espouse
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C1 verb /ɪˈspaʊz/

espouse

支持する
Meaning
To adopt or support a cause, belief, or way of life.
Example
She espoused the philosophy of nonviolence throughout her career.
彼女はキャリアを通じて非暴力の哲学を支持していました。
B1 verb/noun /bɔːr/

bore

退屈させる
Meaning
Verb: To make someone feel uninterested or tired; Noun: A dull or tiresome person.
Example
The lecture began to bore the students.
講義は学生を退屈させ始めた。
B2 noun /rʌʃ/

Rush

急ぎ; ラッシュ
Meaning
a sudden quick movement toward something; a period of great activity or demand; hurry
Example
There was a rush to buy tickets for the concert.
コンサートのチケットを買うために急いでいました。
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

無視する
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
その会社は環境規制を無視したため罰金を科せられました。
B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

廃棄
Meaning
the action or process of getting rid of something
Example
The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.
廃棄物の処理は清潔な環境を維持するために重要です。
C1 adverb /iːsˈθetɪkli/

aesthetically

美的に
Meaning
in a way that is concerned with beauty or visual appeal
Example
The building is aesthetically pleasing despite its simple design.
その建物はシンプルなデザインにもかかわらず美的に魅力的です。
C1 noun /ˈdæmpər/

damper

力、効果、または興奮を減少または抑制するもの
Meaning
something that reduces or lessens the force, effect, or excitement
Example
The cancellation of the trip put a damper on their enthusiasm.
旅行のキャンセルは彼らの熱意をそぐことになった。
B2 noun /ɑːrtʃ/

arch

アーチ
Meaning
a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight above it
Example
The ancient arch still stands in the city center.
古代のアーチは今でも街の中心に立っています。
B2 noun /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Dignity

尊厳, 名誉, 自尊
Meaning
the state of being worthy of honor or respect; composure and self-respect
Example
Despite facing hardships, she maintained her dignity throughout the ordeal.
困難に直面しても、彼女は試練を通して尊厳を保ち続けました。
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrbəl/

marble

Meaning
a hard, smooth stone used in building and sculpture, often white with colored lines
Example
The floor of the palace was made of white marble.
C2 noun /rɪˈmɒnstrəns/

remonstrance

抗議
Meaning
A forceful protest or objection.
Example
The workers’ remonstrance against unfair treatment was ignored.
労働者たちの不公平な扱いに対する抗議は無視された。
B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

貢献する
Meaning
to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something
Example
Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.
みんなは先生へのお別れの贈り物を買うためにお金を寄付しました。
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

カリキュラム
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
学校は、デジタルリテラシーのコースをもっと含めるためにカリキュラムを更新しました。
C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

言語学者
Meaning
a person who studies languages and their history
Example
The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.
言語学者は古代の文献を分析して、言語の進化を理解しようとした。
A1 verb /ɡɪv/

give

あげる
Meaning
to freely transfer something to someone
Example
I give gifts to my friends on their birthdays.
私は友達に誕生日にプレゼントをあげます。
B1 verb /əˈsɛs/

assess

評価する
Meaning
to evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
The teacher assessed the students' progress.
教師は学生の進捗を評価しました。
C2 noun /ˈkoʊdə/

coda

コーダ
Meaning
the concluding passage of a piece of music or a literary work
Example
The novel ends with a reflective coda that ties up the themes.
その小説は、テーマを結びつける反省的なコーダで終わります。
B2 verb /buːm/

boom

轟音
Meaning
to make a loud deep sound; to grow or increase rapidly
Example
The thunder boomed across the sky.
雷が空を鳴り響かせた。
C1 noun /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/

reconnaissance

偵察
Meaning
A survey or exploration, especially for military or strategic purposes.
Example
The soldiers conducted a reconnaissance of the enemy camp.
兵士たちは敵のキャンプの偵察を行った。
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪˌsaɪkl/

epicycle

外周上の小円
Meaning
a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger one, used in ancient astronomy
Example
The concept of the epicycle was used to explain planetary motion.
エピサイクルの概念は惑星の運動を説明するために使用されました。
A2 adjective /ˈsɪli/

