A1 noun /faɪv/

five

五

Meaning

The number 5; one more than four and one less than six.

Example

She bought five apples from the market.

彼女は市場で五つのリンゴを買いました。

C2 adjective /ˌɛkstrəˌdʒuːˈdɪʃəl/

extrajudicial

司法外

Meaning

done outside the authority of the legal system or judicial process

Example

The activists condemned the extrajudicial killings.

活動家たちは司法外での殺人を非難しました。

B2 adjective /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

fortunate

幸運な

Meaning

Having good luck or receiving something desirable by chance.

Example

She was fortunate to escape the accident without injuries.

彼女は事故で怪我をすることなく逃げることができて幸運だった。

B1 noun ˈstrʌk.tʃər

structure

構造

Meaning

The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.

Example

The structure is designed for safety and functionality.

構造は安全性と機能性のために設計されています。

A2 adjective /əˈlɪmpɪk/

olympic

オリンピック

Meaning

related to the Olympic Games, a major international sporting event

Example

She trained hard to compete in the Olympic Games.

彼女はオリンピックに出場するために一生懸命トレーニングをしました。

B2 verb /plʌk/

pluck

摘む, 勇気を出す

Meaning

to take hold of and quickly remove; to gather courage or determination

Example

She plucked a flower from the garden.

彼女は庭から花を摘みました。

C2 noun /ˌvɛrɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

verisimilitude

真実味

Meaning

the appearance of being true or real

Example

The movie was praised for its verisimilitude to actual events.

その映画は実際の出来事に対する真実味で賞賛されました。

A1 adverb /təˈmɒroʊ/

Tomorrow

明日

Meaning

on the day after today; in the future

Example

Tomorrow we will visit the museum.

明日、私たちは博物館を訪れます。

B1 noun raɪts

rights

権利

Meaning

A moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way.

Example

The rights of people were prioritized.

人々の権利は優先されました。

B2 noun /mɑːrz/

Mars

火星

Meaning

The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war

Example

Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade.

科学者たちは次の十年で火星への有人ミッションを計画しています。

B1 verb /ʌnˈlɒk/

unlock

解錠する

Meaning

to open something that is locked; to make something accessible or available

Example

She used the key to unlock the door.

彼女は鍵を使ってドアを解錠した。

A1 noun /ˈsʌn.deɪ/

sunday

日曜日

Meaning

The day of the week between Saturday and Monday; often considered a day of rest or worship.

Example

We usually relax at home on Sunday.

私たちは通常、日曜日は家でゆっくりします。

C1 adjective /ˈreɡ.jʊ.lə.tər.i/

Regulatory

規制

Meaning

Having the power to control or govern something through rules and regulations.

Example

The government enforces regulatory policies for financial stability.

政府は金融安定性のために規制政策を実施しています。

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɒndərəbl̩/

imponderable

計り知れない

Meaning

Something difficult or impossible to estimate, assess, or understand

Example

The outcome of the election depends on many imponderable factors.

選挙の結果は、多くの計り知れない要因に依存しています。

C1 adjective /ˈwaɪ.li/

Wily

ずる賢い; ずるい; 狡猾な

Meaning

clever; cunning; sly

Example

The wily fox escaped from the trap using his cunning intelligence.

ずる賢いキツネはその狡猾な知恵を使って罠から逃げた。

B2 adjective /ˈstɑːrtəld/

startled

驚いた

Meaning

suddenly shocked or surprised by something unexpected

Example

She was startled by the loud noise outside.

彼女は外の大きな音に驚いた。

B2 adjective /leɪm/

Lame

足が不自由; 病気

Meaning

unable to walk normally because of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot; weak and unconvincing

Example

The injured horse was lame and couldn't walk properly.

怪我をした馬は足を引きずり、正常に歩くことができなかった。

C1 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

antagonism

対立

Meaning

active hostility or opposition

Example

There was clear antagonism between the two political parties.

二つの政党の間には明らかな対立があった。

C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

引き出す

Meaning

To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.

Example

The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.

先生の質問は生徒たちから思慮深い回答を引き出しました。

A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəns/

audience

観客

Meaning

A group of people who gather to watch, listen to, or experience a performance, event, or broadcast.

Example

The audience clapped loudly after the performance.

パフォーマンス後、観客は大きな拍手を送った。

C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

散歩

Meaning

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

Example

They went for a promenade along the seaside.

