B1 noun /ɪkˈspres treɪn/

Express Train

エクスプレス列車

Meaning

a fast train that travels between major stations with few or no intermediate stops

Example

The express train reached the destination in half the usual time.

エクスプレス・トレインは通常の半分の時間で目的地に到着しました。

B1 noun ˈkɒn.fər.əns

conference

会議

Meaning

A formal meeting of people with a shared interest, typically one that takes place over several days.

Example

The climate conference emphasized renewable energy.

気候会議では再生可能エネルギーが強調されました。

B1 adverb /ˈruːdli/

Rudely

失礼に

Meaning

in an impolite or discourteous manner

Example

He rudely interrupted the speaker during the presentation.

彼はプレゼン中に話者を失礼に遮った。

C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

香水産業

Meaning

the art, business, or products of making perfumes

Example

She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.

彼女は高級な香りを作り出すパフューマリーで働いています。

C2 noun /ˈfɔːrʃɔːr/

foreshore

海岸

Meaning

The part of the shore between the high and low tide marks

Example

Children were playing on the foreshore, collecting shells.

子供たちは海岸で遊んでいて、貝殻を集めていました。

C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz/

disabuse

誤解を解く

Meaning

To free someone from a false belief or misconception.

Example

The teacher tried to disabuse the students of their misunderstanding.

先生は生徒たちの誤解を解こうとしました。

B2 verb /ɪkˈsiːd/

exceed

超える

Meaning

to go beyond a limit or expectation

Example

The athlete exceeded everyone's expectations by winning the gold medal.

アスリートは金メダルを獲得することで皆の期待を超えました。

B2 adjective /praɪm/

prime

最優先, 重要な

Meaning

Of the best quality; most important; peak condition.

Example

She is in the prime of her career.

彼女はキャリアの最良の時期にいます。

B2 noun /ˈmeɪnˌlænd/

mainland

Meaning

the principal landmass of a country or continent, as opposed to the surrounding islands

Example

The mainland of Australia is home to most of its population.

B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/

Undisturbed

邪魔されない

Meaning

not interrupted or interfered with; calm and peaceful

Example

She slept undisturbed for eight hours.

彼女は8時間、邪魔されずに眠った。

C1 noun /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

prerogative

特権

Meaning

a special right or privilege exclusive to a particular person or group

Example

It is the manager’s prerogative to make the final decision.

それはマネージャーの権限で最終決定を下すことです。

B1 noun /ˈrɛzɪdəns/

residence

レジデンス

Meaning

a place where someone lives; a home or dwelling

Example

He recently moved to a new residence near the city center.

彼は最近、市内中心部近くの新しいレジデンスに引っ越しました。

B2 noun /paʊtʃ/

pouch

ポーチ

Meaning

a small bag or pocket, often used to carry small items

Example

She kept her coins in a small leather pouch.

彼女は小さな革のポーチにコインを入れていました。

A1 pronoun /wɪtʃ/

which

どれ

Meaning

used to ask about one or more items from a defined set

Example

Which one do you prefer, the red or the blue?

赤と青、どちらを選びますか？

C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈmer.ɪ.kən/

Pan-American

パンアメリカン

Meaning

relating to all the countries of North, Central, and South America

Example

The Pan-American Games bring together athletes from across the continent.

パンアメリカンゲームは大陸全体のアスリートを集めます。

A1 noun /ˈɑːnti/

aunty

おば

Meaning

the sister of one’s father or mother; a term of respectful address for an older woman, especially in South Asian usage

Example

My aunty lives near our house and often visits us.

私のおばは家の近くに住んでいて、よく私たちを訪ねます。

B2 adverb /ˈklɒkwaɪz/

Clockwise

時計回り

Meaning

in the direction that clock hands move; in a circular direction from left to right

Example

Turn the valve clockwise to tighten it.

バルブを時計回りに回して締めてください。

C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

世俗的な、時間的な

Meaning

Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.

Example

The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.

僧侶は彼の世俗的な所有物を放棄して、簡素な生活を送りました。

B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

コブラ

Meaning

a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened

Example

The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.

コブラはフードを上げ、侵入者にシューっと音を立てました。

C2 adjective /mɔːrˈdeɪʃəs/

mordacious

辛辣または皮肉な

Meaning

Sharp or biting in style, tone, or remark; sarcastic.

