar levels.

インスリンは血糖値をコントロールするホルモンです。

C2 adjective /krʌˈsteɪʃəs/

crustaceous

硬い殻のある

Meaning

relating to or having a hard shell like a crustacean

Example

The scientist studied the crustaceous fossils.

科学者は硬い殻のある化石を研究しました。

C1 adjective /ˈærəbəl/

arable

耕作可能

Meaning

suitable for growing crops or farming

Example

The farmer purchased arable land to expand his crops.

農家は作物を拡大するために耕作可能な土地を購入しました。

C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

再生的な

Meaning

Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.

Example

Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.

再生農業は土壌の健康と生物多様性を改善します。

A1 adjective /bɛst/

best

最高

Meaning

Of the highest quality, excellence, or standing.

Example

She is the best student in the class.

彼女はクラスで最高の生徒です。

C2 noun /dɪˈpoʊnənt/

deponent

証人

Meaning

A person who gives testimony under oath, especially in a written deposition.

Example

The deponent confirmed the accuracy of the statement during the trial.

証人は裁判中に証言の正確性を確認しました。

C2 noun /spjuːm/

spume

泡

Meaning

Froth or foam, especially found on waves or liquids.

Example

The waves crashed against the rocks, leaving spume in the air.

波が岩にぶつかり、空気中に泡を残した。

C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

放蕩

Meaning

Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.

Example

The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.

その小説は、放蕩的なライフスタイルを持つキャラクターを描いています。

C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

相殺する

Meaning

to offset or balance the effect of something

Example

Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.

運動はストレスの悪影響を相殺できます。

C1 verb /prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/

predominate

支配する

Meaning

To be the strongest, most common, or most influential element.

Example

Traditional values still predominate in the community.

伝統的な価値観はコミュニティ内で依然として支配的です。

B2 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn/

sideline

副業

Meaning

An activity done in addition to one's main job or area of work.

Example

The sideline discussions led to mutual understanding.

副業の議論が相互理解を促進した。

B1 noun /pəˈlɪtɪʃən/

politician

政治家

Meaning

a person who is involved in politics, especially as a profession

Example

The politician promised to improve the economy.

政治家は経済改善を約束しました。

B2 noun ˈbaɪ.əs

bias

偏見, バイアス

Meaning

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Example

The judge must remain free from bias.

裁判官はバイアスなしでいなければならない。

B2 verb /ˈfrʌsˌtreɪt/

frustrate

フラストレートする

Meaning

to prevent from accomplishing; to make someone feel annoyed

Example

The traffic jam frustrated all the commuters.

渋滞はすべての通勤者をフラストレートさせました。

C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

混乱

Meaning

Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.

Example

The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.

抗議活動は群衆が警察と衝突したときに混乱に変わった。

B2 verb /flɪp/

flip

ひっくり返す

Meaning

to turn over quickly or suddenly; to toss lightly

Example

She flipped the pancake in the pan.

彼女はパンケーキをフライパンでひっくり返した。

A2 adjective /noʊn/

known

知られている

Meaning

recognized or familiar; something that is identified or acknowledged

Example

He is a well-known actor in the country.

彼は国でよく知られた俳優です。

C2 adjective /ˈluːpi/

loopy

おかしい

Meaning

crazy, silly, or eccentric

Example

After working all night, he felt a little loopy.

一晩中働いた後、彼は少しおかしく感じました。

C1 noun /təˈlɛfəni/

telephony

電話技術

Meaning

the technology and systems for transmitting voice over distances by telephone

Example

Modern telephony has evolved to include internet-based calls.

現代のテレフォニーはインターネットベースの通話を含むように進化しました。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒŋɡruənt/

congruent

合同

Meaning

in agreement or harmony; having the same shape and size in geometry

Example

Their values are congruent with the goals of the organization.

彼らの価値観は組織の目標と一致しています。

C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

呼び出す

Meaning

to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification

Example

The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.

弁護士は憲法を引き合いに出して自分のクライアントを守った。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

稀な

Meaning

Happening rarely or not often.

Example

He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.

彼は海外に移住した後、故郷にあまり頻繁に訪れることはありませんでした。

B1 noun /ˌdiː.enˈeɪ/

dna

デオキシリボ核酸

Meaning

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

Example

Scientists extracted DNA from the ancient bones.

科学者たちは古代の骨からDNAを抽出しました。

B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

賛辞的な; 無料で提供される; 礼儀として提供された

Meaning

expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy

Example

The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.

