C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈsɛl.jʊ.lər/

intracellular

細胞内

Meaning

Located or occurring within a cell.

Example

The drug works by targeting intracellular bacteria.

薬は細胞内の細菌をターゲットにして作用します。

B1 noun ɪnˈven.ʃən

invention

発明

Meaning

The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.

Example

The invention revolutionized communication.

その発明はコミュニケーションを革命的に変えました。

B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/

inhale

吸う

Meaning

to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs

Example

Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.

深く息を吸い、ゆっくり吸い込みます。

C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

扇動する

Meaning

to provoke; to stir up

Example

His speech incited the crowd to violence.

彼のスピーチは群衆を暴力に駆り立てた。

C2 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈnɑːti/

illuminati

イルミナティ

Meaning

a group of people claiming to have special enlightenment or secret knowledge, often linked to conspiracies

Example

Many conspiracy theories involve the Illuminati as a secret world-controlling group.

多くの陰謀論はイルミナティを世界を支配する秘密のグループとして扱っている。

C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

投獄する

Meaning

to imprison or confine someone

Example

The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.

当局は裁判後に犯罪者を投獄しました。

C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

異教徒

Meaning

a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own

Example

In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.

歴史的な文脈では、十字軍はしばしば自分たちの敵を異教徒と呼んでいました。

C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

不謹慎

Meaning

lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper

Example

The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.

その記事は不謹慎な語調で批判された。

C2 adjective/verb /ɪnˈkɑːrneɪt/

incarnate

具現化

Meaning

to embody or represent in human form; in flesh

Example

She is kindness incarnate.

彼女は親切さの具現化です。

B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

保険をかける

Meaning

to provide insurance; to make certain

Example

I need to insure my new car.

私は新しい車を保険に入れる必要があります。

C2 adjective ɪnˈdɒm.ɪ.tə.bəl

indomitable

不屈の

Meaning

Impossible to subdue or defeat.

Example

Her indomitable spirit helped her overcome adversity.

彼女の不屈の精神が彼女を逆境を克服させた。

C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

義務的な

Meaning

necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.

Example

It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.

すべての市民が法律を守るのは義務である。

C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

Meaning

To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.

Example

The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.

B2 adverb /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/

ironically

皮肉にも

Meaning

in a way that is contrary to what is expected or intended

Example

Ironically, the fire station burned down.

皮肉にも、消防署が焼け落ちた。

A2 adjective/noun /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

irish

幸福

Meaning

relating to Ireland, its people, or its language

Example

The Irish countryside is very beautiful.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/

investigate

調査する

Meaning

to carry out a systematic inquiry to discover facts or information

Example

The police will investigate the incident thoroughly.

警察は事件を徹底的に調査するでしょう。

B2 adjective /ɪmˈper.ə.tɪv/

imperative

命令形

Meaning

Of vital importance; crucial; giving or expressing a command.

Example

It is imperative to address the climate crisis immediately.

気候危機に直ちに対処することがインペラティブです。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

硬化層

Meaning

a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something

Example

The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.

古いパイプは鉱物の重い硬化層によって詰まっていました。

B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

不安定

Meaning

not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious

Example

She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.

彼女は試験での自分のパフォーマンスに不安を感じていました。

B1 abbreviation /ˌaɪˈiː/

ie

すなわち

Meaning

That is to say; used to clarify or explain something more precisely.

Example

Many amphibians, i.e., frogs and salamanders, can live both in water and on land.

多くの両生類、すなわちカエルとサラマンダーは、水中と陸上の両方で生きることができます。

C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

無力

Meaning

Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.

Example

The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.

市民は腐敗したシステムに対して無力だと感じた。

C1 noun /ɪnˈækjʊrəsi/

inaccuracy

不正確さ

Meaning

lack of accuracy or precision; an incorrect or wrong detail

Example

The report contained several factual inaccuracies.

その報告書にはいくつかの不正確さがあった。

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

宗教的な画像やシンボル

Meaning

A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Example

The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.

教会は美しく描かれた聖母マリアのアイコンを展示しました。

C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

暫定的

Meaning

In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.