Example

The critic’s mordacious review offended the author.

批評家の辛辣なレビューは著者を怒らせた。

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɒtɪk/

erotic

エロティック

Meaning

relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement

Example

The novel contained several erotic scenes.

その小説にはいくつかのエロティックなシーンが含まれていました。

C2 noun /ˈprɑːflɪɡəsi/

profligacy

浪費

Meaning

reckless wastefulness or extravagance

Example

His profligacy with money led him to bankruptcy.

彼の浪費は彼を破産させました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

無害な

Meaning

Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.

Example

His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.

彼の無害なコメントは会話を友好的に保ちました。

C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

扇動する, 激しくする

Meaning

to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change

Example

The protesters agitated for better working conditions.

抗議者たちはより良い労働条件を求めて活動した。

C2 adjective /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪtɪd/

variegated

まだらの

Meaning

Having different colors, especially in irregular patches or streaks.

Example

The garden was full of variegated plants.

庭はまだらの植物でいっぱいでした。

C2 noun /ˈbeɪleɪ/

Bele

ベレ魚

Meaning

a type of freshwater fish found in South Asian rivers, known for its distinctive appearance

Example

The bele fish is commonly caught in the rivers of Bangladesh.

ベレ魚はバングラデシュの川でよく捕まえられる。

C2 noun /məˈlæsɪz/

Molasses

モラセス

Meaning

thick, dark, sweet syrup made from sugar cane

Example

The recipe calls for molasses to give the bread a rich flavor.

レシピは、パンにリッチな味を加えるためにモラセスを要求します。

B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

凝縮

Meaning

The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.

Example

Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.

寒い夜に窓に凝縮ができた。

A2 adjective /ˈsaɪ.lənt/

Silent

静かな; 無音の; 騒がない

Meaning

making no sound; quiet; not speaking

Example

The library was completely silent during study hours.

図書館は学習時間中は完全に静かでした。

B1 adjective /ˈrɔɪ.əl/

Royal

ロイヤル

Meaning

belonging to or connected with the monarch or monarchy; magnificent; excellent

Example

The royal family attended the ceremony.

ロイヤルファミリーが式典に出席しました。

C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

理想化する

Meaning

To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.

Example

Children often idealize their parents.

子供たちはしばしば親を理想化します。

C2 noun /maɪˈnjuːʃə/

minutia

細かい事

Meaning

a small or trivial detail of something

Example

He was bored by the minutia of office paperwork.

彼はオフィスの書類の細かい事に飽きていた。

C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

図式的な、または簡潔な

Meaning

Presenting some framework or concept briefly

Example

The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.

エンジニアはプロジェクトのスキマティックな図を提供しました。

C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

風刺する

Meaning

to mock or criticize something using satire

Example

The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.

その劇は現代の企業の貪欲さを風刺しています。

A1 noun /ˈtɔɪlət/

toilet

トイレ

Meaning

a fixture used for the disposal of human waste

Example

The public toilet was clean and well maintained.

公衆トイレは清潔でよく手入れされていました。

B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

振動

Meaning

a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation

Example

The phone's vibration woke me up.

電話の振動で目が覚めた。

A1 noun /wɛst/

west

西

Meaning

the direction to the left of the north and to the right of the south, typically associated with the sunset

Example

The sun sets in the west.

太陽は西に沈みます。

C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

災害; 大惨事

Meaning

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster

Example

The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.

地震は恐ろしいカラミティで、何千人もの家族に影響を与えました。

C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

非アクティブ; 眠っている; 一時的に保留された; 現在アクティブではない

Meaning

inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active

Example

The volcano has been dormant for over a century.

火山は1世紀以上の間休眠状態です。

C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

軽蔑して拒絶する

Meaning

To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.

Example

She spurned his offer of help.

彼女は軽蔑の気持ちで彼の助けの申し出を拒絶した。

B1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈsiːz/

overseas

海外

Meaning

in or to a foreign country across the sea

Example

He went overseas for higher education.

彼は高等教育のために海外に行った。

A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

カバー

Meaning

to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal

Example

Please cover the food to keep it fresh.