ホテルはすべてのゲストに無料の朝食を提供します。

A2 noun /ˈsiː.nər.i/

Scenery

風景

Meaning

the natural features of a landscape; the painted background used on a theater stage

Example

The mountain scenery was breathtakingly beautiful.

山の風景は息を呑むほど美しかった。

C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

公布する

Meaning

To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.

Example

The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.

政府はデータプライバシーに関する新しい規則を公布しました。

B2 adjective /ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/

damaging

Meaning

causing harm or injury

Example

The storm caused damaging effects to the crops.

A2 noun /ˈstrɔːbəri/

Strawberry

いちご

Meaning

a small red heart-shaped fruit with tiny seeds on the surface and sweet taste

Example

I love eating fresh strawberries with cream during summer.

夏にクリームを添えた新鮮ないちごを食べるのが大好きです。

C1 verb /dɪˈplɔːr/

deplore

非難する

Meaning

to feel or express strong disapproval of something; to regret deeply

Example

Many people deplore the violence shown on television.

多くの人々はテレビで示された暴力を非難しています。

B2 adjective /ʌnˌkənˈfɜːmd/

Unconfirmed

未確認; 未検証;

Meaning

not confirmed as true or definite; not verified or substantiated

Example

The report remains unconfirmed until we receive official verification.

報告書は公式の確認が得られるまで未確認のままです。

C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

密接に接続またはリンクする; 一緒にねじるまたは密接に結合する

Meaning

To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.

Example

Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.

彼らの生活は長年の友情を通じて絡み合った。

A2 noun /ˈmæstər/

Master

達人; 専門家;

Meaning

A skilled practitioner of a particular art or activity; a teacher or expert

Example

Leonardo da Vinci was a master of both painting and sculpture.

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは絵画と彫刻のマスターでした。

C1 adjective /ˈdeɪnti/

dainty

優雅で可愛らしい

Meaning

Delicately small, pretty, and often considered elegant.

Example

She wore a dainty necklace made of pearls.

彼女は真珠でできた繊細なネックレスをしていました。

C2 noun /ˌkæθəˈlɪsɪti/

catholicity

普遍性, 開かれた考え

Meaning

Universality; broad-mindedness; acceptance of a wide variety of things.

Example

Her catholicity of interests makes her a fascinating person.

彼女のカトリシティな興味は、彼女を魅力的な人物にしています。

A2 noun (plural) /ˈnuːdəlz/

noodles

麺

Meaning

long, thin strips of dough made from flour, water, or eggs, cooked and eaten as food

Example

She cooked noodles with vegetables for dinner.

彼女は夕食に野菜入りの麺を作った。

B2 noun /ˈaʊtˌsɛt/

outset

開始

Meaning

the beginning or start of something

Example

From the outset, the project seemed ambitious but achievable.

最初から、プロジェクトは野心的だが達成可能に見えました。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətri/

psychiatry

精神医学

Meaning

the branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of mental illness

Example

She decided to study psychiatry to help people with mental health issues.

彼女は精神疾患に苦しむ人々を助けるために精神医学を学ぶことを決めました。

C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

記憶術、記憶を助ける技術

Meaning

Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.

Example

A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.

ニーモニック装置は学生が複雑な概念を覚えるのに役立ちます。

B2 preposition /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/

concerning

関する

Meaning

about or relating to something; causing worry or anxiety

Example

There are some reports concerning the new project.

新しいプロジェクトに関する報告があります。

B2 noun /ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃən/

meditation

瞑想

Meaning

The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.

Example

She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully.

彼女は毎朝瞑想を実践して、穏やかな一日を始めます。

C1 noun /ˌdez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

Designation

任命; 役職; 職位; ステータス

Meaning

the action of choosing someone for a position; a name, title, or official status

Example

His designation as team leader came with additional responsibilities and authority.

チームリーダーとしての彼の任命は、追加の責任と権限を伴っていました。

B2 adjective /ˈlɛŋθi/

lengthy

長い

Meaning

long in duration or extent

Example

The meeting was lengthy, lasting over three hours.

会議は長く、3時間以上続きました。

A2 noun /ˈɪm.ɪdʒ/

Image

イメージ; 画像; 形象

Meaning

a representation of the external form of a person or thing in art; a mental picture or impression

Example

The company worked hard to improve its public image after the scandal.

企業はスキャンダル後、公共のイメージを改善するために一生懸命働きました。

B1 adjective /ˈtrʌbəld/

troubled

困っている

Meaning

experiencing or showing distress, anxiety, or worry

Example

He looked deeply troubled after hearing the bad news.

