B2 noun /ˈɪntərfeɪs/

interface

インターフェイス

Meaning

a point where two systems, subjects, or organizations meet and interact

Example

The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly.

ユーザーインターフェイスは直感的で使いやすく設計されています。

C2 noun /ˌɪlɪbəˈræləti/

illiberality

不寛容

Meaning

The quality of being illiberal; lack of tolerance or generosity.

Example

The illiberality of the new laws alarmed the citizens.

新しい法律の不寛容が市民を驚かせました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈtriːvəbl/

irretrievable

回復不可能

Meaning

impossible to recover or regain

Example

The documents were lost in an irretrievable way after the fire.

火事の後、文書は回復不可能な方法で失われました。

C1 adjective /ˈɪnbɔːrn/

Inborn

生まれつきの; 生来の; 内在的な

Meaning

existing from birth; natural; inherent

Example

She has an inborn talent for music.

彼女は音楽のための生まれつきの才能を持っています。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

無宗教

Meaning

Indifferent or hostile to religion

Example

Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.

コミュニティの中で、彼は宗教的なサービスに一度も参加しないため、無宗教だと考えられています。

C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

灌漑する

Meaning

to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water

Example

Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.

農家は乾季に畑に灌漑を行います。

B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

不適切な; 不正確な; 不適当な

Meaning

inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable

Example

It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.

ビジネス会議で個人的な事柄を議論するのは不適切です。

C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

偶像視する

Meaning

To admire or worship someone excessively.

Example

Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.

ファンはしばしばその才能とライフスタイルのために有名人を偶像視します。

C2 noun /ɪˈnɪkwɪti/

iniquity

不正

Meaning

Immoral or grossly unfair behavior.

Example

The dictator's regime was marked by corruption and iniquity.

独裁者の政権は腐敗と不正で特徴づけられていました。

C2 noun /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/

indentation

インデント

Meaning

A space left at the beginning of a line of text; a notch or deep recess on a surface.

Example

The teacher asked the students to use proper indentation in their essays.

先生は学生にエッセイで適切なインデントを使用するように頼みました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

幸せ

Meaning

causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion

Example

His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せそうな表情を隠せなかった。

C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

不動

Meaning

The state of being unable to move.

Example

After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.

事故の後、彼女は足の不動に苦しみました。

C2 adjective /ɪˈrædɪkəbəl/

irradicable

根絶不可能な

Meaning

not able to be eradicated; impossible to destroy or remove completely

Example

The love of a mother for her child is irradicable.

母親の子供への愛は根絶不可能です。

B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/

inconsistent

一貫性がない

Meaning

Not staying the same throughout; lacking harmony or regularity.

Example

His answers were inconsistent and confusing.

彼の答えは一貫性がなく、混乱を招いた。

C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

非効率

Meaning

The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.

Example

Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.

政府の非効率性がプロジェクトの完了を遅らせる。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

硬化層

Meaning

a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something

Example

The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.

古いパイプは鉱物の重い硬化層によって詰まっていました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruənt/

incongruent

不一致な

Meaning

Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects.

Example

His casual outfit looked incongruent at the formal dinner.

彼のカジュアルな服装は正式なディナーで不一致に見えた。

C2 adjective /ɪɡˈnoʊ.bəl/

Ignoble

卑劣; 恥ずべき; 不名誉

Meaning

dishonorable; not noble in character; base or mean

Example

His ignoble actions betrayed his friends' trust.

彼の卑劣な行動は友人たちの信頼を裏切った。

B1 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intention

意図

Meaning

A plan, aim, or purpose behind an action.

Example

Her intention was to finish the project before the deadline.

彼女の意図はプロジェクトを締め切り前に終わらせることだった。

C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

迷惑的

Meaning

annoying or irritating

Example

Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.

長い列に並んでいるのは、最も迷惑な作業の一つです。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl̩/

insatiable

満たされない

Meaning

impossible to satisfy; always wanting more

Example

Her insatiable curiosity drove her to read every book in the library.