Silly

馬鹿な; 愚かな
Meaning
foolish; lacking good sense or judgement
Example
Don't be silly, of course you can do it!
馬鹿なこと言わないで、もちろんそれができるよ！
B1 verb /səˈraʊnd/

surround

囲む
Meaning
To be all around someone or something.
Example
Mountains surround the small village.
山々が小さな村を囲んでいます。
B2 noun /njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/

nutrition

栄養
Meaning
The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
Example
Good nutrition is vital for a healthy life.
良い栄養は健康的な生活にとって重要です。
B2 adjective, noun /ˈɛəriəl/

aerial

空中の / アンテナ
Meaning
As an adjective: existing or happening in the air. As a noun: an antenna for receiving radio or television signals.
Example
The pilot performed an amazing aerial maneuver.
パイロットは素晴らしい空中機動を行いました。
C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

体系化する
Meaning
to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code
Example
The committee worked to codify the existing laws.
委員会は既存の法律を体系化するために取り組みました。
C1 adjective ˈkʌm.bə.səm

cumbersome

重い、扱いにくい、運ぶのが難しい
Meaning
Heavy, unwieldy, difficult to handle or carry.
Example
The cumbersome luggage slowed him down.
重い荷物が彼を遅くした。
A2 noun /dʒæz/

jazz

幸せ
Meaning
a style of music characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and strong rhythm, originating in African American communities
Example
She loves listening to live jazz on weekends.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せませんでした。
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrn.fəl/

mournful

悲しい
Meaning
feeling, expressing, or causing sadness or grief
Example
The mournful song reminded her of lost loved ones.
悲しい歌は彼女に失った愛する人々を思い出させました。
C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

Meaning
To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.
Example
The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.
B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

巻き毛の
Meaning
having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils
Example
She has naturally curly hair.
彼女は自然な巻き毛です。
B2 noun ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs

injustice

不正義
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; the practice of being unjust or unfair.
Example
The story portrays the injustices faced by the common people.
物語は一般の人々が直面する不正義を描いています。
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

疑わしい
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
彼女は彼の言い訳を聞いた後、疑わしい目で彼を見ました。
C2 noun/verb /læˈsuː/

lasso

ロープ
Meaning
a rope with a loop used to catch animals; to catch with such a rope
Example
The cowboy lassoed the horse quickly.
カウボーイは素早く馬をラッソしました。
C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

牧畜業, 草原放牧システム
Meaning
A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.
Example
Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.
パストラリズムは伝統的な家畜管理方法です。
B2 adverb /ˈklɒkwaɪz/

Clockwise

時計回り
Meaning
in the direction that clock hands move; in a circular direction from left to right
Example
Turn the valve clockwise to tighten it.
バルブを時計回りに回して締めてください。
C2 adjective /əˈkɪliən/

achillean

アキレス的
Meaning
like or characteristic of Achilles; strong but vulnerable
Example
His achillean pride made him blind to danger.
彼のアキレス的な誇りは彼を危険に対して盲目にした。
B2 noun /sliːv/

Sleeve

袖
Meaning
the part of a garment that covers the arm
Example
She rolled up her sleeves before starting to cook.
彼女は料理を始める前に袖をまくった。
C1 noun /ɪˈnæməl/

enamel

エナメル
Meaning
a hard, glossy substance used as a protective or decorative coating; the hard outer layer of teeth
Example
The dentist explained that enamel protects the teeth from decay.
歯科医は、エナメルが歯を虫歯から守ることを説明しました。
B2 adverb /ˌfɜːrðərˈmɔːr/

furthermore

その上
Meaning
Used to introduce an additional point or idea; in addition.
Example
The plan is simple and, furthermore, it is affordable.
その計画は簡単で、さらに、手頃な価格です。
A1 interjection /ɑː/

ah

ああ
Meaning
used to express realization, surprise, or relief
Example
Ah, now I understand what you mean.
ああ、今あなたが言いたいことがわかりました。
A1 preposition /ˈʌndər/

under

下
Meaning
in or to a lower position than something
Example
The cat is under the table.
猫はテーブルの下にいます。
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

規律の欠如
Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
学生の規律の欠如が学習環境を乱した。
B2 adjective /ˈdræs.tɪk/