悪い知らせを聞いた後、彼は非常に困っているように見えた。

C2 noun /ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Jesmine

ジャスミン

Meaning

a climbing shrub with fragrant white or yellow flowers

Example

The jasmine flowers filled the garden with their sweet fragrance.

ジャスミンの花が庭を甘い香りで満たした。

A2 noun /trʌk/

truck

トラック

Meaning

a large motor vehicle for transporting goods

Example

The truck was loaded with boxes for the warehouse.

トラックは倉庫に向けて箱を積んでいた。

C2 noun /boʊl/

bole

木の幹

Meaning

the trunk of a tree

Example

The bole of the tree was thick and strong.

木の幹は太くて強かった。

C2 noun /nɪˈkrɒlədʒi/

necrology

訃報

Meaning

An obituary notice or a list of people who have recently died.

Example

The newspaper published a necrology of notable figures who passed away that year.

その新聞は、その年に亡くなった著名な人物のネクロロジーを発表しました。

B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɜrnəli/

externally

外見上

Meaning

in a way that relates to the outer surface or outside appearance

Example

The building appeared externally modern, but inside it was quite old-fashioned.

建物は外見上は現代的に見えたが、中はかなり古風だった。

C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

没入

Meaning

Complete engagement in an environment or experience.

Example

Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.

VRゲームへの没入は、ユーザーが仮想世界にいるように感じさせます。

C2 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈwiːnɪŋ/

overweening

過度に傲慢な

Meaning

excessively arrogant or prideful

Example

His overweening pride cost him many friends.

彼の過度の誇りは多くの友人を失わせました。

C1 noun /ˈɡraʊnd kruː/

ground crew

グラウンドクルー

Meaning

a team of people who maintain and service aircraft on the ground

Example

The ground crew prepared the plane for takeoff.

グラウンドクルーは飛行機を離陸の準備をしました。

C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

素人

Meaning

A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.

Example

The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.

裁判官は法を説明し、素人でも理解できるようにしました。

B2 noun /fraɪt/

Fright

恐怖; 驚き; 驚愕

Meaning

a sudden intense feeling of fear; a shock or surprise that causes fear

Example

The loud thunder gave her such a fright that she dropped her coffee cup.

大きな雷の音で、彼女は恐怖を感じてコーヒーカップを落としました。

C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

吸う

Meaning

Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective

Example

The baby is sucking on a pacifier.

赤ちゃんが乳首を吸っています。

A1 noun /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

afternoon

午後

Meaning

The part of the day between noon and evening.

Example

We met in the afternoon for coffee.

私たちは午後にコーヒーを飲みに会いました。

C1 verb /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

vaporize

蒸発させる

Meaning

to turn into vapor or gas

Example

The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface.

太陽の熱は水を表面から蒸発させることができます。

B1 verb /ʌnˈpæk/

unpack

荷解きする

Meaning

to remove items from a container; to explain or analyze something in detail

Example

After arriving home, she began to unpack her suitcase.

家に着いた後、彼女はスーツケースの荷解きを始めた。

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.saɪ.dər/

Out-sider

アウトサイダー

Meaning

a person who does not belong to a particular group; someone not accepted by a group

Example

As an outsider, he found it difficult to understand their traditions.

アウトサイダーとして、彼は彼らの伝統を理解するのが難しいと感じました。

B2 noun /ˈreb.əl/

Rebel

反逆者

Meaning

a person who resists authority or control

Example

The young rebel refused to follow the school rules.

その若い反逆者は学校の規則に従うことを拒否した。

C1 adjective ˌmiː.ti.ər.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

meteorological

気象の

Meaning

Relating to weather conditions and atmospheric phenomena.

Example

Meteorological conditions affect farming cycles.

気象条件は農業サイクルに影響を及ぼす。

A1 noun /ker/

Care

ケア; 保護; 配慮

Meaning

the provision of what is necessary for health, welfare, or protection

Example

The nurse provided excellent care for the elderly patients.

看護師は高齢の患者に優れたケアを提供しました。

B1 verb /ˈrɛdʒɪstər/

register

登録する

Meaning

To enter or record officially on a list or in a book.

Example

You must register for the conference before the deadline.

期限前に会議に登録する必要があります。

C2 verb /ˌmɪsəˈproʊpriˌeɪt/

misappropriate

不正流用する

Meaning

to use something dishonestly or illegally for one's own purposes

Example

He was accused of misappropriating company funds.

彼は会社の資金を不正に流用したとして告発されました。

C2 noun /trænsˈluːsəns/

translucence

半透明性

Meaning

the quality of allowing light to pass through but not detailed shapes

Example

The translucence of the curtains filled the room with soft light.

