C1 adjective /dræb/

drab

地味な

Meaning

Dull, lacking brightness or interest; monotonous.

Example

The room looked drab with its gray walls and dim lighting.

灰色の壁と薄暗い照明でその部屋は地味に見えた。

A2 noun /ˈdɒŋ.ki/

Donkey

ロバ

Meaning

a domesticated animal related to the horse, with long ears and a braying call

Example

The donkey carried heavy bags up the mountain.

そのロバは重い袋を山へ運びました。

B2 noun /ˌdel.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

delegation

代表団

Meaning

A group of people chosen to represent others in negotiations or discussions.

Example

The delegation presented their country's agenda.

代表団は自国の議題を提示しました。

C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

非アクティブ; 眠っている; 一時的に保留された; 現在アクティブではない

Meaning

inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active

Example

The volcano has been dormant for over a century.

火山は1世紀以上の間休眠状態です。

C1 noun ˌdɪm.ɪˈnjuː.ʃən

diminution

減少

Meaning

A reduction in the size, extent, or importance of something; decrease.

Example

There has been a diminution in air pollution.

大気汚染の減少がありました。

C2 noun /draɪd roʊz ˈpɛtəlz/

Dried Rose Petals

乾燥ローズの花びら

Meaning

dehydrated petals from roses used for culinary and aromatic purposes

Example

The dessert was garnished with dried rose petals.

デザートは乾燥ローズの花びらで飾られていました。

C1 adjective /dɪˈpreɪvd/

depraved

堕落した

Meaning

morally corrupt or wicked

Example

The film depicts the life of a depraved criminal.

その映画は堕落した犯罪者の人生を描いています。

C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

Meaning

To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.

Example

The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.

B2 verb /dɪˈnaʊns/

denounce

非難する

Meaning

To publicly declare something to be wrong, evil, or condemn strongly.

Example

The leader denounced corruption in his speech.

リーダーはスピーチで汚職を非難しました。

C2 noun /ˈdɛsɪkənt/

desiccant

乾燥剤

Meaning

a substance that absorbs moisture and keeps things dry

Example

Silica gel packets are commonly used as a desiccant in packaging.

シリカゲルのパケットは、パッケージングで乾燥剤として一般的に使用されます。

C2 verb /dɪˈstreɪn/

distrain

差し押さえる

Meaning

to seize someone's property in order to obtain payment of rent or other money owed

Example

The landlord distrained the tenant's furniture for unpaid rent.

家主は未払いの家賃のために借家人の家具を差し押さえました。

C1 adjective /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/

degraded

劣化した

Meaning

Reduced in quality, dignity, or condition.

Example

The villagers were forced to live in degraded conditions.

村人たちは劣化した状態で暮らさざるを得なかった。

C2 verb /diːˈpɒpjʊˌleɪt/

depopulate

人口減少

Meaning

To reduce the number of people living in a place.

Example

The war threatened to depopulate the once-thriving town.

戦争はかつて繁栄していた町を人口減少させる脅威を与えた。

C2 noun /dəˈkɔɪt/

Dacoit

盗賊

Meaning

a member of an armed gang of robbers; a bandit, especially in India and Myanmar

Example

The village was terrorized by a gang of dacoits who robbed travelers.

その村は、旅行者を強盗した強盗団によって恐怖に陥れられました。

C2 noun /ˌdiːlɛkˈteɪʃən/

delectation

喜び

Meaning

great pleasure or delight

Example

She read the story aloud for the delectation of her friends.

彼女は友達の喜びのために物語を大声で読みました。

B1 adjective /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

Dying

死にかけている; 死亡している;

Meaning

approaching death; in the process of dying; fading away

Example

The dying plant needs water immediately.

死にかけている植物は直ちに水が必要です。

A2 noun /ˈdrɔːər/

drawer

引き出し

Meaning

a box-shaped storage compartment that slides in and out of furniture

Example

She kept her jewelry in the top drawer of the dresser.

彼女はジュエリーをドレッサーの上の引き出しに入れた。

C2 verb /dɪˈfoʊlieɪt/

defoliate

葉を落とす

Meaning

to strip leaves from a tree, plant, or area, often using chemicals

Example

The farmers defoliated the fields before harvest.