食べ物をカバーして、新鮮さを保ってください。

B1 noun /dəˈrɛktər/ or /daɪˈrɛktər/

director

監督

Meaning

a person who manages or oversees a company, department, or film

Example

The director gave final approval for the new movie script.

監督は新しい映画の脚本に最終承認を与えました。

C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

嘔吐, 排出

Meaning

to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly

Example

The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.

壊れたパイプが床全体に水を吐き出しました。

C2 noun /ˈdʒɛntaɪl/

gentile

非ユダヤ人

Meaning

A person who is not Jewish

Example

The synagogue welcomed both Jews and Gentiles.

シナゴーグはユダヤ人と非ユダヤ人の両方を歓迎しました。

B2 adjective /dɪˈbeɪtəbl̩/

debatable

議論の余地がある

Meaning

open to discussion or doubt; not certain

Example

It is debatable whether the policy will work.

その政策が機能するかどうかは議論の余地がある。

B2 noun /ʌnˈsɜːrtənti/

Uncertainty

不確実性; 疑念または確信の欠如

Meaning

the state of being uncertain; doubt or lack of sureness

Example

The uncertainty about the weather delayed our trip.

天気についての不確実性が私たちの旅行を遅らせた。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

不安定な

Meaning

not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability

Example

The instable political situation worried foreign investors.

不安定な政治状況が外国の投資家を心配させた。

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

不可約

Meaning

impossible to reduce or simplify further

Example

The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.

分数 3/7 は不可約です。

C1 adjective /ˈɡruːsəm/

gruesome

恐ろしい

Meaning

Causing horror or disgust.

Example

The police discovered a gruesome crime scene.

警察は恐ろしい犯罪現場を発見しました。

B2 adjective /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

Destructive

破壊的な

Meaning

causing damage; harmful

Example

The hurricane was highly destructive to coastal areas.

ハリケーンは沿岸地域に非常に破壊的でした。

B1 adjective /rɔː/

Raw

生の; 処理されていない; 自然な状態で; 未熟な

Meaning

uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced

Example

The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.

シェフはサラダに生野菜を使うのが好きです。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

針葉樹に関連する

Meaning

Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.

Example

Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.

松の木は針葉樹で、寒冷な気候で育ちます。

C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

小さすぎる

Meaning

Smaller than the usual or expected size.

Example

The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.

小さすぎる子犬は、兄弟姉妹と一緒に歩くのに苦労しました。

C2 noun /ˌdiːnəʊˈteɪʃən/

denotation

指示

Meaning

The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

Example

The denotation of the word 'rose' is a type of flower.

'ローズ'という単語のデノテーションは花の一種です。

B2 verb /ˌriːəˈʃʊr/

reassure

安心させる

Meaning

to say or do something to remove someone's doubts or fears

Example

The teacher reassured the students before the exam.

教師は試験前に生徒を安心させました。

B1 verb /ˈhɛdɪŋ/

heading

進行方向

Meaning

Moving in a particular direction.

Example

The ship is heading toward Antarctica.

船は南極に向かって進んでいる。

A2 adverb /ˌɪnˈdɔːrz/

indoors

屋内で

Meaning

inside a building; within an enclosed space

Example

Because of the rain, everyone stayed indoors.

雨のため、みんな屋内で過ごしました。

A2 adjective /kənˈsɜːnd/

concerned

心配な

Meaning

worried or anxious about something; involved or interested in something

Example

She was concerned about her mother's health.

彼女は母親の健康について心配していた。

B1 adjective /ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/

Elegant

上品な

Meaning

graceful and stylish; refined; sophisticated

Example

She wore an elegant dress to the party.

彼女はパーティーに上品なドレスを着ていた。

C2 noun /ˈkɒnsənəns/

consonance

調和, 一致

Meaning

Agreement or harmony among parts; a pleasing combination of sounds in music or words.

Example

The consonance between their ideas made the project successful.

彼らの考えの調和がプロジェクトを成功に導いた。

B2 phrase teɪk ˈpɜː.sən.əl.i

take personally

個人的に受け取る

Meaning

To interpret someone's words or actions as a personal attack or criticism.

Example

Don't take it personally, he didn't mean to upset you.