カーテンの半透明性は部屋を柔らかい光で満たしました。

C2 adjective /ʌnˈlɛtəd/

unlettered

識字障害者

Meaning

lacking education or the ability to read and write; illiterate

Example

The unlettered villagers relied on oral traditions to preserve their history.

識字障害者の村人たちは口承伝承に頼って歴史を保存していた。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈduː/

Undue

過度の; 不適切な; 必要以上または適切以上の

Meaning

excessive; inappropriate; more than is necessary or proper

Example

The teacher complained about undue pressure from parents.

教師は親からの過度なプレッシャーについて不満を言いました。

C1 adjective səˈsaɪ.ə.təl

societal

社会的

Meaning

Relating to society or social relationships.

Example

Societal benefits of space tourism are under debate.

宇宙観光の社会的利点が議論されています。

C2 noun /ˈbæn.jən/

Banian

ランニングシャツ

Meaning

a sleeveless undergarment worn next to the skin; vest

Example

He put on a cotton banian under his shirt.

彼はシャツの下に綿のバニアンを着ました。

C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

間違った場所に置く

Meaning

To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.

Example

I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.

急いでいるとき、よく鍵を間違った場所に置いてしまいます。

B1 noun ˈfæmɪli triː

Family Tree

家系図

Meaning

A diagram showing the relationships between people in several generations of a family.

Example

Creating a family tree helps understand family history.

家系図を作成することは、家族の歴史を理解するのに役立ちます。

C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

環境変革

Meaning

A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.

Example

The city demonstrates environmental transformation.

この都市は環境変革を示しています。

B1 noun /ˌrɛp.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

reputation

評判, 名声

Meaning

The opinion generally held about someone or something; fame or prestige.

Example

A good reputation is essential for business success.

良い評判はビジネスの成功に不可欠です。

C1 noun /təˈbuː/

taboo

Meaning

a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices or discussions

Example

Talking about money is considered a taboo in some cultures.

B1 noun /rɪst/

Wrist

手首

Meaning

the joint connecting the hand with the forearm

Example

He wore a watch on his wrist.

彼は手首に時計をしていた。

C1 adjective /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/

Nominal

名目上の; 非常に小さい

Meaning

very small in size or amount; existing in name only

Example

He paid only a nominal fee for the membership since he was a student.

彼は学生だったので、会員費はわずかな名目料金でした。

B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

initiative

イニシアティブ

Meaning

An act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something.

Example

NASA's initiative to return humans to the Moon is ambitious.

NASAの月面への人類を戻すイニシアティブは野心的です。

A2 adjective, adverb /ˈfʊl taɪm/

full-time

フルタイム

Meaning

working or studying for the whole standard period of time

Example

She works full-time as a teacher.

彼女は教師としてフルタイムで働いています。

B1 noun /ˈreɪlˌroʊd/

railroad

鉄道

Meaning

a track or system of tracks made of steel rails along which trains run

Example

The railroad connects the city to several nearby towns.

鉄道は都市といくつかの近くの町を結びつけています。

C1 adjective ɪˈθɪə.ri.əl

ethereal

天上的, 精緻な, 超自然的

Meaning

Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world.

Example

Her voice had an ethereal quality.

彼女の声にはエセリアルな質感がありました。

C1 noun /ˈfɛərˌɡraʊndz/

fairgrounds

見本市会場

Meaning

A designated area where fairs, exhibitions, and amusement events are held

Example

The town set up rides and stalls at the fairgrounds for the annual festival.

町は年次祭のために見本市会場に乗り物と屋台を設置した。

B1 noun /ˈlænd.skeɪp/

Landscape

風景

Meaning

all the visible features of an area of countryside or land; the art of designing outdoor areas

Example

The mountain landscape was breathtaking with its snow-capped peaks and green valleys.

山の風景は雪で覆われた頂上と緑の谷が息を呑むほど美しかった。

A1 verb, noun /tʃɛk/

check

チェック

Meaning

To examine, inspect, or verify something; also a written order to a bank to pay money.

Example

Please check the report before submitting it.

レポートを提出する前にチェックしてください。

C2 noun /ˈmɪsəl/

missal

ミサの書

Meaning

a book containing the texts used in the Catholic Mass throughout the year

Example

The priest read from the missal during the ceremony.

祭司は儀式中にミサの書から読んでいました。

B2 verb /bɑːrk/

bark

吠える

Meaning

to make a sharp sound like a dog; to speak angrily

Example

The dog barks at strangers.

犬は見知らぬ人に吠える。

C2 adjective /ˌtɔːtəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

tautological

冗長な

Meaning

expressing something by repeating the same idea in different words; redundant

Example

Saying 'free gift' is considered tautological.