Example

Interim governments manage transitional phases.

暫定政府は移行段階を管理します。

B2 adjective ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd

isolated

孤立した

Meaning

Alone or separated from others; having little or no contact with other people.

Example

Technological advancements often leave people isolated.

技術の進歩はしばしば人々を孤立させる。

C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

慣性; 活動の欠如

Meaning

a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement

Example

The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.

チームの慣性は、急速に変化する市場の状況に適応するのを妨げました。

C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

関与する

Meaning

To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.

Example

The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.

証拠はスキャンダルに関与した何人かの職員を示した。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

不可約

Meaning

impossible to reduce or simplify further

Example

The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.

分数 3/7 は不可約です。

C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

無力, 無能

Meaning

inability to take effective action; helplessness

Example

The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.

危機の前で政府の無力さが人々を失望させた。

C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdərət/

immoderate

過度な

Meaning

excessive; beyond reasonable limits

Example

He has an immoderate love for sweets.

彼はお菓子に対して過度の愛情を持っています。

B2 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Indication

指示; 合図

Meaning

a sign or piece of information that indicates something; a suggestion or hint

Example

The dark clouds were a clear indication that a storm was approaching the area.

暗い雲は嵐がその地域に近づいていることを示す明確な指示でした。

C2 noun /ɪnˈsuːsiəns/

insouciance

無関心

Meaning

Casual lack of concern; indifference.

Example

She carried herself with an air of insouciance, unbothered by the challenges ahead.

彼女は無関心な態度で歩いていた、前にある挑戦を気にせずに。

C1 adjective /ɪˈmuː.və.bəl/

immovable

動かせない

Meaning

Not able to be moved; fixed in position.

Example

Immovable barriers prevent change.

動かせない障害物が変化を妨げる。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈækjərət/

Inaccurate

不正確; 間違っている; 誤り

Meaning

not correct; containing errors; wrong

Example

The weather forecast was inaccurate yesterday.

昨日の天気予報は不正確でした。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

Meaning

to drive, force, or urge someone to do something

Example

Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.

C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

幻想的な; 存在しているように見えるが実際には存在しない; 騙すような

Meaning

deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading

Example

The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.

簡単なお金の約束は幻想的であり、誤解を招くものでした。

B1 noun /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

ingredient

材料

Meaning

A component part or element of something, especially in a recipe.

Example

Flour is a key ingredient in baking bread.

小麦粉はパン作りにおける重要な材料です。

C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

起訴する

Meaning

to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime

Example

The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.

大陪審団は腐敗のために政治家を起訴することを決定した。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

未熟; 完全に発達していない; 子供っぽい

Meaning

not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish

Example

His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.

会議中の彼の未熟な行動は、皆を失望させました。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

無関心

Meaning

having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another

Example

She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.

彼女は試合の結果に無関心だった。

C2 noun /ˈɪrɪtənsi/

irritancy

苛立ち

Meaning

the quality or state of causing irritation; legal or formal invalidation

Example

The constant noise became an irritancy to the neighbors.

絶え間ない騒音は隣人にとって苛立ちの原因となりました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

煽る

Meaning

to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body

Example

The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.

政治家の発言は公共の意見を煽る結果になった。

B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

イスラームの

Meaning

relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings

Example

The city has many Islamic cultural centers.

その都市には多くのイスラーム文化センターがあります。

C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

不可逆な

Meaning

Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.

Example

The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.

火事によって生じた損害は不可逆でした。

B2 verb /ɪnˈsʌlt/

insult

侮辱する

Meaning

to speak or act in a way that hurts someone's feelings or shows disrespect

Example

He felt insulted by her rude comments.

彼は彼女の失礼なコメントで侮辱されたと感じた。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

無宗教

Meaning

Indifferent or hostile to religion

Example

Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.

コミュニティの中で、彼は宗教的なサービスに一度も参加しないため、無宗教だと考えられています。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

しつこい

Meaning

Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion

Example

The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.

しつこい販売員は、繰り返し拒否されても電話をかけ続けました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

傾向

Meaning

A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.

Example

She has an inclination towards helping others.