彼らは海辺をプロムナードしていました。

C2 noun /kəˈbɑl/

Cabal

陰謀団体

Meaning

a secret political clique or faction

Example

The journalists exposed a cabal of corrupt politicians working together.

ジャーナリストたちは、共謀している腐敗した政治家たちの陰謀団体を暴露した。

C2 verb /ˈhɜːrtl/

hurtle

猛スピードで進む

Meaning

To move or cause to move at great speed, often in a dangerous way.

Example

The car hurtled down the mountain road.

車は山道を猛スピードで下っていました。

A1 noun /her/

Hair

髪

Meaning

any of the fine thread-like strands growing from the skin of humans and animals

Example

She decided to cut her long hair short for a fresh new look this summer.

彼女はこの夏、さっぱりとした新しい外見のために長い髪を短くすることに決めました。

B2 noun /ˈlɪkər/

liquor

Meaning

Alcoholic drinks, especially strong distilled ones such as whiskey or vodka.

Example

The shop sells both beer and hard liquor.

C2 adjective /ˈdɒdərɪŋ/

doddering

震えている / 弱い

Meaning

Weak, shaky, or unsteady, especially due to old age.

Example

The doddering professor struggled to climb the stairs.

ドダリング教授は階段を登るのに苦労していました。

C2 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈtɛəriən/

unitarian

ユニタリアン

Meaning

A person who believes that God exists as one entity rather than as a Trinity; a member of a religious denomination that emphasizes individual freedom of belief.

Example

The Unitarian church is known for its inclusive and open-minded approach.

ユニタリアン教会は、その包括的で開かれた考え方で知られています。

C1 noun/adjective/verb /bʌf/

buff

映画ファン / 磨く

Meaning

A fan or enthusiast; also to polish or shine something.

Example

He is a movie buff who watches films every weekend.

彼は毎週末映画を観る映画ファンです。

C1 noun /lɒft/

loft

ロフト

Meaning

An upper room or space, often under the roof of a building.

Example

She converted the old loft into a modern studio.

彼女は古いロフトを現代的なスタジオに改造しました。

B1 noun /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/

composer

作曲家

Meaning

a person who writes music, especially classical music

Example

The composer is working on a new symphony.

作曲家は新しい交響曲に取り組んでいます。

B2 noun ˈθrɛʃhəʊld

threshold

閾値, 限界

Meaning

A point of entry or beginning; the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction to occur.

Example

Once the threshold for pest population is reached, measures must be taken.

害虫の個体数の閾値に達したら、対策を講じなければならない。

B2 noun /ˈtɛmpoʊ/

tempo

テンポ, リズム

Meaning

The speed or pace at which a piece of music or activity is performed.

Example

The band played the song at a faster tempo than usual.

バンドは普段よりも速いテンポで曲を演奏しました。

C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

大混乱

Meaning

a state of complete disorder or ruin

Example

After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.

嵐の後、町全体が大混乱に陥った。

B2 noun /ɔːˈræŋ.ʊˌtæŋ/

Orang-Outang

オランウータン

Meaning

a large arboreal ape with long reddish hair, long arms, and hooked hands and feet, native to Borneo and Sumatra

Example

The orangutan swings gracefully through the forest canopy.

オランウータンは森の樹冠を優雅に渡ります。

C2 noun /dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

disjunction

分裂

Meaning

A lack of connection between things; separation or disunity.

Example

There is a clear disjunction between theory and practice.

理論と実践の間には明確な分裂があります。

C2 noun /bɪˈhiː.mɒθ/

behemoth

巨大なもの

Meaning

Something enormous, especially a large and powerful organization.

Example

The company grew into a corporate behemoth.

その会社は企業の巨大なものに成長しました。

C1 noun /ˈtrɪŋkɪt/

trinket

小さな装飾品

Meaning

a small ornament or piece of jewelry that is not expensive

Example

She bought a little trinket from the beach market as a souvenir.

彼女はビーチマーケットで小さな装飾品をお土産として買った。

C2 noun /ˈlænjæp/

lagniappe

追加の贈り物

Meaning

A small gift or bonus given by a seller to a customer.

Example

The shopkeeper offered a piece of candy as a lagniappe.

店主はおまけとしてキャンディを提供しました。

A2 verb /dɪˈzaɪn/

design

Meaning

to plan and create something with a particular purpose or look

Example

She will design the new company logo.

B1 verb /ˈɛstɪˌmeɪt/

estimate

見積もる

Meaning

To roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.