農家は収穫前に畑の葉を取り除きました。

B2 noun /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

distribution

配布

Meaning

the act of sharing or delivering something to multiple people or places

Example

The company manages the distribution of food supplies to rural areas.

その会社は農村地域への食品供給の配布を管理しています。

C1 verb /dɪˈmoʊt/

demote

降格

Meaning

to reduce to a lower rank or position

Example

The manager decided to demote the employee for poor performance.

マネージャーはパフォーマンスが悪いため、従業員を降格させることに決めました。

B1 verb /dɪp/

dip

浸す

Meaning

to put something quickly into a liquid and take it out again

Example

She dipped her bread into the soup.

彼女はパンをスープに浸しました。

B1 noun /ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

Decoration

装飾; 飾り; 賞;

Meaning

the process or art of decorating something; ornamental items used to beautify

Example

The Christmas decoration transformed the ordinary room into a festive wonderland.

クリスマスのデコレーションは、普通の部屋をお祝いのワンダーランドに変えました。

B2 verb /dɪˈpɪkt/

depict

Meaning

to represent or show something in a picture, story, or other art form

Example

The painting depicts a beautiful sunset over the sea.

C1 verb /diːˈfjuːz/

defuse

Meaning

To make a situation less dangerous, tense, or explosive; to remove a fuse from a bomb.

Example

The negotiator helped defuse the tense situation.

B2 noun /dɪkˈteɪtə/

dictator

独裁者

Meaning

a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force

Example

The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist.

独裁者は鉄の拳で国を支配した。

C1 noun ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən

deposition

堆積、何かを堆積させるプロセス

Meaning

The action of depositing something; the laying down of matter by a natural process.

Example

River deposition leads to the formation of new landmasses.

河川の堆積は新しい大陸の形成をもたらします。

C1 noun ˌdiːˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən

deregulation

規制緩和

Meaning

The removal or reduction of government regulations in an economic sector.

Example

Deregulation has increased competition in the telecommunications sector.

規制緩和は通信業界で競争を促進しました。

C2 noun /drɛɡz/

dregs

残渣

Meaning

the remnants of a liquid left in a container, together with any sediment or grounds; the most worthless part of something

Example

He drank the dregs of the coffee before leaving.

彼は出発する前にコーヒーの残渣を飲んだ。

C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

鋭い

Meaning

having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well

Example

He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.

彼は鋭い読者で、微細な詳細に気づきます。

B2 noun /daɪˈmen.ʃənz/

dimensions

次元

Meaning

Aspects or features of a situation, problem, or thing.

Example

New dimensions of space exploration are being uncovered.

宇宙探査の新しい次元が明らかになっています。

C2 noun /ˈdɛrɪk/

derrick

掘削塔

Meaning

A framework or tower used for supporting a crane, especially for oil drilling or lifting heavy loads.

Example

The workers assembled a derrick at the oil drilling site.

作業員たちは石油掘削サイトで掘削塔を組み立てました。

C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

暴君

Meaning

a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way

Example

The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.

暴君は恐怖と暴力で国を支配した。

B2 adjective /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/

Dominant

支配的な; 影響力のある; 最も重要な

Meaning

controlling, influencing, or prevailing over others; most important or powerful

Example

The dominant player controlled the entire basketball game.

支配的な選手はバスケットボールの試合を完全に支配しました。

B2 verb /dɪsˈkloʊz/

disclose

開示する

Meaning

to reveal or make information known; to expose

Example

The company must disclose all financial information.

その会社はすべての財務情報を開示しなければならない。

B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

廃棄

Meaning

the action or process of getting rid of something

Example

The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.

廃棄物の処理は清潔な環境を維持するために重要です。

C1 adjective dɪ ˈskrɛʃ.ən.er.i

discretionary

裁量の

Meaning

Available for use at the discretion of the user; not required or mandatory.

Example

He set aside some discretionary income for travel.

彼は旅行のためにいくらかの裁量所得を取っておいた。

C1 adjective /ˈdaʊn.kæst/

downcast

Meaning

feeling sad, dejected, or with lowered eyes

Example

He looked downcast after hearing the bad news.

C1 adjective /ˈdɛkədənt/

decadent

堕落的, 贅沢な

Meaning

Characterized by or reflecting a state of moral or cultural decline; excessively self-indulgent.