彼女は他の人を助ける傾向があります。

C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

勤勉

Meaning

The quality of being hardworking and diligent.

Example

His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.

彼の勤勉さは、仕事で昇進をもたらしました。

C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

欠かせないサポート

Meaning

Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.

Example

Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.

ボランティアはコミュニティに欠かせないサポートを提供しています。

B1 noun /ɪmˈprɛʃən/

impression

印象, 概念

Meaning

an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone

Example

The book gave me a good first impression.

その本は私に良い最初の印象を与えました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

Meaning

to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office

Example

She was inducted into the university's honor society.

C1 adverb ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪ.kli

intrinsically

本質的に

Meaning

In a way that is naturally or inherently part of something's essential nature.

Example

Some people are intrinsically motivated to learn.

いくつかの人々は本質的に学ぶことに動機づけられている。

B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

増加

Meaning

Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.

Example

Increasing awareness about education is necessary.

教育に対する認識を高めることが必要です。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

譲渡不可能

Meaning

Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.

Example

Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.

言論の自由は譲渡不可能な権利です。

B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

差し迫った

Meaning

About to happen; likely to occur very soon.

Example

Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.

暗い雲は嵐が迫っていることを示していた。

A2 noun /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/

importance

重要性

Meaning

The quality or state of being important; consequence or significance.

Example

The importance of time management cannot be overstated.

タイムマネジメントの重要性は過大評価できません。

C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

迫る

Meaning

to be about to happen; to loom threateningly

Example

Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.

暗い雲が嵐が迫っていることを示唆していた。

B2 adjective ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs

indigenous

先住民の

Meaning

Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

Example

Indigenous plants are well adapted to the local environment.

先住民の植物は地元の環境にうまく適応しています。

C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

埋め込む

Meaning

To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.

Example

The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.

ジャーナリストは部隊に埋め込まれて、最前線から報告を行った。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

inarticulate

言葉が不明瞭

Meaning

Unable to express oneself clearly or effectively in speech or writing.

Example

She became inarticulate with emotion during the speech.

彼女はスピーチ中に感情で言葉が不明瞭になった。

C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

内省する

Meaning

To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.

Example

He often introspects before making important decisions.

彼は重要な決定を下す前にしばしば自己分析をします。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈtriːvəbl/

irretrievable

回復不可能

Meaning

impossible to recover or regain

Example

The documents were lost in an irretrievable way after the fire.

火事の後、文書は回復不可能な方法で失われました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

疑う余地がない

Meaning

Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.

Example

It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.

努力すれば成功に繋がることは疑う余地がない。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbl/

incontrovertible

論争の余地がない

Meaning

impossible to deny or dispute; unquestionable

Example

The evidence was incontrovertible and proved his innocence.

その証拠は論争の余地がなく、彼の無罪を証明しました。

C2 verb /aɪˈdɒləˌtraɪz/

idolatrize

偶像崇拝

Meaning

To worship idols; to regard with excessive devotion or admiration.

Example

They began to idolatrize the statue as a deity.

彼らはその像を神として崇拝し始めました。

A2 adjective, noun /ɪˈtæliən/

italian

幸福

Meaning

relating to Italy, its people, or its language; a person from Italy

Example

She loves Italian food.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せませんでした。

B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈviːn/

intervene

介入する

Meaning

To come between people, groups, or events, often to prevent conflict or improve a situation.

Example

The teacher had to intervene to stop the fight between the students.

教師は生徒たちの間で喧嘩を止めるために介入しなければならなかった。

C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

無期限で

Meaning

for an unlimited or unspecified period of time

Example

The project has been postponed indefinitely.

プロジェクトは無期限で延期されました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/

inherent

固有の

Meaning

Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.

Example

There are inherent risks in extreme sports.

エクストリームスポーツには固有のリスクが存在する。

B1 verb ɪnˈspaɪər

inspire

インスパイアする

Meaning

To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially creative or noble.

Example

Artemis seeks to inspire future generations.

アルテミスは未来の世代にインスパイアを与えようとしています。

C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

魚類学

Meaning

The branch of zoology that deals with fish.

Example

He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.