個人的に受け取らないで、彼はあなたを怒らせるつもりはなかった。

B2 verb /ʃʌv/

shove

押す

Meaning

to push someone or something roughly

Example

He shoved the box into the corner.

彼は箱を隅に押し込んだ。

B2 noun /ˈseɡ.mənt/

Segment

セクション; 部分; セグメント

Meaning

each of the parts into which something is divided; a section or portion

Example

The orange was divided into eight segments.

オレンジは8つのセグメントに分けられました。

C1 verb /ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪt/

legislate

立法する

Meaning

to make or enact laws

Example

The government plans to legislate new safety standards.

政府は新しい安全基準を制定する計画です。

C1 adjective /flæmˈbɔɪənt/

flamboyant

派手で色鮮やかな、または自信に満ちた

Meaning

showy, strikingly bold or colorful; confident and lively

Example

His flamboyant style drew everyone's attention at the party.

彼の派手なスタイルはパーティーで皆の注目を集めました。

A1 number /eɪt/

eight

八

Meaning

The number equivalent to the product of two and four; one more than seven.

Example

There are eight apples in the basket.

バスケットには八つのリンゴがあります。

C1 noun /peɪˈiː/

payee

受取人

Meaning

A person to whom money is paid or is to be paid.

Example

The payee must sign the check before cashing it.

受取人は小切手を現金化する前に署名する必要があります。

C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

侮辱 / 侮辱的な言葉

Meaning

An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.

Example

He made a slur against her character.

彼は彼女のキャラクターについて侮辱的な発言をした。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈtɛnəbl/

untenable

維持できない

Meaning

not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection

Example

The politician resigned when his position became untenable.

政治家は彼の立場が維持できなくなったときに辞職しました。

A2 adjective /ˈbroʊkən/

Broken

壊れた; 破損した; 断裂した

Meaning

damaged; not working; fractured

Example

The broken window needs to be replaced immediately.

壊れた窓はすぐに交換する必要があります。

C2 noun /ˈflɛkʃən/

flection

屈曲

Meaning

The act of bending or the state of being bent, especially of a limb or joint.

Example

The doctor tested the patient's knee flection during the examination.

医者は検査中に患者の膝の屈曲をテストしました。

B2 noun /meɪz/

Maize

トウモロコシ

Meaning

a tall cereal plant bearing large grains on a cob; corn

Example

Farmers in the region grow maize as their primary crop for both food and animal feed.

この地域の農家は、食料と動物の餌の両方としてトウモロコシを主要な作物として育てています。

B2 noun /ˈkʌs.tə.mər rɪˈten.ʃən/

Customer Retention

顧客維持

Meaning

The ability of a company or product to retain its customers over some specified period.

Example

High customer retention increases business sustainability.

高い顧客維持率は、ビジネスの持続可能性を高めます。

C1 noun /ˈɪŋ.krə.mənt/

Increment

増加

Meaning

an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; a regular increase in salary

Example

He received an annual increment of five percent in his salary this year.

彼は今年、自分の給料に5パーセントの年次増加を受け取った。

B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

王冠

Meaning

a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority

Example

The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.

女王は戴冠式の際に素晴らしい王冠をかぶっていました。

B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

幸せ

Meaning

to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct

Example

Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B2 noun /kənˈfɛʃən/

confession

告白

Meaning

a statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or has done something wrong

Example

The suspect made a full confession to the police.

容疑者は警察に完全な告白をした。

A1 noun /speɪs/

space

空間

Meaning

The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move.

Example

Space exploration expands human knowledge.

宇宙探査は人類の知識を広げます。

B2 noun /rek/

Wreck

破壊; 車両事故;

Meaning

the destruction or disabling of a ship or vehicle; something that has been badly damaged or destroyed

Example

The car wreck blocked the highway for hours.

自動車の事故で高速道路が数時間封鎖された。

B2 noun ˈskruːtɪni

scrutiny

詳細な調査

Meaning

Critical observation or examination

Example

The new law is under scrutiny by the legislative body.

新しい法律は立法機関による詳細な調査の下にあります。

C2 verb /əˈbɑː.mə.neɪt/

abominate

嫌悪する

Meaning

to feel hatred or loathing for something

Example

She abominates cruelty to animals.

