C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

苛立たせる

Meaning

to annoy or irritate someone

Example

It irks me when people are late without calling.

人々が電話をかけずに遅れると、私はイライラします。

A2 noun /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/

importance

重要性

Meaning

The quality or state of being important; consequence or significance.

Example

The importance of time management cannot be overstated.

タイムマネジメントの重要性は過大評価できません。

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idol

偶像; 崇拝される人物

Meaning

an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship; a person who is greatly admired

Example

The singer became a teenage idol after her hit song topped the charts worldwide.

その歌手はヒットソングが世界中のチャートで1位に達した後、ティーンエイジャーのアイドルとなった。

C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

完璧

Meaning

perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws

Example

Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.

彼女の部屋は完璧で、すべてが所定の位置にありました。

C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

帰する

Meaning

to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone

Example

They imputed the company's success to good leadership.

彼らは会社の成功を良いリーダーシップに帰属させた。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɔːˈspɪʃəs/

Inauspicious

不吉

Meaning

unlucky; showing signs that future success is unlikely; unfavorable

Example

The dark clouds seemed inauspicious for the wedding.

暗い雲は結婚式にとって不吉に思えた。

C2 noun /ˌɪnəməˈrɑːtə/

inamorata

Meaning

A woman with whom someone is in love; a female lover.

Example

He wrote a poem dedicated to his inamorata.

C2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈɡreʃ.ən/

introgression

遺伝子流入

Meaning

The transfer of genetic information from one species to another through repeated backcrossing.

Example

Introgression plays a significant role in plant breeding.

イントログレッションは植物育種において重要な役割を果たします。

C2 adjective /aɪˈsɒ.krə.nəs/

isochronous

等時間間隔で発生する

Meaning

Occurring at equal time intervals; in unison or synchrony.

Example

The pendulum swings are isochronous, repeating at equal intervals.

振り子の動きは等時性があり、等しい間隔で繰り返されます。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

未熟な

Meaning

not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise

Example

The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.

機械の未熟な扱いがいくつかのミスを引き起こした。

C2 noun /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtəns/

inadvertence

不注意

Meaning

Failure to pay attention; carelessness.

Example

The error happened through sheer inadvertence.

エラーは単なる不注意で発生しました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

尋問

Meaning

A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.

Example

The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.

ジャーナリストは、自分の情報源に関するパネルからの厳しい尋問に直面した。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrstɪs/

interstice

隙間

Meaning

a small space that lies between things

Example

Light filtered through the narrow interstices of the wall.

光は壁の狭い隙間を通して漏れた。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

破産

Meaning

unable to pay debts owed

Example

The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.

破産した企業は財務義務を果たせなかった。

B2 noun ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən

installation

インストール

Meaning

The action or process of installing someone or something, or of being installed.

Example

The installation of the submarine cable is almost complete.

海底ケーブルのインストールはほぼ完了しています。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

偽る

Meaning

to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive

Example

He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.

彼は警察官を装おうとしたため逮捕されました。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv/

Informative

有益な

Meaning

giving or providing useful information; educational; instructive

Example

The documentary was very informative and educational.

そのドキュメンタリーはとても有益で教育的でした。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

初期の

Meaning

Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.

Example

The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.

プロジェクトの開始段階は熱心な計画で特徴づけられました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

不法な

Meaning

Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.

Example

The police shut down the illicit drug operation.

警察は不法な麻薬取引を閉鎖しました。

B1 abbreviation /ˌaɪˈiː/

ie

すなわち

Meaning

That is to say; used to clarify or explain something more precisely.

Example

Many amphibians, i.e., frogs and salamanders, can live both in water and on land.

多くの両生類、すなわちカエルとサラマンダーは、水中と陸上の両方で生きることができます。

C2 verb /ɪˈmjʊər/

immure

閉じ込める

Meaning

to confine or enclose someone against their will

Example

The prisoner was immured in a dark cell.

囚人は暗い監房に閉じ込められた。

B1 noun /ˈɪnkʌm/

income

収入

Meaning

money received for work or through investments

Example

His monthly income is enough to support his family.

彼の月収は家族を支えるのに十分です。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

容赦しない

Meaning

unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified

Example

The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.

兵士たちは降伏を拒否した容赦しない敵に直面した。

B2 noun ɪnˈfleɪʃən

inflation

インフレーション

Meaning

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Example

Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers.