Drastic

劇的な; 厳しい; 強い影響を与える
Meaning
extreme; severe; having a strong or far-reaching effect
Example
The company took drastic measures to reduce costs.
会社はコスト削減のために劇的な措置を取った。
C1 noun /əbˈzɜːvəns/

observance

遵守
Meaning
The practice of following a custom, rule, or religious law.
Example
The festival is held in observance of a centuries-old tradition.
その祭りは、数世代にわたる伝統を遵守して行われます。
C2 verb /ɪkˈstɛmpəraɪz/

extemporize

即興する
Meaning
To speak or perform without preparation; improvise.
Example
The actor had to extemporize when he forgot his lines.
俳優はセリフを忘れたとき、即興で演技をしなければなりませんでした。
B2 noun /kənˈtroʊlər/

controller

コントローラー
Meaning
a person or device that manages, directs, or regulates something
Example
The game controller made it easy to play the video game.
ゲームコントローラーはビデオゲームを簡単にプレイできるようにしました。
C2 adjective /ˈɪkθiɪk/

ichthyic

魚のような
Meaning
Relating to or resembling fish.
Example
The artist's painting had an ichthyic quality.
アーティストの絵には魚のような特徴がありました。
C1 verb /hɔːl/

haul

引っ張る
Meaning
to pull or drag something heavy with effort
Example
The workers hauled the boxes into the truck.
作業員たちは箱をトラックに引きずり込んだ。
C2 noun juːˈbɪkwɪti

ubiquity

遍在性
Meaning
The fact of appearing everywhere or of being very common.
Example
The ubiquity of smartphones has transformed communication.
スマートフォンの遍在性は、コミュニケーションを変革しました。
B2 adjective /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/

implicit

暗黙の
Meaning
Suggested or understood without being directly stated.
Example
Her trust in him was implicit.
彼女の彼に対する信頼は暗黙のものでした。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

創造的
Meaning
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
Example
The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.
発明家は日常の問題に対する創造的な解決策で知られていた。
B2 adjective əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ

astonishing

驚くべき
Meaning
Extremely surprising or impressive; amazing.
Example
The astonishing discovery changed the way we view the universe.
その驚くべき発見は、私たちが宇宙を見る方法を変えました。
A2 noun /ˈruːlər/

ruler

支配者; 定規
Meaning
A person who governs or controls a country; a straight-edged tool used for measuring or drawing lines
Example
The ruler drew a straight line on the paper while the king was a powerful ruler of his kingdom.
ルーラーは紙にまっすぐな線を引き、王は自分の王国の強力な支配者でした。
B2 noun /kəˈkeɪn/

cocaine

コカイン (麻薬)
Meaning
a powerful and addictive illegal drug made from coca leaves
Example
He was arrested for possessing cocaine.
彼はコカイン所持で逮捕されました。
C2 verb /ˈdɛsɪkreɪt/

desecrate

冒涜する
Meaning
to treat a sacred place or object with disrespect or violation
Example
The vandals desecrated the ancient temple walls with graffiti.
ヴァンダルたちは古代の寺院の壁をグラフィティで冒涜しました。
A2 verb /ˈbɑroʊ/

borrow

借りる
Meaning
to take temporarily with intention to return; to take on loan
Example
Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
ちょっとあなたのペンを借りてもいいですか？
B1 adjective /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

historical

歴史的
Meaning
Related to history or past events.
Example
The museum has a large collection of historical documents.
博物館には多くの歴史的な文書が収蔵されています。
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːˌblaɪnd/

purblind

盲目または無知
Meaning
Having impaired or defective vision; lacking insight or understanding.
Example
The purblind approach to the problem led to many mistakes.
問題に対する盲目的なアプローチは多くの間違いを招いた。
C2 verb /ˈfrʌktɪˌfaɪ/

fructify

実らせる
Meaning
To make fruitful or productive; to bear fruit.
Example
The new policies will help fructify the economic potential of the region.
新しい政策は地域の経済的な潜在能力を実らせるのに役立ちます。
C2 adjective /eɪˈsɛfələs/

acephalous

Meaning
having no leader or head; headless
Example
The acephalous group soon fell into disorganization.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

