gallows
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C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

絞首台
Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
犯人は夜明けに絞首台に連れて行かれた。
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

担保、ローンの保証として提供される資産
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
銀行はローン承認のために担保を要求します。
C1 noun /ˈɔːrdɪnəns/

ordinance

条例
Meaning
An authoritative rule, law, or decree issued by a city, town, or authority.
Example
The city council passed an ordinance banning smoking in public parks.
市議会は公共公園での喫煙を禁じる条例を可決しました。
A1 adjective /oʊˈkeɪ/

ok

わかった
Meaning
used to indicate agreement, approval, or understanding
Example
Okay, let's go to the park.
わかった、じゃあ公園に行こう。
C2 verb /bɪˈtəʊkən/

betoken

示唆する
Meaning
to be a sign or indication of something
Example
Dark clouds betoken an approaching storm.
暗い雲は迫り来る嵐を示唆している。
B2 noun /ˈfrʌn.tɪər/

frontier

境界または新しい分野
Meaning
A new area of activity, knowledge, or development; the edge of knowledge or achievement.
Example
Robotic surgery is exploring a new frontier in medicine.
ロボット手術は医学の新しいフロンティアを探求しています。
C2 noun /tʃæf/

Chaff

ふすま; 価値のないもの; 軽い冗談
Meaning
the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing; worthless things; light-hearted joking
Example
The farmer separated the wheat from the chaff using traditional methods.
農夫は伝統的な方法で小麦をふすまから分けました。
B2 noun /ˈbriː.ðɪŋ tɛkˌniːks/

breathing techniques

呼吸法
Meaning
Methods of controlling breathing to achieve relaxation and improve health.
Example
Breathing techniques help in reducing stress and anxiety.
呼吸法はストレスや不安を減らすのに役立ちます。
C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

パンチライン
Meaning
The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.
Example
Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.
みんな彼のジョークのパンチラインで大笑いした。
B1 adjective /ʌnˈʃʊr/

unsure

不確かな
Meaning
not certain or confident; feeling doubt
Example
She felt unsure about the decision.
彼女はその決定について不確かだった。
C2 verb /dɪˈpreɪv/

deprave

堕落させる
Meaning
to corrupt morally; to make someone immoral or wicked
Example
The novel was criticized for attempting to deprave the minds of young readers.
その小説は若い読者の心を堕落させようとしたため批判された。
B2 adjective /ˈdræs.tɪk/

Drastic

劇的な; 厳しい; 強い影響を与える
Meaning
extreme; severe; having a strong or far-reaching effect
Example
The company took drastic measures to reduce costs.
会社はコスト削減のために劇的な措置を取った。
B2 noun /ˈtɒl.ər.əns/

Tolerance

寛容
Meaning
the ability to accept different opinions or behavior; willingness to allow something to exist
Example
Religious tolerance is important in a diverse society.
宗教の寛容さは多様な社会において重要です。
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.nər/

Mourner

喪に服する人
Meaning
a person who attends a funeral or shows grief for someone who has died
Example
The mourners gathered at the cemetery to pay their respects.
喪に服する人々は墓地に集まり、敬意を表しました。
B1 noun /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)mənt/

requirement

要件
Meaning
something that is necessary or demanded
Example
The job has specific educational requirements.
この仕事には特定の教育要件があります。
C2 noun /ˌdɪspjuːˈteɪʃən/

disputation

議論
Meaning
a formal debate or argument
Example
The disputation between the two scholars lasted for hours.
二人の学者の間での議論は数時間続いた。
B1 verb /ˈstɒpɪŋ/

stopping

停止
Meaning
Coming to a halt or pause.
Example
The ship is stopping at the Falkland Islands.
船はフォークランド諸島で停泊しています。
A2 adverb /ˈsɜː.tən.li/

Certainly

確かに
Meaning
without doubt; definitely; used to agree or give permission
Example
I will certainly help you with this project.
このプロジェクトであなたを確実に手伝います。
B2 noun /rɪˈzembləns/

Resemblance

類似
Meaning
the state of being alike or similar; similarity in appearance or character
Example
There's a strong resemblance between the two sisters.
二人の姉妹の間には強い類似があります。
C1 noun /ˈzeɪni/

