B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

課す

Meaning

To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.

Example

Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.

汚染は環境に有害な影響を課します。

B1 verb /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

indicate

示す

Meaning

to point out; to show or suggest; to be a sign of

Example

The red light indicates that you should stop.

赤い信号は停止すべきことを示しています。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈklaɪnd/

inclined

傾向がある

Meaning

having a tendency or disposition toward something

Example

He is inclined to help those in need.

彼は困っている人々を助ける傾向がある。

C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

不可逆な

Meaning

Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.

Example

The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.

火事によって生じた損害は不可逆でした。

C2 adjective /ɪˈlɪmɪtəbl/

illimitable

無限

Meaning

Without limits or bounds.

Example

The universe is often described as illimitable.

宇宙はしばしば無限であると説明されます。

C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪɡəl/

inveigle

誘惑する

Meaning

To persuade someone to do something by deception or flattery.

Example

She inveigled him into signing the contract.

彼女は彼に契約書に署名させた。

A1 preposition /ˈɪntuː/

into

中へ

Meaning

expressing movement or direction to the inside of something

Example

She walked into the room quietly.

彼女は静かに部屋に入った。

B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

氷のような; 非常に冷たい; 敵対的

Meaning

extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The icy wind made everyone shiver.

氷のような風が皆を震えさせた。

B2 verb /ˈɪl.ə.streɪt/

illustrate

説明する

Meaning

to explain or make something clear by using examples, pictures, or comparisons

Example

The teacher used diagrams to illustrate the concept.

先生はその概念を説明するために図を使いました。

C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

浸透

Meaning

to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group

Example

The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.

スパイたちは敵基地に infiltrate できた。

C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

冷静沈着

Meaning

Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.

Example

His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.

彼の冷静沈着な性格は、彼を偉大なリーダーにした。

A2 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

interested

興味がある

Meaning

Showing curiosity or concern about something.

Example

She is very interested in learning new languages.

彼女は新しい言語を学ぶことにとても興味がある。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

未熟; 完全に発達していない; 子供っぽい

Meaning

not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish

Example

His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.

会議中の彼の未熟な行動は、皆を失望させました。

C2 noun /ˌɪnjuːˈɛndəʊ/

innuendo

暗示

Meaning

An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.

Example

The manager's innuendo was directed towards his competitor.

マネージャーの暗示は競争相手に向けられていました。

A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

それ自身

Meaning

Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.

Example

The cat cleaned itself after eating.

猫は食べた後、自分で自分をきれいにした。

B2 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

Industrial Revolution

産業革命

Meaning

The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery and characterized by the use of steam power and the growth of factories.

Example

The Industrial Revolution marked a shift in production processes.

産業革命は生産プロセスにおける変化を示しました。

A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

招待する

Meaning

to ask someone to come to an event or to do something

Example

We should invite all our friends to the party.

パーティーに友達を招待するべきです。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

一貫性のない

Meaning

Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.

Example

His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.

彼の説明はあまりにも一貫性がなく、誰もそれを追うことができませんでした。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsəns/

incandescence

白熱光

Meaning

the emission of light from a hot object; brilliance

Example

The incandescence of the candle filled the dark room.

ろうそくの白熱光が暗い部屋を満たしました。

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

impatiently

いらいらして

Meaning

in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting

Example

She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.

彼女は返事を待ちながらいらいらして指を叩いていた。

C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

逆転

Meaning

A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.

Example

In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.

詩では、逆転は強調を作るためによく使われます。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

衝動的な, 直感的な

Meaning

acting suddenly without careful thought

Example

She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.

彼女は衝動的な決定で車を買うことにしました。

C2 verb /ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt/

incinerate

焼却する

Meaning

to burn something completely until it is reduced to ashes

Example

The city decided to incinerate the medical waste for safety.

その都市は安全のために医療廃棄物を焼却することを決定しました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈklɛmɛnt/

inclement

悪天候

Meaning

unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy (usually weather)

Example

The match was canceled due to inclement weather.

試合は悪天候のためキャンセルされました。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈplaɪəbl/

impliable

暗示可能な

Meaning

Capable of being implied or suggested.

Example

The meaning of the statement is not directly clear but is impliable from the context.