'無料ギフト'と言うことは冗長と見なされます。

A2 noun /dɪˈsɪʒənz/

decisions

決定

Meaning

A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration; the action or process of deciding something.

Example

Making the right decisions in time was key to the project's success.

時間内に正しい決定を下すことがプロジェクトの成功の鍵でした。

C2 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtəl/

vegetal

植物性の

Meaning

relating to or consisting of plants or vegetation

Example

The soup had a distinct vegetal flavor.

スープには独特の植物性の味がありました。

C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

宗派

Meaning

a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs

Example

The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.

グループは教義の違いにより、異なる宗派に分かれました。

C1 adjective /həˈmɑː.dʒə.nəs/

homogenous

同質の

Meaning

Similar or uniform in nature; often used interchangeably with 'homogeneous'.

Example

The class was made up of a homogenous group of students.

クラスは同質の学生グループで構成されていました。

B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

仮定

Meaning

a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition

Example

His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.

天気に関する彼の仮定は間違っていることが証明されました。

B2 verb /ˈtɛstəfaɪ/

testify

証言する

Meaning

to make a statement or declaration under oath or to give evidence

Example

She was called to testify in court about the accident.

彼女は事故について証言するために裁判所に呼ばれました。

C2 noun /ˈtæksɪˌdɜːrmi/

taxidermy

剥製

Meaning

The art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals for display.

Example

The museum had a large collection of taxidermy animals.

博物館には大量の剥製が展示されていた。

A2 adjective /skɛrd/

scared

怖がっている

Meaning

feeling afraid or worried

Example

She was scared of the dark.

彼女は暗闇を怖がっていた。

B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

難民

Meaning

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Example

The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.

難民キャンプは、何千人もの避難した家族に一時的な避難所を提供しました。

C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.və.naɪl/

Juvenile

未成年者; 若者

Meaning

a young person below the age of adult criminal responsibility; relating to young people

Example

The juvenile court handles cases involving young offenders under eighteen.

少年裁判所は、18歳未満の若年犯罪者に関する事件を扱います。

C1 noun /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌklaɪmæt/

microclimate

ミクロクライメート

Meaning

The climate of a small, specific area that may differ from the general climate of the surrounding region, often influenced by local factors like terrain, vegetation, or buildings.

Example

A microclimate can have a significant impact on plant growth.

マイクロクライメートは植物の成長に重要な影響を与える可能性があります。

C1 noun /ˈbɑn.dɪdʒ/

Bondage

奴隷状態; 拘束

Meaning

the state of being a slave; the state of being under the control of a force or influence

Example

The people fought to escape from the bondage of oppression.

人々は圧政の束縛から逃れるために戦った。

C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

コンソーシアム

Meaning

An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.

Example

The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.

コンソーシアムはケーブルの建設に協力しました。

C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

法令

Meaning

an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict

Example

The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.

王はすべての市民に追加の税金を支払うように命じる法令を出しました。

B1 adjective /ʌnˈkaʊntəbəl/

Uncountable

数えきれない; 無限の

Meaning

too many to be counted; innumerable; infinite in quantity

Example

There are uncountable stars in the night sky.

夜空には無数の星があります。

A2 noun/adjective /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

living

生活 / 生計

Meaning

the state of being alive; or a way of earning money

Example

He makes his living as a teacher.

彼は教師として生計を立てています。

A2 noun /taɪər/

tire

タイヤ

Meaning

a rubber covering around a wheel

Example

The car’s tire burst on the highway.

車のタイヤが高速道路でパンクした。

C1 noun /ˌdiːpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

deportation

Meaning

The act of expelling a foreigner from a country.

Example

The deportation of hundreds of workers sparked international criticism.

C1 adjective /ˈpjuːtrɪd/

putrid

腐った

Meaning

decayed and emitting a foul smell

Example

The garbage smelled putrid after days in the sun.

ゴミは何日も太陽の下で放置された後、腐った臭いを発しました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

insinuate

Meaning

To suggest or hint something indirectly and often unpleasantly.

Example

He insinuated that she had lied about her qualifications.

C2 noun /ˈdɛntɪfrɪs/

dentifrice

歯磨き粉

Meaning

a substance such as powder, paste, or liquid used to clean teeth

Example

He bought a new herbal dentifrice from the pharmacy.

彼は薬局で新しいハーブの歯磨きを買った。

C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

平凡な

Meaning

ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination

Example

The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.

先生の説明は正確でしたが、かなり平凡でした。