Example

The party was filled with decadent luxury and excess.

パーティーは堕落的な贅沢と過剰で満たされていました。

C1 noun delˈteɪɪk ˈlændskeɪp

deltaic landscape

デルタ地形

Meaning

A geographical area formed by sediment deposits at the mouth of a river, creating a triangular land formation.

Example

Bangladesh has a unique deltaic landscape.

バングラデシュにはユニークなデルタ地形があります。

C1 noun/adjective /dɪˈtɜː.rənt/

deterrent

抑止力

Meaning

A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something.

Example

A strict law serves as a deterrent to crime.

厳格な法律は犯罪の抑止力として機能します。

C1 noun /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Deficiency

不足; 欠乏; 不足感

Meaning

a lack or shortage of something; inadequacy or insufficiency

Example

The doctor diagnosed a vitamin D deficiency in the patient's blood test.

医師は患者の血液検査でビタミンDの不足を診断しました。

C2 noun /dɪˈpɑːzɪtər/

depositor

預金者

Meaning

a person who places money in a bank or financial institution

Example

The bank provides insurance to protect depositors’ funds.

銀行は預金者の資金を保護するために保険を提供しています。

C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl/

dialectical

弁証法的

Meaning

Relating to the logical discussion of ideas and opinions.

Example

She took a dialectical approach to solve the complex issue.

彼女は複雑な問題を解決するために弁証法的なアプローチを取りました。

B2 verb/noun /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/

disregard

軽蔑

Meaning

To ignore something; lack of consideration or respect for something.

Example

He disregarded the warning signs and kept driving.

彼は警告のサインを無視して運転し続けました。

A2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/

disagree

異議を唱える

Meaning

to have a different opinion; to not agree

Example

I disagree with your assessment of the situation.

私はあなたの状況評価に同意しません。

C2 noun /ˈdʌlərd/

dullard

愚か者

Meaning

a slow or stupid person

Example

He was considered a dullard by his classmates.

彼はクラスメートによって愚か者だと考えられていた。

A1 noun /dres/

Dress

ドレス

Meaning

a piece of clothing for women or girls that covers the body and extends down over the legs

Example

She wore a beautiful blue dress to the party.

彼女はパーティーで美しい青いドレスを着ていました。

C2 noun /doʊˈniː/

donee

受贈者

Meaning

A person who receives a gift or donation.

Example

The scholarship fund’s donee expressed heartfelt gratitude.

奨学金基金の受贈者は心からの感謝の意を表しました。

C2 noun /ˈdɛkəˌpɒd/

decapod

十脚目

Meaning

An arthropod with ten limbs, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps.

Example

The lobster is a well-known decapod.

ロブスターは有名な十脚目です。

B1 noun /ˈdeə.ri/

Dairy

牛乳が生産される建物や農場; 牛乳から作られた製品; 牛乳と乳製品を販売する店

Meaning

a building or farm where milk is produced; products made from milk; a shop selling milk and milk products

Example

The local dairy provides fresh milk and cheese to the entire neighborhood.

地元のデイリーは、新鮮な牛乳とチーズを地域全体に提供しています。

B2 verb dɪˈspætʃt

dispatched

派遣された

Meaning

To send off to a destination or for a purpose.

Example

A team was dispatched quickly.

チームは迅速に派遣されました。

C1 verb /dɪˈkraɪ/

decry

非難する

Meaning

to publicly criticize or express strong disapproval of something

Example

Many activists decry the destruction of the rainforest.

多くの活動家が熱帯雨林の破壊を非難しています。

C2 noun /ˌdɪpsəˈmeɪniæk/

dipsomaniac

アルコール中毒者

Meaning

A person with an uncontrollable craving for alcoholic drinks.

Example

The novel portrayed the tragic downfall of a dipsomaniac who lost everything to alcohol.

その小説はアルコールに全てを失ったアルコール中毒者の悲劇的な転落を描いています。

C1 verb /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrt/

disconcert

動揺させる

Meaning

To unsettle, confuse, or disturb the composure of someone.

Example

The sudden change of plans disconcerted the team.

突然の計画変更がチームを混乱させた。

C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

Meaning

An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.