Zany

奇妙な、コメディアン; 遊び心
Meaning
amusingly unconventional and idiosyncratic; a comical person; foolishly playful
Example
He has a zany sense of humor that makes everyone laugh.
彼は皆を笑わせる奇妙なユーモアのセンスを持っている。
C2 noun /ˌrɛprəˈbeɪʃən/

reprobation

Meaning
Strong disapproval or condemnation; rejection by God as beyond salvation.
Example
The teacher’s face showed clear reprobation at the student’s rude remark.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

騎兵
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
騎兵は速さでフィールドを横断しました。
A2 noun /ʃɪp/

Ship

船
Meaning
a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and seas
Example
The cargo ship departed from the port at dawn.
貨物船は夜明けに港を出発しました。
C2 verb /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪt/

emaciate

衰弱させる
Meaning
To make abnormally thin or weak, usually because of illness or lack of food.
Example
The prisoners were emaciated after months without proper food.
囚人たちは数ヶ月間適切な食事がなくて衰弱していました。
B2 adverb /ˈmen.tə.li/

Mentally

精神的に
Meaning
relating to the mind; in terms of mental processes
Example
She was mentally preparing herself for the exam.
彼女は試験のために精神的に準備していた。
A2 adjective /ˈfɔːrməl/

formal

正式
Meaning
done in accordance with rules of convention or etiquette; official or serious in nature
Example
He wore a formal suit to the wedding.
彼は結婚式でフォーマルなスーツを着ていました。
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

仮定
Meaning
a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition
Example
His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.
天気に関する彼の仮定は間違っていることが証明されました。
C1 verb /ˈlɪtɪˌɡeɪt/

litigate

訴訟する
Meaning
to engage in legal proceedings or take a dispute to court
Example
The company decided to litigate the contract dispute.
その企業は契約の争いを訴えることに決めた。
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

バール
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
彼は古い釘を取り除くためにクローバーを使いました。
C2 adjective /ˌdeɪ.kɒlˈteɪ/

decollete

深い胸元の衣装
Meaning
of a woman's dress or top, cut low so as to reveal the neck and upper chest
Example
She wore a decollete gown to the party.
彼女はパーティーで深い胸元のドレスを着ていました。
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

隠された動機
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
彼は隠された動機で彼女を招待した。
A1 noun /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/

hospital

病院
Meaning
an institution where sick or injured people are given medical treatment
Example
He was taken to the hospital after the accident.
彼は事故の後、病院に運ばれました。
A1 verb /kʊk/

cook

料理する
Meaning
to prepare food by heating; to make food ready to eat
Example
My mother loves to cook traditional dishes.
母は伝統的な料理を作るのが好きです。
C1 verb /ədˈmɒnɪʃ/

admonish

注意する / 叱る
Meaning
to warn or reprimand someone firmly; to advise or urge earnestly
Example
The teacher admonished the students for being late.
先生は遅刻した生徒を注意しました。
C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

驚異的
Meaning
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Example
The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.
チームはプロジェクトを時間通りに完了するために驚異的な努力をしました。
A2 noun /ˈstreɪndʒər/

Stranger

見知らぬ人
Meaning
a person whom one does not know or with whom one is not familiar
Example
Never take candy from a stranger.
決して見知らぬ人からキャンディをもらわないでください。
B2 noun /bleɪd/

Blade

刃
Meaning
a sharp flat cutting edge of a knife, sword, or tool
Example
The blade of the knife needs to be sharpened.
ナイフの刃は研がなければならない。
A1 verb /stɒp/

stop

止める
Meaning
to cease moving or operating; to halt; to prevent
Example
Please stop talking during the movie.
映画の間に話すのをやめてください。
B2 verb /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

polish

磨く
Meaning
to make smooth and shiny by rubbing; to improve or refine
Example
She needs to polish her shoes before the interview.
面接前に靴を磨かなければならない。
A2 adjective /swiːt/