インフレーションは消費者の購買力を減少させる。

C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

祈願

Meaning

the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration

Example

The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.

儀式は神々への祈願から始まりました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

不平等

Meaning

Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.

Example

Social inequity continues to be a global issue.

社会的不平等は依然としてグローバルな問題です。

B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

楽しむ

Meaning

to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively

Example

He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.

彼はディナーの後でチョコレートケーキの一切れを楽しんだ。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nər.i/

Imaginary

想像上の; 虚構の; 現実でない

Meaning

existing only in imagination; not real; fictional

Example

The child had an imaginary friend who she talked to every day.

その子は毎日話す想像上の友達がいました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

扇動する

Meaning

to provoke; to stir up

Example

His speech incited the crowd to violence.

彼のスピーチは群衆を暴力に駆り立てた。

C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

学際的

Meaning

Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.

Example

The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.

教育における学際的アプローチは、問題解決スキルを向上させる。

A2 noun/adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

individual

個人

Meaning

A single human being as distinct from a group; relating to one person.

Example

Each individual has the right to freedom of speech.

各個人には表現の自由がある。

C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

幻想的な; 存在しているように見えるが実際には存在しない; 騙すような

Meaning

deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading

Example

The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.

簡単なお金の約束は幻想的であり、誤解を招くものでした。

C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

無作法な

Meaning

lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing

Example

His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.

彼の無作法な振る舞いは、ディナー・パーティーで皆を驚かせた。

C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

内向的

Meaning

A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.

Example

As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.

内向的な性格として、パーティに参加するよりも読書の方が好きでした。

C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

指示的

Meaning

Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.

Example

His tone was indicative of his frustration.

彼のトーンは彼のフラストレーションを示していた。

B2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪdə/

insider

インサイダー

Meaning

a person within a group or organization who has access to confidential information

Example

He was an insider who knew all the company's secrets.

彼は会社のすべての秘密を知っているインサイダーでした。

A2 adverb /ɪˈmiːdiətli/

immediately

直ちに

Meaning

at once; without delay

Example

She responded immediately to the emergency call.

彼女は緊急の電話に直ちに応答した。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpælpəbəl/

impalpable

触れない

Meaning

unable to be felt by touch; difficult to grasp or understand

Example

There was an impalpable sense of fear in the room.

部屋には触れない恐怖感があった。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsəbəl/

impassable

通行不可能

Meaning

Impossible to travel along or over.

Example

The road became impassable after the heavy snowfall.

大雪の後、道は通行不可能になりました。

B2 verb /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

intrigue

魅了する

Meaning

to arouse curiosity or interest; to make someone fascinated

Example

The mystery novel will intrigue any reader.

ミステリー小説はすべての読者を魅了するでしょう。

B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈviːn/

intervene

介入する

Meaning

To come between people, groups, or events, often to prevent conflict or improve a situation.

Example

The teacher had to intervene to stop the fight between the students.

教師は生徒たちの間で喧嘩を止めるために介入しなければならなかった。

C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

無能

Meaning

Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.

Example

The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.

プロジェクトはマネージャーの無能のため失敗しました。

B1 noun /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

instrument

楽器

Meaning

A tool or device used for a particular purpose, especially for scientific or musical work.

Example

The doctor used a special instrument during the surgery.

医師は手術中に特別な楽器を使用しました。

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

重要な方法で

Meaning

in a way that is of great significance or value

Example

Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.

重要な方法で、報告書は即時の行動の必要性を強調しました。

B2 verb ɪnˈvɛst.ɪŋ

investing

投資

Meaning

The act of putting money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit.

Example

Investing in stocks can generate long-term wealth.

株式投資は長期的な富を生むことができます。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.tənt/

impenitent

後悔しない

Meaning

Not feeling regret or shame about one's actions.

Example

The criminal remained impenitent after the trial.

犯人は裁判後も後悔しないままでした。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

免疫の

Meaning

protected from disease or from the effects of something

Example

Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.

予防接種を受けた子供たちは多くの病気に免疫があります。

B2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

Inefficient

非効率的

Meaning

not achieving maximum productivity; wasteful of time or resources

Example

The old computer system was inefficient and wasted a lot of time.

古いコンピュータシステムは非効率的で、多くの時間を無駄にしました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

疑う余地がない

Meaning

Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.

Example

It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.