極化する
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
論争を呼んだ決定は世論を二つの対立する意見に分けた。
B1 noun /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

achievement

達成
Meaning
Something that has been successfully completed or accomplished through effort or skill.
Example
Graduating from university was her greatest achievement.
大学を卒業することは彼女の最大の達成でした。
C2 adjective /pəˈluːsɪd/

pellucid

透明
Meaning
Transparently clear; easy to understand.
Example
The lake water was so pellucid that you could see the stones at the bottom.
湖の水はとても透明で、底の石まで見えるほどでした。
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

禁止的な
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
禁止的な法律は地域で厳しく適用された。
C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

相続人
Meaning
a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies
Example
She became the inheritor of her family's estate.
彼女は家族の財産の相続人となった。
B2 noun /ˈspəʊksmən/

spokesman

スポークスマン
Meaning
a person who speaks on behalf of others, especially for a group or organization
Example
The spokesman addressed the crowd during the rally.
スポークスマンは集会中に群衆に向かって話した。
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

刻む
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
アーティストはガラスに自分のイニシャルを刻みました。
C1 noun /ˈdɛdlɒk/

deadlock

行き詰まり
Meaning
a situation in which progress is impossible because of disagreement
Example
Negotiations reached a deadlock after neither side agreed to compromise.
交渉は双方が妥協に同意しなかったため行き詰まりました。
B1 noun fləʊ

flow

流れ
Meaning
The action or fact of moving along in a steady, continuous stream
Example
The flow of information must be secured.
情報の流れは確保されなければならない。
B2 adjective /wiː/

wee

とても小さい
Meaning
very small in size; tiny
Example
She gave me a wee smile before leaving.
彼女は去る前に小さな笑顔をくれました。
C2 noun /mæn əv wɔːr/

Man of war

戦艦
Meaning
a warship; a naval vessel equipped with weapons for warfare
Example
The man of war sailed across the ocean to defend the coast.
戦艦は海を越えて、海岸を守るために進んだ。
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

動物プランクトン
Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
動物プランクトンは水生食物連鎖で重要な役割を果たします。
C2 noun /ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ/

braggadocio

自慢話
Meaning
boastful or arrogant behavior; empty boasting
Example
His endless braggadocio annoyed everyone at the party.
彼の終わりのない自慢話はパーティーの皆をイライラさせた。
B2 adjective /dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv/

definitive

決定的
Meaning
serving as a final or most authoritative form; conclusive and decisive
Example
The committee reached a definitive agreement on the policy.
委員会は政策に関する決定的な合意に達しました。
A2 noun /ˈstʌmək/

Stomach

胃
Meaning
the organ in the body where food is digested; the belly or abdomen
Example
My stomach hurts after eating too much.
食べ過ぎた後、胃が痛いです。
B2 noun /fɔːrt/

Fort

砦
Meaning
a strong building or group of buildings where soldiers live and defend
Example
The ancient fort stood on top of the hill for centuries.
古代のフォートは何世代にもわたって丘の上に立っていました。
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪɡniə/

insignia

徽章
Meaning
A badge or symbol that shows rank, position, or membership.
Example
The soldier proudly wore the insignia of his regiment.
兵士は誇らしげに自分の連隊の徽章を身に着けていました。
C1 verb /feɪn/

feign

装う、ふりをする
Meaning
to pretend or fake; to give a false appearance of
Example
She feigned illness to avoid going to work.
彼女は仕事に行かないために病気を装った。
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/

impracticable

実行不可能
Meaning
Not capable of being carried out or put into practice.
Example
The plan seemed impracticable due to limited resources.
資源が限られていたため、計画は実行不可能に見えました。
A2 adverb /ɪnˈstɛd/

instead

代わりに
Meaning
As an alternative or substitute.
Example
She didn’t buy the dress; instead, she chose a pair of shoes.
彼女はドレスを買わなかった。代わりに、彼女は靴を選んだ。
A2 verb /rɪˈdjuːs/

reduce

減らす
Meaning
to make smaller in size, amount, or degree; to decrease
Example
We need to reduce our expenses this month.
今月は支出を減らす必要があります。
B1 adjective /ɪkˈspɛktɪd/

expected

予期された
Meaning
Regarded as likely to happen; anticipated or predicted.
Example
The unemployment rate is expected to decline further.
失業率はさらに低下すると予想されています。
C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