Example

The engineer estimated the cost of the project at $5 million.

エンジニアはプロジェクトのコストを500万ドルと見積もりました。

C2 noun /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈnɛsəns/

rejuvenescence

再生

Meaning

the action or process of becoming young or fresh again

Example

The forest showed signs of rejuvenescence after the rains.

雨の後、森は再生の兆しを見せました。

C2 adjective /ɑːrˈθʊr.i.ən/

arthurian

アーサー王に関連する

Meaning

Relating to the legendary King Arthur and the stories surrounding him.

Example

The novel is set in an Arthurian world of knights and castles.

その小説は、騎士と城が存在するアーサリアンの世界に設定されています。

B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

価値がある; 重要な

Meaning

worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important

Example

The painting is very valuable and worth millions.

その絵画は非常に価値があり、何百万ドルもの価値がある。

C1 noun /ˈræʃən/

ration

配給

Meaning

a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person

Example

During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.

戦争中、各家族は毎週一定量のご飯を配給されました。

B2 noun /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/

Provision

備蓄

Meaning

supplies of food and other necessary things; arrangement or preparation

Example

The government made provision for emergency supplies during the flood.

政府は洪水時の緊急供給のために備蓄を行いました。

C2 noun, verb /ˈbɛvəl/

bevel

斜面

Meaning

A sloping edge or surface; to cut or shape an edge at an angle.

Example

The carpenter beveled the edges of the table.

大工はテーブルの端を斜めに切りました。

C2 verb /həˈbɪtʃuˌeɪt/

habituate

習慣づける

Meaning

to make someone accustomed to something

Example

The monks habituated themselves to meditation.

僧侶たちは瞑想に慣れました。

A2 noun /ˈbɪljən/

billion

Meaning

the number 1,000,000,000 (one thousand million)

Example

The company is worth more than a billion dollars.

B2 adjective /ˌɑːp.təˈmɪs.tɪk/

optimistic

楽観的

Meaning

hopeful and confident about the future

Example

She is optimistic about the success of her new project.

彼女は新しいプロジェクトの成功に楽観的です。

C2 adjective /ɪkˈskɜːsɪv/

excursive

逸脱した

Meaning

Tending to digress or wander; moving away from the main subject.

Example

His excursive lecture left the students confused about the main topic.

彼の逸脱した講義は、学生たちを主題について混乱させました。

B2 noun /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/

weightlifting

重量挙げ

Meaning

the sport or activity of lifting heavy weights to build strength and muscle

Example

Weightlifting requires discipline, proper technique, and consistent training.

重量挙げには規律と正しい技術が必要です。

C2 adjective /ˈbuːtləs/

bootless

無駄な

Meaning

Useless or futile; of no benefit.

Example

His bootless attempt to fix the machine only wasted time.

機械を修理する彼の無駄な試みは時間を無駄にしただけだった。

C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

杵

Meaning

A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.

Example

She used a pestle to grind the spices.

彼女はスパイスを挽くために杵を使いました。

B1 noun /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/

researcher

研究者

Meaning

a person who conducts research

Example

The researcher published her findings in a scientific journal.

研究者は科学的なジャーナルに彼女の研究結果を発表しました。

B1 verb rɪˈdjuːst

reduced

減らす

Meaning

Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.

Example

Singapore has reduced plastic usage significantly.

シンガポールはプラスチックの使用を大幅に減らしました。

A2 conjunction /ˈniːðər/

neither

どちらも〜ない

Meaning

used to connect two negative alternatives

Example

Neither the manager nor the assistant could attend the meeting.

マネージャーもアシスタントも会議に出席できなかった。

C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

幸福感に満ちた

Meaning

Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.

Example

The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.

チームが勝った後、ファンは幸福感に満ちていた。

C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

起訴する

Meaning

to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime

Example

The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.

大陪審団は腐敗のために政治家を起訴することを決定した。

C2 noun /ˈtʃɜː.nɪŋ stɪk/

Churning stick

バターバトン

Meaning

a wooden stick used for stirring and churning butter, milk, or other liquids

Example

Grandmother used a churning stick to make fresh butter.

おばあさんは新鮮なバターを作るためにチャーニングスティックを使いました。

C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

実験

Meaning

The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

Example

Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.

実験は革新的な製品を生み出します。

C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

親密さ; 親しみ

Meaning

close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere

Example

The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.