彼女の満たされない好奇心は、図書館のすべての本を読むように彼女を駆り立てた。

C2 adverb /ˈaɪsɪli/

icily

冷たく

Meaning

In a very cold, unfriendly, or hostile manner.

Example

She replied icily to his question.

彼女は冷たく彼の質問に答えた。

B1 adverb /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

increasingly

ますます

Meaning

more and more over time

Example

People are increasingly concerned about climate change.

人々は気候変動についてますます懸念しています。

C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

不可能性

Meaning

the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved

Example

Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.

一日でそのプロジェクトを終えるのは不可能だった。

A1 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ/

interesting

面白い

Meaning

Arousing curiosity or attention; holding one’s interest.

Example

The documentary about space was very interesting.

宇宙についてのドキュメンタリーはとても面白かった。

C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

間作農業

Meaning

The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.

Example

Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.

間作農業は土壌の肥沃度と害虫管理の向上に役立ちます。

C2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈɡreʃ.ən/

introgression

遺伝子流入

Meaning

The transfer of genetic information from one species to another through repeated backcrossing.

Example

Introgression plays a significant role in plant breeding.

イントログレッションは植物育種において重要な役割を果たします。

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

無差別

Meaning

Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.

Example

The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.

農薬の無差別な使用は環境に害を与えます。

C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

無関係性

Meaning

the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance

Example

His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.

彼の長い説明は、細部が主な問題と無関係であることを強調しただけだった。

C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

完璧

Meaning

perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws

Example

Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.

彼女の部屋は完璧で、すべてが所定の位置にありました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/

invidious

妬ましい

Meaning

likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others

Example

The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.

マネージャーの妬ましいコメントは、従業員の間に緊張を生み出しました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

不活動

Meaning

the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action

Example

Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.

長期間の不活動は身体的および精神的健康に悪影響を与えます。

C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

非合理性, 非論理性, 不合理

Meaning

The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.

Example

His decision was driven by complete irrationality.

彼の決定は完全に非合理的でした。

B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

象徴的な

Meaning

Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.

Example

The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.

"それは最良の時代だった…"というセリフは象徴的です。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

承認

Meaning

An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.

Example

The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.

その本は教会の正式な承認を得て出版されました。

B2 adjective /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/

implicit

暗黙の

Meaning

Suggested or understood without being directly stated.

Example

Her trust in him was implicit.

彼女の彼に対する信頼は暗黙のものでした。

B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

感染させる

Meaning

To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.

Example

The virus can infect healthy people quickly.

ウイルスは健康な人々を迅速に感染させることができます。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

無関心

Meaning

having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another

Example

She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.

彼女は試合の結果に無関心だった。

A2 noun/verb /ˈɪntrəst/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛst/

interest

興味 / 利子

Meaning

A feeling of curiosity or concern about something; or money paid for the use of borrowed money.

Example

He showed great interest in learning new languages.

彼は新しい言語を学ぶことに大きな興味を示しました。

C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

調査

Meaning

A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.

Example

The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.

調査は事故の原因を明らかにしました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

不適切な

Meaning

not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate

Example

His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.

彼の不適切な発言は会議の雰囲気を台無しにしました。

B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

課す

Meaning

To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.

Example

Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.

汚染は環境に有害な影響を課します。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

impersonal

無個性

Meaning

not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings; lacking human warmth or emotion

Example

The letter was written in a very impersonal style.

その手紙は非常に無個性的なスタイルで書かれていました。

C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/

isothermal

等温

Meaning

Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.

Example

The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.

実験は等温条件で行われました。

B2 adjective + noun aɪˈdiːəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt

ideal environment

理想的な環境

Meaning

Perfect or most suitable conditions for growth or development

Example

Winter creates an ideal environment for vegetable growth.

冬は野菜の成長に理想的な環境を作り出します。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

無礼

Meaning

lack of respect; rudeness

Example

The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.