Example

The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.

C1 noun /ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/

decibel

デシベル

Meaning

a unit used to measure the intensity of sound

Example

The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels.

工場の騒音レベルは90デシベルを超えました。

C2 verb /dɒf/

doff

帽子を脱ぐ（敬意の印として）

Meaning

to take off an item of clothing, especially a hat, as a sign of respect

Example

He doffed his hat as the procession passed.

彼は行列が通り過ぎるときに帽子を脱いだ。

B2 adjective /dɪsˈɡreɪsfəl/

Disgraceful

恥ずべき; 不名誉な; 非難に値する

Meaning

shameful; bringing dishonor; worthy of condemnation

Example

His disgraceful behavior shocked everyone at the party.

彼の恥ずべき行動はパーティーでみんなを驚かせました。

C2 verb /dɪsˈbɜːrdən/

disburden

負担を軽減する

Meaning

to relieve someone of a burden or load

Example

She disburdened herself of worries by sharing them with her friend.

彼女は心配を友達と共有することで自分を負担から解放した。

B1 noun/verb /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/

document

文書

Meaning

Noun: A written, printed, or electronic record that provides information or evidence. Verb: To record information in written or electronic form.

Example

She carefully documented all the expenses of the trip.

彼女は旅行のすべての費用を慎重にドキュメントした。

C2 noun /dɪˈbɔːtʃəri/

debauchery

堕落

Meaning

excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures; corruption or vice

Example

The novel depicts the debauchery of the aristocrats in the city.

この小説は街の貴族たちの堕落を描いています。

C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

爆発

Meaning

The act of exploding or causing something to explode.

Example

The sudden detonation shook the entire building.

突然の爆発が建物全体を揺さぶった。

B2 noun /ˈdraɪv.weɪ/

driveway

車道

Meaning

a short private road leading from a street to a house or garage

Example

The car was parked in the driveway next to the garden.

車は庭の隣の車道に停められていた。

C1 verb /ˈdæŋɡəl/

dangle

ぶら下がる

Meaning

to hang loosely or swing freely

Example

The keys dangled from his belt.

鍵がベルトからぶら下がっていました。

C1 adjective /ˈdesələt/

Desolate

荒涼; 孤独; 不毛

Meaning

deserted; lonely; barren

Example

The abandoned village looked desolate and empty.

放棄された村は荒涼として空っぽに見えた。

A2 verb /dɪˈpend/

depend

頼る

Meaning

to rely on someone or something for support

Example

Children depend on their parents for care.

子供たちは親に頼って世話を受けています。

C2 adjective /daɪˈdæktɪk/

didactic

教育的な

Meaning

Intended to teach, often with a moral lesson.

Example

The novel is not just entertaining but also didactic in nature.

その小説はただの娯楽ではなく、教育的な性質も持っている。

B2 verb dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt

deteriorate

悪化する

Meaning

To become progressively worse in quality, condition, or performance; to decline.

Example

Unplanned growth can deteriorate living conditions.

計画外の成長は生活環境を悪化させる可能性があります。

C1 verb /dɪˈmiːn/

demean

侮辱する

Meaning

to cause someone to lose dignity or respect

Example

The manager demeaned his employees with rude remarks.

マネージャーは粗野なコメントで社員を侮辱しました。

C2 adjective /ˈdəʊ.lə.rəs/

dolorous

Meaning

Expressing great sorrow or distress.

Example

He spoke in a dolorous tone after the loss.

C1 noun /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

disposition

Meaning

A person's usual attitude or temperament; arrangement or tendency.

Example

She has a cheerful disposition despite the difficulties.

C1 adjective /dɪˈfaɪənt/

Defiant

反抗的な; 逆らう

Meaning

boldly resistant or challenging; disobedient

Example

The defiant student refused to follow the rules.

その反抗的な学生はルールに従うことを拒否しました。

C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

不安を引き起こす

Meaning

Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.

Example

The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.

そのニュース報告は公衆にとって非常に不安を引き起こすものでした。

C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.li.ə/

Dahlia

ダリア

Meaning

a garden plant with brightly colored flowers that bloom in summer and autumn

Example

She planted colorful dahlias in her garden last summer.