彼女は動物への残虐行為を憎んでいます。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːs.tʃər/

Posture

幸福

Meaning

the position in which someone holds their body; a particular attitude or approach

Example

Good posture is important for preventing back pain.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 noun /aʊl/

Owl

フクロウ

Meaning

a nocturnal bird of prey with large eyes and a hooked beak

Example

The owl hooted softly in the darkness of the forest.

フクロウは森の暗闇で静かに鳴いた。

C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

磨く / 徹底的に探す

Meaning

to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly

Example

She scoured the kitchen until it shone.

彼女はキッチンを磨いて、ピカピカにしました。

C2 verb /bɪˈdaɪzən/

bedizen

派手に飾る

Meaning

to dress up or decorate in a showy or tasteless way

Example

She was bedizened with cheap jewelry.

彼女は安いジュエリーで派手に飾られていた。

C1 noun ˈredʒ.ɪ.strɑːr

registrar

レジストラー

Meaning

An official responsible for keeping records or registers.

Example

The registrar oversees all administrative tasks.

レジストラーはすべての行政業務を監督しています。

C1 verb /ˈstaɪfl/

stifle

抑える

Meaning

to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate

Example

She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.

彼女は真剣な会議中に笑いを抑えようとしました。

C1 adverb /ˈnoʊɪŋli/

knowingly

故意に

Meaning

in a way that shows you are aware of something; intentionally

Example

She knowingly kept the secret from her friends.

彼女は故意に友達に秘密を隠しました。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

無関心

Meaning

having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another

Example

She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.

彼女は試合の結果に無関心だった。

C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

アルゴリズムによって駆動される。

Meaning

Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.

Example

Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.

アルゴリズム駆動システムは精度を向上させる。

C2 noun /ˈlɔːŋ.ɡən/

Longan

Meaning

a small round tropical fruit with translucent white flesh and sweet taste, related to lychee

Example

Longan fruits are often eaten fresh or dried and are popular in Asian desserts.

B2 adjective /ˈɒnərəbəl/

honourable

名誉ある

Meaning

deserving respect or admiration because of moral integrity; showing honesty and fairness

Example

She is known as an honourable leader who always keeps her promises.

彼女は常に約束を守る名誉ある指導者として知られている。

C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

普及, 宣伝

Meaning

The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.

Example

The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.

ソーシャルメディアを通じてアイデアの普及が急速に進んでいます。

A2 noun /teɪl/

Tail

尾

Meaning

the rear part of an animal that extends from the back or bottom

Example

The dog wagged its tail happily when it saw its owner.

犬は飼い主を見て嬉しそうに尾を振った。

B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/

Virtual

バーチャル

Meaning

almost or nearly as described, but not completely or according to strict definition; existing in essence or effect, though not in fact

Example

The virtual meeting allowed participants from different countries to collaborate.

バーチャル会議は、さまざまな国からの参加者が協力することを可能にしました。

C1 adverb /ˌðɛərˈʌv/

Thereof

それによって

Meaning

of that; from that

Example

The contract and all amendments thereof must be signed.

契約とそのすべての修正はそれによって署名される必要があります。

C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

長すぎる

Meaning

using too many words; tediously lengthy

Example

The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.

教授の冗長な講義は多くの学生を眠らせた。

C2 noun əˌten.juˈeɪ.ʃən

attenuation

減衰、減少、弱化

Meaning

The reduction of the force, effect, or value of something.

Example

The attenuation of sound waves affects communication.

音波の減衰はコミュニケーションに影響を与えます。

B2 verb /doʊz/

doze

うたた寝

Meaning

To sleep lightly for a short time.

Example

He dozed off while reading the book.

彼は本を読みながらうたた寝をした。

B2 noun /ˈdiː.lɪŋ/

Dealing

取引; 処理; 扱い

Meaning

business transactions; the way of treating people or handling situations

Example

His fair dealing with customers earned him an excellent reputation.

顧客との公正な取引が彼に素晴らしい評判をもたらしました。

A1 noun /lʌntʃ/

Lunch

ランチ

Meaning

a meal eaten in the middle of the day, typically one that is lighter or less formal than an evening meal

Example

We had lunch at a nice restaurant downtown.