教師は生徒の無礼さに驚いた。

B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/

inhale

吸う

Meaning

to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs

Example

Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.

深く息を吸い、ゆっくり吸い込みます。

B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

衝動; 突然の欲求

Meaning

a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation

Example

She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.

彼女は衝動で高価なドレスを買い、後でその購入を後悔しました。

C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

アイデア創出

Meaning

The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.

Example

The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.

チームは新製品のアイデアを生み出すためにアイデーションセッションに取り組んだ。

C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

しつこく頼む

Meaning

asked someone persistently and pressingly for something

Example

She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.

彼女は昇給を求めて上司にしつこく頼んだ、彼がとうとう折れたまで。

B2 noun ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən

innovation

革新

Meaning

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, product, etc.

Example

Innovation drives solutions to global challenges.

革新は世界的な課題への解決策を促進します。

C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

イントネーション

Meaning

The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.

Example

His inflection kept the audience engaged.

彼のイントネーションは観客を引きつけた。

C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

扇動する

Meaning

To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.

Example

He was accused of instigating the riot.

彼は暴動を扇動したとして告発された。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbl/

inextricable

分けられない

Meaning

Impossible to separate or escape from.

Example

The two friends shared an inextricable bond.

二人の友達は分けられない絆を共有していた。

A2 adjective ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl

international

国際的な

Meaning

Existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations and their citizens.

Example

International standards improve competitiveness.

国際基準は競争力を高めます。

C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

愚かさ

Meaning

extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness

Example

The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.

安全プロトコルを無視する決定は、すべての人を危険にさらす純粋な愚かさでした。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

inopportune

タイミングが悪い瞬間

Meaning

Happening at a bad or inconvenient time.

Example

His call came at the most inopportune moment.

彼の電話は最もタイミングが悪い瞬間にかかってきた。

C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

相互運用性

Meaning

The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.

Example

The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.

異なるソフトウェアシステムの相互運用性は、シームレスな作業の流れを確保します。

C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

帰する

Meaning

to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone

Example

They imputed the company's success to good leadership.

彼らは会社の成功を良いリーダーシップに帰属させた。

C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

義務的な

Meaning

necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.

Example

It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.

すべての市民が法律を守るのは義務である。

C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

インデックス

Meaning

plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison

Example

Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.

発表後、株式市場のインデックスは急落しました。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/

imprecation

呪い

Meaning

A spoken curse or expression of strong condemnation.

Example

The angry crowd hurled imprecations at the corrupt official.

怒った群衆は腐敗した役人に呪いを投げかけた。

C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

迫る

Meaning

to be about to happen; to loom threateningly

Example

Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.

暗い雲が嵐が迫っていることを示唆していた。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

重要でない

Meaning

Not important or significant; too small to matter.

Example

The mistake was minor and inconsequential.

その間違いは小さく、重要ではありませんでした。

C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

田園詩のように美しい

Meaning

Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.

Example

They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.

彼らは海辺で田園詩のような休暇を楽しみました。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.tənt/

impenitent

後悔しない

Meaning

Not feeling regret or shame about one's actions.

Example

The criminal remained impenitent after the trial.

犯人は裁判後も後悔しないままでした。

C1 adjective /ɪˈmjuː.tə.bəl/

immutable

不変の

Meaning

Unchangeable, permanent, or fixed

Example

The laws of physics are considered immutable.

物理法則は不変と見なされます。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈflɛksəbl/

inflexible

柔軟性がない

Meaning

Not able to bend or change; unwilling to change ideas or behavior.

Example

His inflexible attitude made negotiations difficult.

彼の柔軟性がない態度は交渉を難しくしました。

B2 noun /ɪnˈkluːʒən/

inclusion

インクルージョン

Meaning

the action or state of including or being included within a group or structure

Example

Diversity and inclusion are key values in modern workplaces.