その声明の意味は直接的には明確ではないが、文脈から推測可能である。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊətɪv/

inchoative

初期の

Meaning

relating to the beginning of something; in an initial stage

Example

The poet used inchoative expressions to depict the dawn of creation.

詩人は創造の夜明けを描くために初期の表現を使いました。

C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

間作農業

Meaning

The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.

Example

Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.

間作農業は土壌の肥沃度と害虫管理の向上に役立ちます。

C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

指示的

Meaning

Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.

Example

His tone was indicative of his frustration.

彼のトーンは彼のフラストレーションを示していた。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsənt/

iridescent

虹色の

Meaning

showing luminous colors that seem to change when seen from different angles

Example

She wore an iridescent dress that sparkled in the light.

彼女は光の中で輝く虹色のドレスを着ていました。

B2 verb /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

integrate

統合する

Meaning

To combine or bring together into a unified whole.

Example

The new system integrates data from multiple sources.

新しいシステムは複数のソースからデータを統合します。

C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

幸福

Meaning

closely connected or twisted together

Example

Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

学際的

Meaning

Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.

Example

The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.

教育における学際的アプローチは、問題解決スキルを向上させる。

C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

不謹慎

Meaning

lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper

Example

The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.

その記事は不謹慎な語調で批判された。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

詐欺師; 偽者

Meaning

a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud

Example

The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.

詐欺師は医者だとみんなを納得させましたが、彼の偽の資格が発覚するまでそれが続きました。

B2 noun ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən

intervention

介入

Meaning

The action or process of intervening; involvement in a situation to improve or help it.

Example

The intervention of the UN was crucial in resolving the conflict.

国連の介入は紛争を解決する上で重要だった。

A2 adjective /ɪl/

Ill

病気; 不調; 健康状態が悪い

Meaning

sick; unwell; in poor health

Example

He felt ill and decided to stay home from work.

彼は気分が悪く、仕事を休んで家にいることに決めました。

C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

同位体

Meaning

Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Example

Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.

炭素-14は化石の年代を測定するために使用される放射性同位体です。

C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

止められない軍隊

Meaning

This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.

Example

The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.

反乱軍は自分たちの砦に近づいてくる止められない軍隊を恐れていた。

C2 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tʃər/

Imposture

偽装; 詐欺; 虚偽

Meaning

the practice of deceiving others by pretending to be someone else; fraudulent deception

Example

The elaborate imposture lasted for months before investigators uncovered the truth.

その精巧な詐欺は数ヶ月続き、調査員が真実を明らかにするまで続いた。

C2 adjective /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/

infantile

幼稚な

Meaning

characteristic of an infant; childish

Example

His infantile behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.

彼の幼稚な行動は会議でみんなを困らせた。

C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

推論

Meaning

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.

Example

Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.

科学者たちは実験データに基づいて推論を行います。

B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊzd/

imposed

課す

Meaning

forced something to be accepted or put in place

Example

The government imposed new regulations on the industry.

政府は産業に新しい規制を課した。

B2 verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/

imply

暗示する

Meaning

To suggest something without directly stating it.

Example

Her tone seemed to imply that she was upset.

彼女の口調は、彼女が怒っていることを示唆しているようでした。

C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

魚類学

Meaning

The branch of zoology that deals with fish.

Example

He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.

彼は大学で魚類学の学位を取得した。

B2 noun /ɪnˈsɪstəns/

insistence

強い要求

Meaning

the act of demanding something firmly or repeatedly

Example

At his insistence, we stayed longer.

彼の強い要求で、私たちは長く滞在しました。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒmp.tjuː/

impromptu

即興

Meaning

Done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed; spontaneous.

Example

He gave an impromptu speech at the event.

彼はイベントで即興のスピーチを行いました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl̩/

irreproachable

非の打ち所がない

Meaning

Beyond criticism; faultless.

Example

The judge was known for his irreproachable integrity.

その裁判官は非の打ち所がない誠実さで知られていた。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

内的意味

Meaning

The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.

Example

The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.

'犬'という言葉のインテンションには哺乳類であり、飼いならされたことが含まれます。

B1 noun ˌɪndɪˈpendəns

independence

独立

Meaning

The fact or state of being independent; freedom from outside control; not being subject to another's authority.