Sweet

甘い; 親切な; 魅力的な
Meaning
having a pleasant taste; kind and gentle; pleasing
Example
She has a sweet voice that everyone loves to hear.
彼女は甘い声を持っていて、皆が聴きたがる。
B2 verb /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/

misbehave

行儀が悪い
Meaning
to behave badly or inappropriately; to act in an unacceptable way
Example
The children misbehaved during the school assembly.
子供たちは学校の集会で行儀が悪かった。
A1 verb /fərˈɡet/

forget

忘れる
Meaning
to be unable to remember something; to fail to bring something to mind
Example
Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.
出かけるときはドアを閉め忘れないでください。
C1 adjective /əˈtjuːnd/

attuned

敏感な / 調和のとれた
Meaning
Being receptive or sensitive to something; well adjusted or in harmony.
Example
She is attuned to the needs of her students.
彼女は学生のニーズに敏感です。
B2 adjective /ˈɡraʊndɪd/

grounded

地に足のついた
Meaning
Well balanced and sensible; having a sound basis in reality or fact.
Example
Staying grounded during difficult situations helps with resilience.
困難な状況でも地に足のついた態度を保つことがレジリエンスの向上に役立ちます。
B2 noun /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/

anxiety

不安や神経質
Meaning
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
Example
Meditation helps reduce anxiety and stress.
瞑想は不安とストレスを軽減するのに役立ちます。
B2 adjective /ˈkwestʃənəbl/

Questionable

疑わしい
Meaning
doubtful; dubious; suspicious; open to doubt or suspicion
Example
His questionable business practices led to an investigation.
彼の疑わしいビジネス慣行は調査を引き起こしました。
B1 noun ˌɔː.ɡən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

organization

組織
Meaning
An organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department.
Example
The organization was officially inaugurated in 2024.
その組織は2024年に公式に開設されました。
C2 adjective /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/

Languid

無気力な; 怠け者の; 弱い
Meaning
lacking energy or vitality; slow and relaxed; weak or faint
Example
After the long journey, she felt languid and needed to rest.
長い旅の後、彼女は無気力に感じ、休む必要があった。
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

何かを継続的に運転させる、または長期間維持する
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
メディアは時に有害なステレオタイプを永続させることがある。
B2 verb /ɪnˈteɪl/

entail

Meaning
to involve something as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence
Example
The job will entail a lot of travel across the country.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主観的
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
美しさはしばしば主観的な概念と見なされます。
B2 noun /ɪmˈpɒlɪtnəs/

impoliteness

無礼さ
Meaning
lack of good manners or courtesy; rude behavior
Example
His impoliteness towards the guests shocked everyone.
彼の客に対する無礼さは皆を驚かせた。
B1 adjective /ɡrænd/

Grand

壮大; 素晴らしい; 優れた;
Meaning
impressive; magnificent; excellent;
Example
The grand palace impressed all the visitors.
その壮大な宮殿は全ての訪問者を感動させました。
C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

盗む
Meaning
to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way
Example
He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.
彼は図書館から本を盗もうとしたが、気づかれなかった。
C2 noun /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

enunciation

発音, 明確な発音
Meaning
The act of saying or pronouncing words clearly and distinctly.
Example
His enunciation was clear during the presentation.
彼の発音はプレゼンテーション中に明確でした。
A1 verb /muːv/

move

動かす
Meaning
to change position; to go from one place to another; to relocate
Example
They decided to move to a bigger house.
彼らはもっと大きな家に引っ越すことに決めました。
A1 adjective/adverb /ˈɜːrli/

early

早い
Meaning
before the usual or expected time
Example
She arrived early to the meeting.
彼女は会議に早く到着しました。
C1 verb /ˈdʒɜːrmɪneɪt/

germinate

幸福
Meaning
To begin to grow or develop, especially referring to a seed.
Example
The seeds germinate quickly in moist soil.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

浪費家
Meaning
spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Example
The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.
浪費家の息子は、遺産を浪費した後、家に帰りました。
B2 verb, noun /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

exploit

Meaning
to make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource); to use someone unfairly for one’s own advantage
Example
The company was accused of exploiting child labor.
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