盗作
Meaning
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own
Example
The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.
学生はエッセイで盗作を行ったため、退学させられました。
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

結合された
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
チームの共同の努力は成功をもたらしました。
A2 adjective /ˈnɔːti/

naughty

いたずら
Meaning
Disobedient or mischievous, often in a playful or mildly bad way.
Example
The naughty child drew on the walls with crayons.
いたずらな子供がクレヨンで壁に絵を描きました。
B2 noun /ˈspɔːrtsmən/

sportsman

スポーツ選手
Meaning
A person who is skilled in sports or enjoys participating in athletic activities.
Example
He is a true sportsman, always fair and respectful to his opponents.
彼は本物のスポーツ選手で、常に相手に対して公正で尊敬を示す。
C1 adjective /ˈsɒmbər/

somber

陰気
Meaning
Dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy or serious.
Example
The funeral had a somber atmosphere.
葬式には暗い雰囲気がありました。
C2 noun /ˌtrænspəˈzɪʃən/

transposition

転置
Meaning
the act of changing the order or position of something
Example
The transposition of digits caused an error in the calculation.
数字の転置が計算ミスを引き起こした。
C2 adjective /ˈsækərɪn/

saccharine

幸せ
Meaning
Excessively sweet or sentimental.
Example
His saccharine smile seemed insincere.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

従順
Meaning
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
Example
Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.
彼女の従順さは彼女を同僚の中で人気者にしました。
C2 noun /ɪmˈpruː.dəns/

Imprudence

無分別; 不注意; 軽率
Meaning
the quality of being imprudent; lack of care for consequences; recklessness
Example
His financial imprudence led to bankruptcy within just two years.
彼の財務の無分別は、わずか2年で破産を招いた。
B2 verb /stɑːv/

starve

飢え死に
Meaning
to suffer or die from lack of food
Example
He was left to starve in the desert.
彼は砂漠で飢え死にするために放置された。
A1 pronoun /maɪˈsɛlf/

myself

自分
Meaning
used for emphasis or to refer to oneself
Example
I will do it myself.
私は自分でそれをやります。
C2 noun /ˈstænʃən/

stanchion

支柱
Meaning
a strong upright bar or post used as support or to control movement
Example
The red rope was attached to the stanchions to guide the crowd.
赤いロープは群衆を導くためにスタンションに取り付けられていた。
C1 adverb /ˈfɜː.vənt.li/

Fervently

熱心に; 熱烈に;
Meaning
with passionate intensity; ardently; with great emotion or enthusiasm
Example
She fervently hoped that her dreams would come true.
彼女は自分の夢が実現することを熱心に願っていました。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtər/

commentator

解説者
Meaning
a person who reports and discusses events, especially on TV or radio
Example
The commentator described the football match in detail.
解説者はサッカーの試合を詳細に説明しました。
C1 noun /ˈwɪzərdri/

wizardry

魔法の技術
Meaning
The art or practice of magic; great skill or expertise in something.
Example
The programmer's wizardry amazed everyone in the room.
プログラマーの魔法の技術は部屋の中の全員を驚かせました。
B2 noun /daɪˈnæmɪks/

dynamics

ダイナミクス
Meaning
the forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process
Example
The dynamics of the team changed after the new manager joined.
新しいマネージャーが参加した後、チームのダイナミクスは変化しました。
C1 noun /ˈtreɪ.ki.ə/

Trachea

気管
Meaning
the tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs; windpipe
Example
The trachea is protected by cartilage rings that keep it open.
気管は軟骨環によって保護され、開いた状態を保ちます。
C2 noun /ˈɒb.stɪ.nə.si/

obstinacy

頑固
Meaning
Stubborn refusal to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
Example
His obstinacy made negotiations difficult.
彼の頑固さは交渉を難しくしました。
C2 adjective /ˌʌnɪkˈsɛpʃənəbl/

unexceptionable

非の打ち所がない
Meaning
Not open to objection; acceptable and unobjectionable
Example
His behavior was unexceptionable throughout the event.
彼の行動はイベント中ずっと非の打ち所がなかった。
C2 noun /ˈvɪtəlz/

victuals

食料
Meaning
Food or provisions, especially for human consumption.
Example
The travelers packed enough victuals for their long journey.
旅行者たちは長い旅のために十分な食料を詰め込みました。
B2 adjective /ˈhɒs.taɪl/