多様性とインクルージョンは現代の職場における重要な価値観です。

B1 verb /ɪnˈsɪst/

insist

主張する

Meaning

to demand firmly; to state persistently

Example

He insisted on paying the bill.

彼は請求書の支払いを主張しました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

付随的

Meaning

happening as a minor part or in connection with something else

Example

Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.

スナックやチップのような付随的な費用は請求書に含まれていました。

C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

小さな島

Meaning

A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.

Example

They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.

彼らは美しい熱帯の島でハネムーンを過ごしました。

C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

浸透、秘密のアクセス

Meaning

The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.

Example

Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.

サイバーセキュリティは、機密データへの浸透を防ぎます。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

寛容な

Meaning

Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.

Example

The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.

寛容な母は子供を遅くまで起きていることを許しました。

C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

内省する

Meaning

To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.

Example

He often introspects before making important decisions.

彼は重要な決定を下す前にしばしば自己分析をします。

C2 noun /ˈɪndɪkənt/

indicant

指標

Meaning

Something that indicates or points to a fact or condition.

Example

High fever is often an indicant of infection.

高熱はしばしば感染の指標となります。

C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

慣れる

Meaning

To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.

兵士たちはすぐに過酷な状況に慣れました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

侮辱的な言葉

Meaning

Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.

Example

The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.

その政治家の演説は、対立候補に対する侮辱的な言葉で満ちていた。

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

重要な方法で

Meaning

in a way that is of great significance or value

Example

Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.

重要な方法で、報告書は即時の行動の必要性を強調しました。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɒlərənt/

intolerant

不寛容

Meaning

unwilling to accept or respect beliefs or behavior different from one's own

Example

He is intolerant of any opinion that differs from his own.

彼は自分の意見と異なる意見を全く容認しません。

Meaning

Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.

Example

Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.

B1 abbreviation /ˌaɪˈiː/

ie

すなわち

Meaning

That is to say; used to clarify or explain something more precisely.

Example

Many amphibians, i.e., frogs and salamanders, can live both in water and on land.

多くの両生類、すなわちカエルとサラマンダーは、水中と陸上の両方で生きることができます。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

しつこい

Meaning

Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion

Example

The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.

しつこい販売員は、繰り返し拒否されても電話をかけ続けました。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

内向

Meaning

The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.

Example

Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.

彼女の内向的な性格は、大きなパーティーを楽しむのを難しくした。

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

軽率

Meaning

Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.

Example

It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.

公衆の面前で計画について言及するのは軽率だった。

C1 noun /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

incitement

扇動

Meaning

the action of provoking unlawful or violent behavior

Example

He was arrested for incitement to riot.

彼は暴動を扇動した罪で逮捕された。

C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

イリアス

Meaning

An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.

Example

Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.

学生たちはイリアスを学び、ギリシャ神話と英雄主義を理解しました。

B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

instruction

指示

Meaning

Detailed information telling how something should be done or operated.

Example

Please read the instruction carefully before using the machine.

機械を使用する前に指示をよく読んでください。

B2 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrt/

insert

挿入する

Meaning

to put or place something into something else

Example

Please insert the key into the lock.

鍵をロックに挿入してください。

C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

慣性; 活動の欠如

Meaning

a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement

Example

The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.

チームの慣性は、急速に変化する市場の状況に適応するのを妨げました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

切り離せない

Meaning

Unable to be separated or always together.

Example

The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.

二人の友達は子供の頃から切り離せないです。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

耐えられない

Meaning

Too extreme or difficult to be endured.

Example

The heat was insupportable during the long journey.

長い旅の間、暑さは耐えられなかった。

C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

投獄する

Meaning

to imprison or confine someone

Example

The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.

当局は裁判後に犯罪者を投獄しました。

C1 noun /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛləti/

infidelity

不倫

Meaning

the act of being unfaithful to a spouse or partner

Example

Their marriage ended due to his infidelity.

彼らの結婚は彼の不倫が原因で終わった。

B2 verb /ɪmˈprɪzən/

imprison

投獄する

Meaning

to put someone in prison; to confine or restrict someone's freedom

Example

The judge imprisoned the criminal for five years.