料理
Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
イタリア料理は世界中で有名です。
C2 noun ˈkɑː.dərz

cadres

カド
Meaning
A small group of people specially trained for a particular purpose or profession; a group of activists in a communist or other political organization.
Example
There are 26 cadres under BPSC.
BPSCの下に26人のカドがいます。
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

putative

推定の
Meaning
commonly accepted or supposed; generally regarded as such
Example
He is the putative father of the child.
彼は子供の推定父親です。
B2 adjective /ˈheɪsti/

Hasty

急いだ; 慌ただしい
Meaning
done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried
Example
Don't make hasty decisions when you're angry.
怒っているときに急いだ決定をしないでください。
C2 noun /ˈdɒɡ roʊz/

Dog-rose

ドッグローズ
Meaning
A wild rose species with pink or white flowers and thorny stems, common in hedgerows
Example
The dog-rose bush grew wild along the countryside path.
ドッグローズの低木は、田舎の道沿いに野生で育ちました。
B2 noun /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

Disguise

変装; 偽装
Meaning
a means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity; something that hides the truth
Example
The spy wore an elaborate disguise to avoid being recognized by enemies.
スパイは敵に認識されないように精巧な変装をしていた。
A1 verb /stɑːrt/

start

開始する
Meaning
to begin something; to commence; to initiate
Example
Let's start the meeting now.
今すぐ会議を開始しましょう。
C1 noun /ˈlaɪtʃi/

Litchi

ライチ
Meaning
a small oval pink-red tropical fruit with white translucent flesh and sweet taste
Example
The litchi has a rough pink shell that you peel to eat the sweet white fruit inside.
ライチは、外側がざらざらしたピンク色の皮で、中に甘くて白い果実が入っています。
B2 noun /ˈlɒbi/

lobby

ロビー
Meaning
a large open area near the entrance of a building; also a group trying to influence decisions.
Example
We met the manager in the hotel lobby before the meeting.
会議の前にホテルのロビーでマネージャーに会いました。
C1 verb /ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/

petrify

石化する
Meaning
to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think; to turn into stone
Example
The loud noise petrified the little child.
大きな音は小さな子供を石化させた。
B1 noun /broʊˈʃʊr/

brochure

パンフレット
Meaning
a small booklet or pamphlet containing information or advertising
Example
The travel agent gave us a brochure about the holiday package.
旅行代理店は休暇パッケージについてのパンフレットをくれました。
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

寸劇
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
学生たちはイベントで面白い寸劇を演じました。
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

重要な方法で
Meaning
in a way that is of great significance or value
Example
Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.
重要な方法で、報告書は即時の行動の必要性を強調しました。
C2 verb /kruːn/

croon

優しく低く穏やかな声で歌うまたは歌うこと
Meaning
to sing or hum in a soft, low, and gentle voice
Example
She crooned a lullaby to help the baby fall asleep.
彼女は赤ちゃんを寝かしつけるために子守唄を歌った。
B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

課す
Meaning
To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.
Example
Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.
汚染は環境に有害な影響を課します。
C2 noun /ˈsteɪsɪs/ or /ˈstæsɪs/

stasis

停滞
Meaning
A state of inactivity or equilibrium; a situation where nothing changes.
Example
The negotiations reached a state of stasis with no progress made.
交渉は停滞状態に達し、進展はありませんでした。
B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

隔離する
Meaning
To separate something or someone from others.
Example
Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
医師たちは感染の拡大を防ぐために患者を隔離しようとしました。
C1 noun /æbˈdʌk.ʃən/

abduction

誘拐
Meaning
the act of taking someone away illegally by force; kidnapping
Example
The police are investigating the abduction of the child.
警察は子供の誘拐事件を調査している。
C2 noun (plural, informal) /skædz/

scads

たくさん
Meaning
A large number or quantity of something (informal).
Example
She has scads of friends in the city.
彼女は街にたくさんの友達がいます。
C1 adjective /əˈtrəʊ.ʃəs/