努力すれば成功に繋がることは疑う余地がない。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/

intriguing

非常に興味深く、異常な; 好奇心を引き起こす

Meaning

very interesting and unusual; arousing curiosity

Example

The movie has an intriguing plot that keeps the audience hooked.

その映画は観客を引き付ける非常に興味深いプロットを持っています。

B2 noun /ɪnˈspekʃən/

inspection

検査

Meaning

a careful examination of something, especially to check that it is correct or safe

Example

The building passed the safety inspection last week.

その建物は先週、安全検査に合格しました。

C2 verb ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt

inculcate

教え込む

Meaning

Instill an attitude, idea, or habit by persistent instruction; to teach and impress by frequent repetitions.

Example

Parents should inculcate good values in their children.

親は子供たちに良い価値観を教え込むべきだ。

C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

悪名高い

Meaning

well known for some bad quality or deed

Example

The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.

その独裁者はその残虐さで悪名高かった。

B1 adjective /ɪˈnɪʃəl/

initial

初期の

Meaning

Existing or occurring at the beginning.

Example

Her initial reaction was one of surprise.

彼女の初期の反応は驚きだった。

A2 noun /ˈɪnfoʊ/

info

情報

Meaning

information; knowledge or facts about something or someone

Example

She gave me all the info I needed for the meeting.

彼女は会議に必要なすべての情報を私にくれました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈɛrənsi/

inerrancy

無謬性

Meaning

the belief or quality of being free from error; absolute correctness

Example

Some religious groups strongly affirm the inerrancy of their sacred texts.

いくつかの宗教団体は、自分たちの聖典の誤りのなさを強く主張しています。

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

取り消し不可能

Meaning

Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.

Example

She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.

彼女は会社を辞めるという取り消し不可能な決定を下した。

C2 noun /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns/

iridescence

虹色の輝き

Meaning

a play of lustrous, changing colors like those of a rainbow

Example

The butterfly's wings shimmered with iridescence.

蝶の羽は虹色の輝きで輝いていました。

C2 noun /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪv dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/

integrative diplomacy

統合的外交

Meaning

A diplomatic approach that seeks to combine or coordinate different elements, interests, or parties into a unified whole.

Example

Integrative diplomacy strengthens alliances.

統合的外交は同盟を強化する。

C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

制度化する

Meaning

to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice

Example

The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.

政府は環境保護を制度化しようとしています。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

攻略不可能

Meaning

Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.

Example

The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.

その要塞は敵によって攻略不可能と見なされていました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbl/

inconsiderable

取るに足らない

Meaning

Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.

Example

The donation was not inconsiderable, though smaller than expected.

寄付は取るに足らなかったが、予想よりも小さかった。

C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.əns/

Indifference

無関心; 無関心さ; アパシー

Meaning

lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; the state of not caring about something

Example

His indifference to his studies resulted in poor grades throughout the semester.

彼の学業に対する無関心さが、学期中ずっと悪い成績をもたらした。

C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

不協和音

Meaning

lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune

Example

The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.

壊れたピアノからの不協和音がみんなを耳をふさがせました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

化身

Meaning

the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form

Example

The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.

その僧侶は慈悲の化身と見なされていた。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

無害な

Meaning

Not harmful or offensive.

Example

His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.

彼の発言は完全に無害で、誰かを傷つける意図はなかった。

A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

招待する

Meaning

to ask someone to come to an event or to do something

Example

We should invite all our friends to the party.

パーティーに友達を招待するべきです。

C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

孵化する

Meaning

to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development

Example

The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.

そのニワトリは卵が孵化するまでインキュベートします。

C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

Meaning

To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.

Example

The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/

Inconvenient

不便な; 面倒な; 困難な

Meaning

causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort; awkward; troublesome

Example

The broken elevator made it inconvenient to reach the top floor.

壊れたエレベーターは、最上階に到達するのを不便にしました。

B1 noun /ɪmˈprɛʃən/

impression

印象, 概念

Meaning

an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone

Example

The book gave me a good first impression.

その本は私に良い最初の印象を与えました。

B2 adjective /ˈɪmpæktfʊl/

impactful

インパクトがある

Meaning

Having a major impact or effect; powerful and forceful.

Example

Her impactful speech moved the audience to take action.

彼女のインパクトのあるスピーチは、聴衆を行動に駆り立てた。

C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

不可逆な

Meaning

Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.