Hostile

敵対的; 攻撃的; 対立的;
Meaning
unfriendly; aggressive; antagonistic;
Example
The hostile environment made it difficult to work.
敵対的な環境は仕事を難しくしました。
A1 adjective /hɑːrd/

hard

硬い
Meaning
solid, firm, or difficult to do or endure
Example
The exam was very hard for most students.
試験はほとんどの学生にとって非常に難しかった。
B2 noun /ˈten.ənt/

Tenant

借家人
Meaning
a person who rents and occupies property owned by someone else
Example
The landlord met with the new tenant to sign the lease agreement.
家主は新しい借家人と会って、賃貸契約に署名しました。
A2 noun /ˈsɒkər/

soccer

サッカー
Meaning
a sport in which two teams of eleven players each try to score goals by kicking a ball into the opposing goal
Example
He loves to play soccer with his friends.
彼は友達とサッカーをするのが好きです。
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

毛穴 / 注意深く研究する
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
彼女は決定を下す前に何時間も書類をじっくりと読みました。
C1 noun /ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪtər/

legislator

立法者
Meaning
a person who makes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The legislator introduced a bill to improve healthcare.
立法者は医療サービス改善のために法案を提出しました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʒen.dər/

engender

生じる
Meaning
To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Example
The speech engendered hope among the people.
スピーチは人々の間に希望を生んだ。
B1 verb /əˈtʃiːv/

achieve

達成する
Meaning
to successfully bring about or reach a desired goal or result
Example
She worked hard to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.
彼女は医者になるという夢を達成するために一生懸命働いた。
A2 noun /ˈpɪərɪəd/

period

期間
Meaning
a length or portion of time
Example
The meeting will last for a period of two hours.
会議は2時間の期間続きます。
A1 interjection /ʌ/

uh

ああ
Meaning
a sound people make when they hesitate or are unsure what to say next.
Example
Uh, I’m not sure if that’s the right answer.
ああ、それが正しい答えかどうかはわからない。
B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

期待; 予想;
Meaning
a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation
Example
The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.
新しい教師は、その革新的な教授法で皆の期待を超えました。
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrʃəs/

tortious

不法行為
Meaning
Relating to or involving a wrongful act leading to legal liability.
Example
The company was found guilty of tortious interference with contracts.
その企業は契約への不法干渉で有罪判決を受けた。
C1 verb /rɪˈkaʊnt/

recount

語る
Meaning
to narrate or tell the details of an event or experience
Example
She recounted her adventures during the summer trip.
彼女は夏の旅行中の冒険について語った。
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

反復する
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
ソフトウェアチームは、ユーザーのニーズを満たすまでデザインを繰り返します。
C2 verb /ɪkˈspɛktəreɪt/

expectorate

痰を吐く
Meaning
to cough up and spit out mucus from the throat or lungs
Example
The patient began to expectorate thick mucus.
患者は濃い粘液を吐き始めました。
C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

苛立たせる
Meaning
to annoy or irritate someone
Example
It irks me when people are late without calling.
人々が電話をかけずに遅れると、私はイライラします。
B2 verb /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/

modify

変更する
Meaning
to change or alter something; to make partial changes
Example
We need to modify the plan to include more details.
計画を変更して、詳細を追加する必要があります。
C1 noun ˈlɪniɪdʒ

Lineage

家系
Meaning
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Example
Tracing your lineage can reveal unknown ancestors.
自分の家系を追跡することで、未知の先祖が明らかになることがあります。
B1 adjective /əˈʃeɪmd/

Ashamed

恥ずかしい
Meaning
feeling embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions
Example
He was ashamed of his poor performance.
彼は自分の悪い成績に恥ずかしさを感じていた。