そのカップルは物質的な所有物よりも、共有した感情的な親密さを大切にしていました。

C1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃər/

Juncture

重要な時点

Meaning

a particular point in events or time; a critical moment when important decisions must be made

Example

At this juncture, we need to make a crucial decision about our future.

この重要な時点で、私たちは未来について重要な決定を下さなければなりません。

A2 noun /ˈɡroʊ.sər.i/

grocery

食料品店

Meaning

A store that sells food and household supplies.

Example

She went to the grocery to buy vegetables.

彼女は野菜を買うために食料品店に行きました。

C2 noun /məˈdɒn.ə/

madonna

マドンナ (聖母マリア)

Meaning

An artistic representation of the Virgin Mary; also used as a respectful form of address for a woman in Italian culture.

Example

The Renaissance painting depicts a Madonna holding child Jesus.

ルネサンスの絵画は、イエスの子供を抱いているマドンナを描いています。

C2 adverb /əˈsɪdʒuəsli/

assiduously

熱心に

Meaning

with great care and persistence

Example

He worked assiduously to complete the project before the deadline.

彼は締め切り前にプロジェクトを完了するために熱心に働きました。

A2 noun ʃef

chef

シェフ

Meaning

A professional cook, especially the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.

Example

The chef specializes in avant-garde dishes.

シェフは前衛的な料理を専門としています。

C2 adjective /ˈfræk.ʃəs/

Fractious

わがままな; けんか腰の; 手に負えない

Meaning

irritable and quarrelsome; difficult to control; bad-tempered

Example

The fractious child refused to follow any of the teacher's instructions.

その気難しい子供は教師の指示に従うことを拒否しました。

B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

称賛する

Meaning

to praise formally or officially

Example

The teacher commended the students for their hard work.

先生は生徒たちの努力を称賛しました。

C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈriːd/

misread

誤って読む

Meaning

to read something incorrectly or interpret wrongly

Example

He misread the instructions and built the shelf incorrectly.

彼は指示を誤読して棚を間違って作った。

C1 noun /ˈpɛndənt/

pendant

ペンダント

Meaning

a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck

Example

She wore a silver pendant around her neck.

彼女は首に銀のペンダントをつけていました。

B1 verb /ˈpʌzəl/

puzzle

パズル

Meaning

to confuse or perplex; to think hard about something

Example

The math problem will puzzle even the experts.

その数学の問題は、専門家をも困惑させるだろう。

C2 noun /friːz/

frieze

フリーズ

Meaning

a decorative horizontal band, often sculpted or painted, usually on a wall near the ceiling

Example

The frieze above the entrance depicts scenes from ancient mythology.

入口上のフリーズは古代神話のシーンを描いています。

B2 noun /ˈɡleɪʃər/

glacier

氷河

Meaning

a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land

Example

The glacier is slowly melting due to climate change.

氷河は気候変動のためにゆっくりと溶けています。

C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

派生物

Meaning

Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.

Example

The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.

その映画は、前の作品を模倣しすぎて批判されました。

A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

Colour

色

Meaning

the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects light; hue, tint, shade

Example

What is your favorite colour for painting the bedroom walls?

寝室の壁を塗るためのお気に入りの色は何ですか？

B2 verb ˈtrænsfɔːrm

transform

変形する

Meaning

To change in form, appearance, or structure; metamorphose.

Example

Volunteering can transform lives and communities.

ボランティア活動は人生と地域社会を変えることができる。

C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

分解する

Meaning

To take apart something into its separate pieces.

Example

He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.

彼は修理のためにコンピュータを分解しなければならなかった。

C1 adjective /drəˈkoʊniən/

draconian

ドラコニアン

Meaning

Extremely harsh and severe, especially laws or rules.

Example

The new regulations were criticized as draconian.

新しい規制はドラコニアンだと批判されました。

C1 noun /dɪˈprɛsənt/

depressant

抑制剤

Meaning

A drug that reduces functional or nervous activity in the body.

Example

Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system.

アルコールは中枢神経系に抑制剤として作用します。

C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

Meaning

a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged

Example

The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.

C2 noun /əˌkædəˈmɪʃən/

academician

学者

Meaning

a member of an academy; a scholar or expert in a field of study

Example

The academicians gathered to discuss the future of education.

学者たちは教育の未来について話し合った。

A1 verb /æsk/

ask

尋ねる

Meaning

to request information; to inquire; to invite

Example

Can I ask you a question about the homework?