Example

The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.

火事によって生じた損害は不可逆でした。

C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

偶像崇拝的な

Meaning

Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.

Example

The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.

その古代の部族は偶像崇拝的な習慣で知られていました。

C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiˌɛri/

intermediary

仲介者

Meaning

A person who acts as a link between people in order to try to bring about an agreement; a mediator.

Example

The diplomat served as an intermediary between the two conflicting nations.

外交官は二つの対立する国々の間で仲介者として機能した。

C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

慣れた

Meaning

Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.

長年の苦しみの後、彼女は苦しみに慣れていた。

B1 noun ˌɪndɪˈpendəns

independence

独立

Meaning

The fact or state of being independent; freedom from outside control; not being subject to another's authority.

Example

Independence inspired the movement.

独立は運動を刺激した。

B2 noun ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən

implementation

実行

Meaning

The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.

Example

Proper implementation of policies is crucial.

方針の適切な実行は重要です。

C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

不動

Meaning

The state of being unable to move.

Example

After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.

事故の後、彼女は足の不動に苦しみました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

貧乏

Meaning

Having little or no money; poor.

Example

He grew up in an impecunious family.

彼は貧乏な家族で育ちました。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/

imprecation

呪い

Meaning

A spoken curse or expression of strong condemnation.

Example

The angry crowd hurled imprecations at the corrupt official.

怒った群衆は腐敗した役人に呪いを投げかけた。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmens/

Immense

巨大な; 膨大な; 非常に大きい

Meaning

extremely large or great; huge

Example

The immense mountain range stretched across the horizon.

その巨大な山脈は地平線を越えて広がっていました。

A2 verb /ɪnˈkluːd/

include

含む

Meaning

to have as part of a whole; to contain or comprise

Example

The price includes all taxes.

価格にはすべての税金が含まれています。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

無常

Meaning

The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.

Example

The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.

仏教の哲学は、人生の無常性を強調します。

B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

imperial

帝国の

Meaning

Relating to an empire or emperor; having supreme authority.

Example

The imperial palace was a symbol of the emperor's power.

インペリアル宮殿は皇帝の力の象徴でした。

C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

愚かさ

Meaning

extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness

Example

The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.

安全プロトコルを無視する決定は、すべての人を危険にさらす純粋な愚かさでした。

C2 adjective /ˈɪkθiɪk/

ichthyic

魚のような

Meaning

Relating to or resembling fish.

Example

The artist's painting had an ichthyic quality.

アーティストの絵には魚のような特徴がありました。

C1 noun /ɪmˌpɜː.sənˈeɪ.ʃən/

impersonation

なりすまし

Meaning

The action of pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment or fraud.

Example

Online impersonation is a serious cybercrime.

オンラインでのなりすましは重大なサイバー犯罪です。

C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

かゆみ

Meaning

The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.

Example

Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.

目のかゆみはしばしば擦る原因となります。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

inclusive

包括的

Meaning

Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; not excluding any section of society or any party involved.

Example

Inclusive growth benefits all sections of society.

包括的な成長は、社会のすべての層に利益をもたらします。

B2 verb ˈɪmplɪmentɪd

implemented

実施された

Meaning

Put a decision or plan into effect; carried out or executed.

Example

The master plans were partially implemented.

マスタープランは部分的に実施されました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

狂気; 精神疾患

Meaning

the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality

Example

The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.

弁護人は、被告人が狂気によって無罪であると主張した。

B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

真似る

Meaning

to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something

Example

Children often imitate their parents' behavior.

子供たちはしばしば親の行動を真似します。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

克服不可能

Meaning

Too great to be overcome.

Example

The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.

探検者たちは砂漠で克服不可能な障害に直面した。

C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

夢中にさせる

Meaning

to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration

Example

He was infatuated with her beauty.

彼は彼女の美しさに夢中でした。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl̩/

inadmissible

受け入れられない

Meaning

Not allowed, especially as evidence in a court of law.

Example

The judge ruled the evidence inadmissible.

裁判官は証拠を受け入れられないと判断しました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri/

incendiary

扇動的な / 挑発的な

Meaning

designed to cause fires or stir up conflict

Example

The politician’s incendiary remarks angered the crowd.

政治家の挑発的な発言が群衆を怒らせた。

B1 adjective ˈɪnəveɪtɪv

innovative

革新的な

Meaning

Featuring new methods; advanced and original

Example

Innovative strategies are required to combat pollution.