彼は大学で魚類学の学位を取得した。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

不完全さ

Meaning

the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness

Example

The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.

レポートの不完全さがプロジェクトの遅れを引き起こした。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

不節制な

Meaning

Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.

Example

The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.

政治家の不節制な発言は論争を引き起こした。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直感的

Meaning

Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.

Example

The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.

そのソフトウェアは直感的なデザインを持っており、使いやすいです。

C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

複雑さ

Meaning

the quality of being very detailed or complicated

Example

The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.

デザインの複雑さは全員を感動させました。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

攻略不可能

Meaning

Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.

Example

The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.

その要塞は敵によって攻略不可能と見なされていました。

A2 noun, verb /ˈɪʃuː/

issue

問題, 発行, 配布

Meaning

A problem, topic, or the act of supplying or distributing something.

Example

The magazine will issue a new edition next week.

雑誌は来週新しい版を発行します。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

好奇心旺盛な

Meaning

Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.

Example

The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.

好奇心旺盛な子供は星について無限に質問をしました。

B2 noun /ɪˈluː.ʒən/

Illusion

幻想

Meaning

a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted; a false idea or belief

Example

The magician created a spectacular illusion that made the elephant appear to vanish.

魔術師は壮観な幻想を作り、象が消えるように見えました。

C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪɡəl/

inveigle

誘惑する

Meaning

To persuade someone to do something by deception or flattery.

Example

She inveigled him into signing the contract.

彼女は彼に契約書に署名させた。

C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

無関係性

Meaning

the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand

Example

The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.

裁判官はその主張が事件と無関係であるとして退けた。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsəbəl/

impassable

通行不可能

Meaning

Impossible to travel along or over.

Example

The road became impassable after the heavy snowfall.

大雪の後、道は通行不可能になりました。

C2 verb /ɪnˈdɒktrɪˌneɪt/

indoctrinate

教義を押し付ける

Meaning

To teach someone to fully accept a set of beliefs or ideas without question.

Example

The regime tried to indoctrinate the youth with propaganda.

その政権は宣伝を通じて若者を洗脳しようとした。

C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

硬化する

Meaning

To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.

Example

Years of hardship indurated his spirit.

長年の困難が彼の精神を鍛えました。

C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

島国性

Meaning

The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.

Example

The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.

グループの島国性は新しいアイデアを受け入れることを妨げた。

B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

衝動; 突然の欲求

Meaning

a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation

Example

She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.

彼女は衝動で高価なドレスを買い、後でその購入を後悔しました。

C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

干渉者

Meaning

A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.

Example

He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.

彼はプライベートな家族の集まりで干渉者のように感じた。

C1 noun /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪtər/

incubator

インキュベーター

Meaning

a device or environment that provides suitable conditions for eggs, cells, or infants to develop

Example

The premature baby was placed in an incubator for care.

未熟児はケアのためにインキュベーターに入れられました。

B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

統合。統一。

Meaning

The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.

Example

Integration of networks will improve global communication.

ネットワークの統合は、グローバルなコミュニケーションを改善します。

B1 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrməl/

Informal

非公式; リラックス; カジュアル

Meaning

relaxed and friendly; not official or ceremonial; casual

Example

The meeting was informal and relaxed.

会議は非公式でリラックスしていました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

注入

Meaning

the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid

Example

She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.

彼女はカモミールティーの落ち着く注入を準備しました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

侵害する

Meaning

To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.

Example

Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.

許可なくこのソフトウェアをコピーすると著作権法を侵害することになります。

C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

怒りっぽい

Meaning

Easily angered; quick-tempered.

Example

His irascible nature often got him into trouble.

彼の怒りっぽい性格はよくトラブルを引き起こしていた。

C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiˌɛri/

intermediary

仲介者

Meaning

A person who acts as a link between people in order to try to bring about an agreement; a mediator.

Example

The diplomat served as an intermediary between the two conflicting nations.

外交官は二つの対立する国々の間で仲介者として機能した。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

無頓着

Meaning

Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.

Example

He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.

彼は無頓着に肩をすくめて、歩き去った。

C2 noun /ɪnˈkɒnstənsi/

inconstancy

不安定さ

Meaning

The quality of changing frequently or being unreliable.