宿題について質問してもいいですか？

C1 verb /ˈliːɡəlaɪz/

legalize

合法化する

Meaning

To make something lawful by official approval.

Example

The government decided to legalize online businesses.

政府はオンラインビジネスを合法化することを決定しました。

A1 adjective /smɔːl/

Small

小さい; 限られた; 狭い

Meaning

little in size; not large; limited in extent or amount

Example

She lives in a small apartment near the university.

彼女は大学の近くの小さなアパートに住んでいます。

C2 adjective /luːˈɡuːbriəs/

lugubrious

陰鬱な

Meaning

looking or sounding sad and dismal

Example

His lugubrious expression made everyone feel uneasy.

彼の陰鬱な表情は皆を不安にさせた。

B1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃəs/

cautious

慎重

Meaning

careful to avoid potential problems or dangers

Example

She was cautious about trusting strangers.

彼女は見知らぬ人を信頼することに慎重だった。

C2 noun /ˈsɔː.dər/

Sawder

お世辞; おべっか

Meaning

flattering or wheedling talk; soft soap

Example

His sawder couldn't convince anyone of his sincerity.

彼のオベッカは誰にも彼の誠実さを納得させることができなかった。

C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

係留する / 荒れ地

Meaning

As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.

Example

The sailors moored the ship at the dock.

水夫たちは船をドックに停泊させました。

C2 noun /njʊˈrældʒə/

neuralgia

神経痛

Meaning

intense, often intermittent pain along a nerve pathway

Example

The patient suffers from neuralgia in her face.

患者は顔に神経痛を抱えています。

C1 noun /ˈtæbloʊ/

tableau

タブロー

Meaning

a striking or artistic scene or arrangement of people or objects, often presented on stage or in art

Example

The actors froze in a tableau that captured the final moment of the play.

俳優たちは、舞台の最後の瞬間を捉えたタブローで凍りつきました。

B2 noun trænˈzɪʃ.ən

transition

移行

Meaning

The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.

Example

The transition from fossil fuels to renewables is vital.

化石燃料から再生可能エネルギーへの移行は重要です。

B2 verb /kweɪk/

quake

震える

Meaning

to shake or tremble, often due to fear or a natural event like an earthquake

Example

The ground began to quake during the earthquake.

地震の間、地面が震え始めた。

C1 adjective /ˈtæŋ.i/

tangy

辛い

Meaning

Having a strong, sharp, and pleasantly biting flavor or taste.

Example

The sauce had a tangy flavor that brightened the dish.

そのソースは、料理をさらに美味しくした辛い味を持っていました。

C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

幽霊

Meaning

an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination

Example

The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.

子供は古い家で幽霊を見たと主張した。

B2 noun /sliːv/

Sleeve

袖

Meaning

the part of a garment that covers the arm

Example

She rolled up her sleeves before starting to cook.

彼女は料理を始める前に袖をまくった。

A2 noun /dɪˈsɪʒənz/

decisions

決定

Meaning

A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration; the action or process of deciding something.

Example

Making the right decisions in time was key to the project's success.

時間内に正しい決定を下すことがプロジェクトの成功の鍵でした。

C1 adjective /ˈdjuːtɪfəl/

Dutiful

義務感のある; 尊敬すべき; 従順な

Meaning

conscientiously fulfilling one's duty; obedient; respectful

Example

She is a dutiful daughter who always helps her parents.

彼女はいつも両親を助ける義務感のある娘です。

B2 noun /ˈædvərtaɪzər/

advertiser

広告主

Meaning

a person or company that advertises a product, service, or event

Example

The advertiser paid millions for a Super Bowl commercial spot.

広告主はスーパーボウルのコマーシャルに何百万ドルも支払った。

C1 adjective /ˈtrænzɪtɔːri/

transitory

一時的な

Meaning

Not permanent; temporary.

Example

The transitory nature of fame makes it difficult to maintain.

名声の一時的な性質は、それを維持するのを難しくします。

C2 noun /ˈlev.ɪ.ti/

Levity

軽薄さ; フリヴォリティ; 尊重の欠如

Meaning

humor or frivolity, especially the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a manner lacking due respect

Example

The levity in the courtroom was inappropriate.

法廷での軽薄さは不適切でした。

C2 noun /ˈhækəlz/

hackles

Meaning

the hairs on the back of an animal’s neck that rise when it is angry or alarmed; figuratively, feelings of anger or resentment

Example

His rude comment raised my hackles.