革新的な戦略が汚染との戦いに必要です。

B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

差し迫った

Meaning

About to happen; likely to occur very soon.

Example

Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.

暗い雲は嵐が迫っていることを示していた。

C2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrpəˈleɪʃən/

interpolation

補間

Meaning

The act of inserting something into a text or estimating values within a sequence of data.

Example

The scientist used interpolation to predict the missing data points.

科学者は欠落したデータポイントを予測するために補間を使用しました。

B1 noun /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

ingredient

材料

Meaning

A component part or element of something, especially in a recipe.

Example

Flour is a key ingredient in baking bread.

小麦粉はパン作りにおける重要な材料です。

A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

アイテム

Meaning

A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.

Example

Each item on the list must be checked carefully.

リストの各アイテムは慎重にチェックする必要があります。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

Indecision

優柔不断; 決断力の欠如; 迷い

Meaning

the inability to make decisions quickly; uncertainty about what to do

Example

Her indecision about which job offer to accept caused her to miss both opportunities.

どの仕事のオファーを受けるかについての優柔不断さが、両方のチャンスを逃す原因となった。

C1 adjective ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs

ingenious

独創的

Meaning

Showing inventiveness and skill; clever, original, and inventive.

Example

His ingenious ideas transformed modern physics.

彼の独創的なアイデアは現代物理学を変えました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

柔軟性の欠如

Meaning

the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability

Example

The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.

規則の柔軟性の欠如が不要な遅れを引き起こした。

C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

強化

Meaning

The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.

Example

The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.

気候変動の強化は緊急の行動を必要とします。

A1 pronoun /aɪ/

i

私

Meaning

used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself

Example

I am learning English every day.

私は毎日英語を学んでいます。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

克服できない

Meaning

Impossible to overcome or surpass.

Example

The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.

チームは遠征中に克服できない課題に直面しました。

C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

侵入, 異常に大量の昆虫や動物がある場所に存在すること

Meaning

The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.

Example

The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.

キッチンにおけるアリの侵入は、即座に害虫駆除対策を講じる結果となった。

C1 verb /ɪnˈvɪɡ.ər.eɪt/

invigorate

活性化する

Meaning

To give strength or energy to someone or something.

Example

A morning walk can invigorate both body and mind.

朝の散歩は、体と心を活性化することができます。

A1 preposition /ˈɪntuː/

into

中へ

Meaning

expressing movement or direction to the inside of something

Example

She walked into the room quietly.

彼女は静かに部屋に入った。

C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

インフラ整備

Meaning

The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example

Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.

インフラストラクチャー開発は効率的なリサイクルに必要です。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

危険にさらす

Meaning

To put in danger or at risk.

Example

Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.

無謀な運転は他人の命を危険にさらす可能性があります。

B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

識字障害者; 読み書きができない; 無知

Meaning

unable to read or write; lacking education

Example

The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.

このプログラムは、識字率の低い成人が読み書きを学ぶ手助けをすることを目的としています。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl/

incompatible

互換性がない

Meaning

Not able to exist or work together without conflict.

Example

Their personalities were completely incompatible.

彼らの性格は完全に互換性がなかった。

B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊz/

impose

課す

Meaning

to force someone to accept something; to establish or apply by authority

Example

The government imposed new taxes on luxury goods.

政府は高級品に新しい税を課した。

C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

inferno

火災

Meaning

a large, intense fire that is dangerously out of control

Example

The building turned into an inferno within minutes.

その建物は数分で火災に変わった。

B2 noun /ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃən/

imperfection

不完全

Meaning

a flaw, defect, or weakness; the state of being imperfect

Example

She accepted her imperfection as part of being human.

彼女は人間であることの一部として自分の不完全さを受け入れた。

C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

アイデア創出

Meaning

The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.

Example

The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.

チームは新製品のアイデアを生み出すためにアイデーションセッションに取り組んだ。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

impertinent

無礼な

Meaning

rude and showing a lack of respect

Example

It was impertinent of him to question the manager's decision.

マネージャーの決定に疑問を呈するのは無礼でした。

C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈmjʊə.rəl/

intramural

学内

Meaning

Occurring within the walls of a single institution, especially a school or college.

Example

The college organizes intramural sports competitions every semester.

大学は毎学期、学内スポーツ競技を開催しています。