Example

Independence inspired the movement.

独立は運動を刺激した。

C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

ちなみに

Meaning

by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject

Example

Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?

ちなみに、彼女がパリで勉強していたことを知っていましたか？

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

無意識

Meaning

Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.

Example

He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.

彼は雪の中で横たわっているとき、寒さに無意識でした。

C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

偶像視する

Meaning

To admire or worship someone excessively.

Example

Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.

ファンはしばしばその才能とライフスタイルのために有名人を偶像視します。

B2 adjective + noun aɪˈdiːəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt

ideal environment

理想的な環境

Meaning

Perfect or most suitable conditions for growth or development

Example

Winter creates an ideal environment for vegetable growth.

冬は野菜の成長に理想的な環境を作り出します。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

不完全さ

Meaning

the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness

Example

The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.

レポートの不完全さがプロジェクトの遅れを引き起こした。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

衝動的な

Meaning

Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.

Example

His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.

彼の衝動的な決断は予想外の結果を招いた。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

内向

Meaning

The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.

Example

Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.

彼女の内向的な性格は、大きなパーティーを楽しむのを難しくした。

C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈlɪdɪti/

invalidity

無効性

Meaning

the state of being invalid, legally void, or lacking force or validity

Example

The court ruled that the contract suffered from invalidity.

裁判所はその契約に無効性があると判断した。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

借金がある; 感謝している

Meaning

owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful

Example

I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.

私は先生のすべての指導に深く感謝しています。

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

非互換性

Meaning

the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility

Example

The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.

2つのソフトウェアシステムの非互換性のため、そのプロジェクトは失敗した。

B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

統合。統一。

Meaning

The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.

Example

Integration of networks will improve global communication.

ネットワークの統合は、グローバルなコミュニケーションを改善します。

A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

それの

Meaning

Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.

Example

The company changed its logo last year.

会社は昨年そのロゴを変更しました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

有害な

Meaning

Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.

Example

Smoking is injurious to health.

喫煙は健康に有害です。

B2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/

interpersonal

対人

Meaning

Relating to relationships or communication between people.

Example

He has excellent interpersonal skills and gets along well with others.

彼は優れた対人スキルを持っており、他の人とうまくやっていきます。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈɔːdəbl/

inaudible

聞こえない

Meaning

Unable to be heard.

Example

Her voice was almost inaudible over the noise.

その音の中で彼女の声はほとんど聞こえなかった。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrmənt/

interment

埋葬

Meaning

The act of burying a dead body in a grave or tomb.

Example

The interment took place at the family cemetery.

埋葬は家族の墓地で行われました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪndaɪˈdʒestəbəl/

Indigestible

消化不良な; 消化しにくい

Meaning

difficult or impossible to digest; hard to process in the stomach

Example

The old bread became hard and indigestible.

古いパンは硬くなり、消化不良になった。

B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

真似る

Meaning

to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something

Example

Children often imitate their parents' behavior.

子供たちはしばしば親の行動を真似します。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/

imprecation

呪い

Meaning

A spoken curse or expression of strong condemnation.

Example

The angry crowd hurled imprecations at the corrupt official.

怒った群衆は腐敗した役人に呪いを投げかけた。

A1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə/

Idea

アイデア; 概念; 提案

Meaning

a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action; a concept or mental impression

Example

She had a brilliant idea for solving the company's efficiency problem.

彼女は会社の効率問題を解決するための素晴らしいアイデアを持っていました。

Meaning

to drive, force, or urge someone to do something

Example

Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.

A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

アイテム

Meaning

A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.

Example

Each item on the list must be checked carefully.

リストの各アイテムは慎重にチェックする必要があります。

C1 adjective /ɪˈræʃənəl/

irrational

非合理的

Meaning

not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought

Example

His fear of the dark was completely irrational.

彼の暗闇への恐れは完全に非合理的でした。

B2 noun /ˈaɪrəni/

irony

皮肉

Meaning

a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected; the use of words to convey the opposite meaning

Example

The irony of the situation was that the winner forgot his own prize.