Atrocious

ひどい; 極端に悪いまたは不快な
Meaning
horrifyingly wicked; extremely bad or unpleasant
Example
The conditions in the prison were atrocious.
刑務所の状態はひどかった。
A1 adjective/adverb /leɪt/

late

遅れた
Meaning
arriving, happening, or done after the expected time
Example
He arrived late to the meeting.
彼は会議に遅れて到着した。
C2 verb /ɪˈnəʊbəl/

ennoble

高貴にする
Meaning
to give someone a noble rank or to elevate in dignity or honor
Example
His selfless actions ennobled his character in the eyes of others.
彼の自己犠牲的な行動は、他の人々の目に彼の人格を高めました。
C2 verb /ɪnˈhjuːm/

inhume

埋葬する
Meaning
to bury a dead body in the ground
Example
They inhumed the warrior with full honors.
彼らは戦士を完全な名誉を持って埋葬しました。
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

平等主義者
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
新しい法律は平等主義の社会を促進します。
C2 noun /ˌɪntərpəˈzɪʃən/

interposition

介入
Meaning
The act of intervening or coming between two things, often to influence or prevent an outcome.
Example
The manager’s interposition prevented a heated argument from escalating.
マネージャーの介入は、激しい議論がエスカレートするのを防ぎました。
B1 noun /kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

communication

コミュニケーション
Meaning
The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.
Example
Effective communication is crucial for any successful project.
効果的なコミュニケーションは、どんな成功したプロジェクトにも不可欠です。
C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

異教徒
Meaning
a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen
Example
Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.
古代ローマ人は初期のキリスト教徒を異教徒だとみなしていた。
B1 noun /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

interaction

相互作用
Meaning
The process of people or things acting upon or influencing each other.
Example
The teacher encouraged more interaction between students.
教師は生徒間のさらなるインタラクションを促進しました。
C2 verb /ˈɑːbdʒərˌɡeɪt/

objurgate

厳しく叱る
Meaning
to scold or rebuke severely
Example
The teacher objurgated the student for being dishonest.
先生は不正直な生徒を厳しく叱った。
C2 adjective /mɔːrˈdeɪʃəs/

mordacious

辛辣または皮肉な
Meaning
Sharp or biting in style, tone, or remark; sarcastic.
Example
The critic’s mordacious review offended the author.
批評家の辛辣なレビューは著者を怒らせた。
B2 noun /hɪˈstɔːriən/

historian

歴史学者
Meaning
a person who studies or writes about history
Example
The historian gave a lecture on ancient civilizations.
歴史学者は古代文明について講義を行いました。
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊtʃ/

grouch

不機嫌な人
Meaning
a person who complains a lot or to complain in a grumpy way
Example
He is such a grouch in the morning before coffee.
彼は朝、コーヒーの前にいつもグラウチだ。
C1 noun /ˈkæn.dɚ/

candor

率直
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward in speech or expression.
Example
She spoke with candor about the challenges she faced.
彼女は直面した課題について率直に話しました。
C1 noun /ˈdaɪhɑːrd/

diehard

Meaning
A person who strongly resists change and remains loyal to a belief or cause.
Example
He is a diehard fan of classic rock music.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɒs.oʊ.vər/

glossover

無視する
Meaning
an informal or non-standard variant of 'gloss over', meaning to ignore or minimize something
Example
He tried to glossover his mistakes during the meeting.
彼は会議中に自分のミスを無視しようとした。
A2 noun /spɒt/

spot

場所
Meaning
a particular place or position
Example
I found a great spot for a picnic in the park.
公園でピクニックをするための素晴らしい場所を見つけました。
B2 noun /ˈæd.və.kət/

Advocate

弁護士
Meaning
a lawyer who represents clients in court; a person who supports or argues for a cause or policy
Example
The advocate presented strong evidence to defend his client in court.
その弁護士は法廷で彼の依頼人を弁護するために強力な証拠を提示した。
C2 adverb /əˈsɪdʒuəsli/

assiduously

熱心に
Meaning
with great care and persistence
Example
He worked assiduously to complete the project before the deadline.
彼は締め切り前にプロジェクトを完了するために熱心に働きました。
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的な, 手つかずの, 清潔で新鮮な
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
その森は原始的な状態を保っています。
B2 verb /əˈsend/

ascend

上昇する
Meaning
to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise
Example
The climbers will ascend the mountain at dawn.
登山者たちは夜明けに山を登るでしょう。
C2 noun /hɜːrs/