Example

The inconstancy of the weather makes planning difficult.

天候の不安定さが計画を難しくします。

A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

それの

Meaning

Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.

Example

The company changed its logo last year.

会社は昨年そのロゴを変更しました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

内的意味

Meaning

The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.

Example

The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.

'犬'という言葉のインテンションには哺乳類であり、飼いならされたことが含まれます。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

非アクティブ

Meaning

not active; not working; dormant; idle

Example

The volcano has been inactive for over a century.

この火山は1世紀以上も活動していない。

C2 noun /ˈaɪdɪl/

idyll

田園詩的なシーン

Meaning

An extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque episode or scene, often idealized.

Example

Their honeymoon was an idyll on a tropical island.

彼らのハネムーンは熱帯の島での田園詩的なシーンでした。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɒlərənt/

intolerant

不寛容

Meaning

unwilling to accept or respect beliefs or behavior different from one's own

Example

He is intolerant of any opinion that differs from his own.

彼は自分の意見と異なる意見を全く容認しません。

B1 noun ˌɪndɪˈpendəns

independence

独立

Meaning

The fact or state of being independent; freedom from outside control; not being subject to another's authority.

Example

Independence inspired the movement.

独立は運動を刺激した。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

管理不能

Meaning

Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.

Example

The conflict has become an intractable problem.

その対立は管理不能な問題になった。

C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

流入

Meaning

The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.

Example

The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.

観光客の流入が地域経済を活性化させた。

B2 noun, verb /ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns/

inconvenience

不便

Meaning

trouble or difficulty caused to someone; to cause trouble or difficulty to someone

Example

We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the delay.

遅延によって生じた不便についてお詫びします。

C2 noun /ˈɪnroʊd/

inroad

進展

Meaning

An advance or significant progress, often at the expense of something else.

Example

The company made significant inroads into the mobile market.

その会社はモバイル市場で重要な進展を遂げました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

読めない

Meaning

Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.

Example

The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.

医者の手書きはほとんど読めなかった。

C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

無効

Meaning

Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.

Example

The court declared the contract invalid.

裁判所は契約を無効と宣言した。

B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

統合された

Meaning

Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.

Example

Integrated systems optimize efficiency.

統合されたシステムは効率を最適化します。

C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

イントネーション

Meaning

The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.

Example

His inflection kept the audience engaged.

彼のイントネーションは観客を引きつけた。

C2 verb /ɪnˈdɛmnɪfaɪ/

indemnify

Meaning

to compensate someone for harm or loss; to secure against future damage or cost

Example

The insurance company agreed to indemnify the client for the damages.

C2 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈmɪt/

intromit

挿入する

Meaning

To insert or introduce something into a place or body.

Example

The doctor carefully intromitted the instrument into the wound.

医者は慎重に器具を傷口に挿入しました。

B2 noun /aɪˈdiː/

id

身分証明書

Meaning

identification; a document or number used to prove who someone is

Example

Please show your ID at the entrance.

入口で身分証明書を提示してください。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

無形の

Meaning

Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.

Example

Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.

信頼は関係において無形の特質です。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti/

impropriety

不正行為

Meaning

Failure to observe standards of honesty or modesty; improper behavior.

Example

The politician was accused of financial impropriety.

その政治家は財政的不正行為で告発されました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

過度の

Meaning

Excessive or unusually large in degree.

Example

She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.

彼女は電話に過度の時間を費やしました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

反乱者

Meaning

A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.

Example

The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.

軍隊は攻撃後、数人の反乱者を逮捕した。

B1 noun ɪmˈpruːv.mənts

improvements

改善

Meaning

The action of making or becoming better; an instance of something becoming or being made better.

Example

Continuous improvements increase productivity.

継続的な改善は生産性を高めます。

C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

少しずつ

Meaning

Gradually, little by little.

Example

The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.

その古い城は少しずつ廃墟になった。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrmənt/

interment

埋葬

Meaning

The act of burying a dead body in a grave or tomb.

Example

The interment took place at the family cemetery.

埋葬は家族の墓地で行われました。