裁判官は犯罪者を5年間投獄しました。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒmp.tjuː/

impromptu

即興

Meaning

Done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed; spontaneous.

Example

He gave an impromptu speech at the event.

彼はイベントで即興のスピーチを行いました。

B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

誠実

Meaning

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.

Example

Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.

教師のインテグリティは、積極的な学習環境を促進します。

A2 noun /ˈɪn.sekt/

Insect

昆虫

Meaning

a small invertebrate animal with six legs and usually one or two pairs of wings

Example

The butterfly is a beautiful insect that flies from flower to flower.

蝶は花から花へと飛ぶ美しい昆虫です。

A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

それ自身

Meaning

Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.

Example

The cat cleaned itself after eating.

猫は食べた後、自分で自分をきれいにした。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

稀な

Meaning

Happening rarely or not often.

Example

He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.

彼は海外に移住した後、故郷にあまり頻繁に訪れることはありませんでした。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

非互換性

Meaning

the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility

Example

The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.

2つのソフトウェアシステムの非互換性のため、そのプロジェクトは失敗した。

C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

祈願

Meaning

the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration

Example

The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.

儀式は神々への祈願から始まりました。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

内省

Meaning

The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.

Example

Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.

内省を通じて、彼女は自分の感情に対する深い洞察を得ました。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkənˈɡruːəti/

incongruity

不一致

Meaning

The state of being inconsistent or out of place.

Example

The incongruity of his cheerful mood during the funeral shocked everyone.

葬式の最中に彼の陽気な気分の不一致は、皆を驚かせました。

B2 noun /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tər/

Interpreter

通訳者; 翻訳者;

Meaning

a person who translates orally from one language into another; someone who explains meaning

Example

The international conference hired professional interpreters to translate speeches in real time.

国際会議は、スピーチをリアルタイムで翻訳するためにプロの通訳者を雇いました。

C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

敵対的 / 不利な

Meaning

tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.

その政策は国の経済成長に不利だった。

B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

インフルエンサー, 商品を勧める人

Meaning

A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.

Example

Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.

ソーシャルメディアのインフルエンサーは消費者の好みを形作っています。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɛvəˈrɛnʃəl/

irreverential

無礼な

Meaning

Showing a lack of respect for things that are generally taken seriously.

Example

His irreverential humor often shocked traditional audiences.

彼の無礼なユーモアはしばしば伝統的な観客を驚かせました。

B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

真似る

Meaning

to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something

Example

Children often imitate their parents' behavior.

子供たちはしばしば親の行動を真似します。

C2 verb /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/

incapacitate

無力化する

Meaning

to deprive someone or something of the ability or strength to function

Example

The severe injury incapacitated the player for the rest of the season.

その重傷はプレーヤーをシーズンの残りの期間無力化させた。

B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

違法

Meaning

Not allowed by law; unlawful.

Example

It is illegal to drive without a valid license.

有効な免許なしで運転することは違法です。

B2 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Indication

指示; 合図

Meaning

a sign or piece of information that indicates something; a suggestion or hint

Example

The dark clouds were a clear indication that a storm was approaching the area.

暗い雲は嵐がその地域に近づいていることを示す明確な指示でした。

C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

傾向

Meaning

A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.

Example

She has an inclination towards helping others.

彼女は他の人を助ける傾向があります。

C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

効果がない

Meaning

Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.

Example

The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.

マネージャーの効果がないリーダーシップは、チームがモチベーションを失う原因となった。

A2 adverb /ˌɪnˈdɔːrz/

indoors

屋内で

Meaning

inside a building; within an enclosed space

Example

Because of the rain, everyone stayed indoors.

雨のため、みんな屋内で過ごしました。

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

宗教的な画像やシンボル

Meaning

A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Example

The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.

教会は美しく描かれた聖母マリアのアイコンを展示しました。