Hearse

霊柩車;
Meaning
a vehicle for conveying the coffin at a funeral; a funeral car
Example
The black hearse slowly made its way to the cemetery, followed by a procession of mourners.
黒い霊柩車がゆっくりと墓地に向かい、その後ろに哀悼の列が続いていた。
C2 adjective /ˈdaʊ.di/

dowdy

時代遅れ / ださい
Meaning
unfashionable, dull, or shabby in appearance
Example
She wore a dowdy dress to the party.
彼女はパーティーに時代遅れのドレスを着ていた。
C2 noun /næt/

Gnat

蚊
Meaning
a small flying insect that bites people and animals
Example
The gnat buzzed around my head while I was reading.
私が読書している間、蚊が頭の周りでブンブンと音を立てていた。
C1 noun /ˈblʌd.ʃed/

Bloodshed

流血; 大虐殺
Meaning
the killing or wounding of people, typically in large numbers during a conflict
Example
The peace treaty was signed to prevent further bloodshed.
平和条約はさらなる流血を防ぐために署名されました。
B2 noun/verb /beɪt/

bait

Meaning
Food or lure used to attract fish or animals; to deliberately provoke or annoy.
Example
He used worms as bait to catch fish.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
B2 noun ˈekwɪti

equity

エクイティ
Meaning
The value of the shares issued by a company.
Example
Owning equity in a company can yield significant returns.
会社の株式を所有することは、重要なリターンをもたらす可能性があります。
B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃən/

Creation

創造; 作品
Meaning
the action or process of bringing something into existence; something that has been made or invented
Example
The artist's latest creation was displayed at the modern art gallery.
アーティストの最新の創作は現代アートギャラリーに展示されました。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

親密さ; 親しみ
Meaning
close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere
Example
The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.
そのカップルは物質的な所有物よりも、共有した感情的な親密さを大切にしていました。
C2 noun /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

catabolism

カタボリズム
Meaning
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
Example
Catabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.
カタボリズムは細胞のエネルギー生産に重要な役割を果たします。
C2 noun /ˈhæknɪ/

hackney

貸し馬, 陳腐な
Meaning
a horse kept for ordinary riding or hire; also used for something overused or trite
Example
The old hackney was still pulling the carriage.
その古い貸し馬は今でも馬車を引いていた。
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

推進力
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
新しい政策は経済成長のための推進力を提供しました。
B1 verb /bæn/

ban

禁止する
Meaning
to officially forbid something; to prohibit
Example
The government banned smoking in public places.
政府は公共の場所での喫煙を禁止した。
B2 verb /ɪnˈdjuːs/

induce

誘発する
Meaning
to cause or persuade someone to do something; to bring about a result
Example
The doctor induced sleep with a mild sedative.
医師は軽い鎮静剤で睡眠を引き起こしました。
B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

控える
Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
このエリアでの喫煙はご遠慮ください。
C2 noun /ˈkloʊðiər/

clothier

衣料品商
Meaning
a person or company that makes, sells, or deals in clothes.
Example
The town’s clothier displayed fine suits in his shop window.
町の衣料品商は店の窓に素晴らしいスーツを展示しました。
C1 adjective /ˈtɛn.ju.əs/

tenuous

弱い / 薄い
Meaning
Very weak, thin, or slight; lacking a strong basis.
Example
The evidence against him is quite tenuous.
彼に対する証拠はかなり弱いです。
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛkərd/

chequered

チェッカード
Meaning
Having a pattern of squares, or marked by varied and contrasting experiences or periods.
Example
He had a chequered career with both great successes and failures.
彼は大きな成功と失敗を経験したチェッカードなキャリアを持っていた。
B1 adjective /ˌoʊld ˈfæʃənd/

old-fashioned

昔風の
Meaning
not modern; belonging to an earlier time
Example
He still wears an old-fashioned hat.
彼は今でも昔風の帽子をかぶっています。