その状況の皮肉は、勝者が自分の賞を忘れたことでした。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

疑う余地がない

Meaning

Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.

Example

It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.

努力すれば成功に繋がることは疑う余地がない。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒntɪnənt/

incontinent

失禁

Meaning

lacking control over urination or defecation; lacking self-restraint

Example

The patient was incontinent after surgery.

手術後、患者は失禁していた。

B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

インデックス

Meaning

An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.

Example

An index organizes critical data.

インデックスは重要なデータを整理します。

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

宗教的な画像やシンボル

Meaning

A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Example

The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.

教会は美しく描かれた聖母マリアのアイコンを展示しました。

B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

楽しむ

Meaning

to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively

Example

He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.

彼はディナーの後でチョコレートケーキの一切れを楽しんだ。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

しつこい

Meaning

Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion

Example

The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.

しつこい販売員は、繰り返し拒否されても電話をかけ続けました。

C2 noun /ˌɪntərpəˈzɪʃən/

interposition

介入

Meaning

The act of intervening or coming between two things, often to influence or prevent an outcome.

Example

The manager’s interposition prevented a heated argument from escalating.

マネージャーの介入は、激しい議論がエスカレートするのを防ぎました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

読めない

Meaning

Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.

Example

The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.

医者の手書きはほとんど読めなかった。

A1 adjective /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/

important

重要

Meaning

Of great significance or value; likely to have a profound effect on success, survival, or well-being.

Example

Important steps must be taken to address pollution.

汚染に対処するためには重要なステップを踏む必要があります。

C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

複雑

Meaning

very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand

Example

The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.

アーティストは壁に複雑な模様を作り出しました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

違反

Meaning

A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.

Example

The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.

学生は学校の規則の軽微な違反で罰せられました。

C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

旅行する

Meaning

To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.

Example

The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.

伝道師は地域を巡り、メッセージを広めました。

B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

革新的なツール

Meaning

Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.

Example

Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.

教師は教室での学習を向上させるために革新的なツールを使用します。

C2 noun /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi/

idiosyncrasy

特異性

Meaning

A distinctive or peculiar characteristic, habit, or mannerism unique to an individual.

Example

One of her idiosyncrasies was humming while working.

彼女の一つの特異性は、仕事中に口ずさむことでした。

C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

制度化する

Meaning

to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice

Example

The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.

政府は環境保護を制度化しようとしています。

B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

避けられない

Meaning

in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented

Example

Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.

避けられないことに、チームはプロジェクト中に挑戦に直面しました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

取り消し不可能

Meaning

Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.

Example

She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.

彼女は会社を辞めるという取り消し不可能な決定を下した。

B2 noun ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən

innovation

革新

Meaning

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, product, etc.

Example

Innovation drives solutions to global challenges.

革新は世界的な課題への解決策を促進します。

C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

相互接続性

Meaning

The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components

Example

The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.

インターコネクティビティの発展は、世界中のコミュニケーションを変革しました。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkənˈɡruːəti/

incongruity

不一致

Meaning

The state of being inconsistent or out of place.

Example

The incongruity of his cheerful mood during the funeral shocked everyone.

葬式の最中に彼の陽気な気分の不一致は、皆を驚かせました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmənət/

indeterminate

不確定

Meaning

Not exactly known, defined, or established; vague or uncertain.

Example

The project was delayed for an indeterminate amount of time.

プロジェクトは不確定な期間に延期されました。

Meaning

Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.

Example

Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.

B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

象徴的な

Meaning

Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.

Example

The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.

"それは最良の時代だった…"というセリフは象徴的です。

C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

怒りっぽい

Meaning

Easily angered; quick-tempered.

Example

His irascible nature often got him into trouble.

彼の怒りっぽい性格はよくトラブルを引き起こしていた。

C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

不規則性

Meaning

lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly

Example

The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.

監査により、その会社の記録にいくつかの財務上の不規則性が明らかになった。

C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

浸透、秘密のアクセス

Meaning

The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.

Example

Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.

サイバーセキュリティは、機密データへの浸透を防ぎます。

C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

開始された

Meaning

Caused a process or action to begin; started something.

Example

The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.

プロジェクトは海洋生物多様性を向上させるために開始されました。