C2 verb /ˈrævəl/

ravel

絡まる / 解く

Meaning

to tangle or complicate; to untangle or unravel depending on context

Example

She began to ravel the loose threads of the sweater.

彼女はセーターのゆるい糸をほどき始めました。

B2 noun, verb /əˈsɔːlt/

assault

暴行

Meaning

a physical attack or to attack someone violently

Example

He was charged with assault after the fight.

喧嘩の後で暴行の罪で起訴されました。

C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

苦悩

Meaning

Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.

Example

She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.

悲しい知らせを聞いて、彼女は深い苦悩に沈んだ。

B2 adjective /ˈmɒdɪst/

modest

Meaning

Having or showing a humble estimate of one’s importance; simple and not extravagant.

Example

She lives in a modest house in the countryside.

C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

贈賄

Meaning

the quality of being open to bribery or corruption

Example

The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.

スキャンダルは、何人かの高官の贈賄を明らかにした。

B2 verb /feɪnt/

faint

気絶する

Meaning

to lose consciousness for a short time because of a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain

Example

He felt dizzy and fainted in the heat.

彼はめまいを感じ、暑さで気を失った。

C2 noun /ˈɪsməs/ or /ˈɪsθməs/

isthmus

地峡

Meaning

A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas, often with water on either side.

Example

The Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama.

パナマ運河はパナマの地峡を通ります。

C2 verb /ˈbeɪɪŋ/

baying

吠える

Meaning

making a loud, prolonged barking or howling sound, especially of dogs

Example

The baying of the hounds echoed through the forest.

犬の鳴き声が森を通り抜けて響いた。

B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

貯水池

Meaning

A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

Example

The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.

その都市は住民に十分な飲料水を確保するために新しい貯水池を建設した。

B2 verb /ˈtɑːləreɪt/

tolerate

容認する

Meaning

to accept or endure something unpleasant without complaining; to allow something to exist

Example

I cannot tolerate such rude behavior in my classroom.

私はクラスでそのような失礼な行動を容認できません。

B1 noun /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

breathing

幸せ

Meaning

the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs.

Example

Deep breathing can help you relax.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

B2 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈnætʃ.ər.əl/

Supernatural

超自然的な

Meaning

relating to things that cannot be explained by natural or scientific laws; beyond the normal or physical world

Example

The old house was said to have supernatural powers.

その古い家には超自然的な力があると言われていた。

A1 adverb /weər/

Where

どこ

Meaning

In or to what place or position; used to inquire about location

Example

Where did you put my keys?

私の鍵をどこに置きましたか？

B2 noun ˈtɒksɪk ˈɡæsɪz

toxic gases

有毒ガス

Meaning

Poisonous or harmful gases that can cause illness or death

Example

Toxic gases from industries contribute to air pollution.

産業からの有毒ガスは大気汚染に貢献しています。

B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

円形の

Meaning

shaped like a circle; round in form

Example

The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.

子供たちはキャンプファイヤーの周りに円形の配置で座っていました。

B2 noun /ˈkruː.əl.ti/

Cruelty

残酷; 非人道的な扱い; 苦痛を引き起こす行動

Meaning

behavior that causes pain or suffering to others; the quality of being cruel

Example

The documentary exposed the cruelty of factory farming to animals.

ドキュメンタリーは、工場式農業が動物に対して行う残酷さを暴露した。

C2 noun /ˈtrʌmpəri/

trumpery

無価値なナンセンスまたは見せかけのあるが無価値なもの

Meaning

worthless nonsense or showy but worthless things

Example

The speech was full of political trumpery.

その演説は政治的なトランプリーで満ちていた。

C2 verb /əˈbrɪdʒ/

abridge

短縮する

Meaning

to shorten a text without losing its meaning

Example

The editor decided to abridge the long novel for young readers.

編集者は若い読者のために長編小説を短縮することに決めました。

B2 noun /ˈprɛsɪdənt/

precedent

前例

Meaning

An earlier event or decision that serves as a guide or example for future similar situations.

Example

The judge’s ruling set a new precedent for similar cases.

裁判官の判決は、同様の事件のための新たな前例を設定した。

C1 adjective /ˈlɔːf.ti/

Lofty

高い; 崇高な性格; 高貴なスタイル

Meaning

of great height; noble in character; elevated in style

Example

He has lofty ideals about making the world a better place.

彼は世界をより良い場所にするという高い理想を持っています。