私たちは市内の良いレストランでランチをしました。

B2 noun /pəˈræmɪtər/

parameter

パラメーター

Meaning

a limit, boundary, or measurable factor that defines or determines something

Example

We need to set clear parameters for this project.

このプロジェクトのために明確なパラメーターを設定する必要があります。

C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒɪst/

epistemologist

認識論者

Meaning

A scholar or expert who studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.

Example

The epistemologist debated how humans can truly know anything with certainty.

エピステモロジストは、人間がどのようにして確実に何かを知ることができるかについて議論しました。

B1 noun /tʃiːf/

chief

首長

Meaning

a leader or person in charge of a group or organization

Example

The chief of the village made an important decision.

村の首長は重要な決定を下しました。

A2 noun /ɪmˈplɔɪər/

employer

雇用者

Meaning

A person or organization that hires and pays people to work.

Example

The employer promised better benefits to attract skilled workers.

雇用者は熟練した労働者を引き付けるために、より良い福利厚生を約束しました。

C2 noun /ˈfrɔːdjʊləns/

fraudulence

詐欺

Meaning

The quality or state of being fraudulent; deceitfulness.

Example

The audit revealed fraudulence in the financial statements.

監査は財務諸表における詐欺を明らかにしました。

C2 noun /ˈfɜːrlɔːŋ/

furlong

距離の単位（220ヤードまたは約201メートル）

Meaning

a unit of distance equal to 220 yards or about 201 meters

Example

The horse ran a furlong before slowing down.

馬はファーロングを走った後、減速した。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

不随意

Meaning

done without will or conscious control

Example

He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.

彼は大きな音を聞いたとき、不随意に震えた。

A2 adverb /ɪɡˈzækt.li/

Exactly

正確に; 精確に; 完全に同意する

Meaning

precisely; accurately; in complete agreement

Example

Tell me exactly what happened during the meeting.

会議中に何が起こったか正確に教えてください。

B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

コスト効率的

Meaning

Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.

Example

Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.

コスト効率的な解決策は産業に利益をもたらす。

B2 noun /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/

adaptability

適応性

Meaning

The quality of being able to adjust to new conditions or circumstances

Example

Adaptability to changing environments is crucial in business.

変化する環境に適応する能力はビジネスにおいて重要です。

C1 noun /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

rehabilitation

幸福

Meaning

the process of restoring someone or something to health or normal life through training or therapy

Example

After the accident, he went through months of rehabilitation to walk again.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せなかった。

B1 noun /ˈdrɛsɪŋ/

dressing

ドレッシング / 調味料の混合物

Meaning

a sauce for salads; or material used to cover a wound

Example

She prepared a delicious salad with Italian dressing.

彼女はイタリアンドレッシングで美味しいサラダを作った。

C1 adjective /ˈbeɪs.ləs/

Baseless

根拠のない; 事実無根の; 無根拠の

Meaning

without foundation; groundless; unfounded

Example

The accusations against him were completely baseless.

彼に対する告発は完全に根拠のないものでした。

B1 noun ruːlz ənd ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz

rules and regulations

規則と規定

Meaning

Official orders and laws that control how something is done.

Example

Rules and regulations alone cannot change attitudes.

規則と規定だけでは態度を変えることはできません。

B1 adjective /luːs/

loose

緩い

Meaning

not firmly or tightly fixed in place

Example

The screw is loose and needs tightening.

ネジが緩んでいて、締め直す必要があります。

C2 verb /ˈmæsəˌreɪt/

macerate

浸す

Meaning

to soften or break up something, especially food, by soaking in liquid

Example

The chef macerated the fruit in wine before serving.

シェフは果物をワインにマセレートしてから提供しました。

C1 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/

Delicacy

繊細さ; 高級な料理;

Meaning

fineness of texture or structure; a choice or expensive food; sensitivity in handling

Example

The chef prepared a local delicacy that was famous throughout the region.

シェフは地域全体で有名な地元のデリカシーを準備しました。

A2 noun /ˈrɛsɪpi/

recipe

レシピ

Meaning

a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of the ingredients required

Example

I found a great recipe for chocolate cake.

チョコレートケーキの素晴らしいレシピを見つけました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

初期の

Meaning

Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.

Example

The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.

プロジェクトの開始段階は熱心な計画で特徴づけられました。