彼女は昨年の夏に庭にカラフルなダリアを植えました。

C2 noun /ˈdɒkɪt/

docket

リスト

Meaning

a list or schedule of cases to be tried in a court or items to be done

Example

The judge reviewed the docket before starting the session.

裁判官はセッションを開始する前にリストを確認しました。

C2 adjective /ˈdɔːnt.ləs/

dauntless

無敵の、勇敢な、決然とした

Meaning

Showing fearlessness and determination; brave and resolute.

Example

The dauntless soldier fought against all odds.

無敵の兵士はすべての困難に立ち向かった。

C2 noun /djuːˈplɪsɪti/

duplicity

二重性

Meaning

Deceitfulness or double-dealing; dishonesty.

Example

Her duplicity was revealed during the investigation.

調査中に彼女の二重性が明らかになった。

C1 verb /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/

domesticate

家畜化する

Meaning

to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use

Example

Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago.

人間は数千年前に犬を家畜化しました。

C1 adjective /ˈdaʊ.ər/

dour

厳格

Meaning

relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance

Example

His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable.

彼の厳格な表情は会議を不快にした。

C2 verb /diːˈmæɡnɪtaɪz/

demagnetize

デマグネタイズ

Meaning

To remove or reduce the magnetic properties of something.

Example

The technician demagnetized the old cassette tape.

技術者は古いカセットテープの磁気を取り除いた。

C2 noun /ˈdrʌmɪt/

Drumet

ドラメット

Meaning

a small drum used in military or marching bands

Example

The drummer played a steady beat on the drumet during the parade.

ドラマーはパレード中にドゥルメットで一定のリズムを演奏しました。

B1 noun dɪˈmɒk.rə.si

democracy

民主主義

Meaning

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Example

Democracy ensures equal rights for all citizens.

民主主義はすべての市民に平等な権利を保障します。

B1 noun /dɜːrt/

Dirt

汚れ; 土; 不潔な物質

Meaning

a substance that makes something unclean; earth or soil; unclean matter

Example

After playing in the garden, the children were covered in dirt from head to toe.

庭で遊んだ後、子供たちは頭から足まで汚れで覆われていました。

C2 noun/verb /dɪsˈfeɪvər/

disfavor

不支持 / 不快

Meaning

disapproval or dislike; to regard with disapproval

Example

The new policy fell into disfavor with the public.

新しい政策は一般の人々の間で不評を買いました。

B2 adjective /dɪˈfektɪv/

Defective

欠陥のある; 不完全な

Meaning

having faults or defects; imperfect

Example

The defective product was returned to the store.

欠陥のある製品は店に返品されました。

C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒɪst/

dermatologist

皮膚科医

Meaning

A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.

Example

She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy.

彼女は皮膚のアレルギーのために皮膚科医に相談した。

C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

剥奪, 欠乏, 不足

Meaning

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.

Example

Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.

睡眠不足は認知機能に影響を与えます。

A2 noun /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

drawing

幸せ

Meaning

a picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, or crayons rather than paint

Example

She showed me a drawing of her house.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。

C1 verb /ˈdɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

dissipate

徐々に消失する

Meaning

To disappear or cause to disappear gradually.

Example

The tension in the room slowly dissipated.

部屋の中の緊張感は徐々に消えていった。

B1 adjective /drʌŋk/

drunk

酔っ払った

Meaning

affected by alcohol to the point of losing control of one's faculties or behavior

Example

He was too drunk to walk straight.

彼は酔っ払って、まっすぐ歩けなかった。

C1 noun ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

decentralization

分権

Meaning

The transfer of authority from central to local government.

Example

Decentralization promotes regional autonomy.

分権は地域の自立を促進します。

C2 verb /dɪˈkæpɪteɪt/

decapitate

幸せ

Meaning

To cut off the head of a person or animal.

Example

The ancient executioner decapitated the criminal.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C2 verb /diːˈfrɑːk/

defrock

神父の職を剥奪する

Meaning

to officially remove a priest or minister from their position and authority

Example

The church decided to defrock the priest after the scandal.

教会はスキャンダルの後、神父を職務停止にしました。

C2 noun /ˈdiːɪst/

deist

デイスト

Meaning

a person who believes in the existence of a supreme being but rejects organized religion

Example

The philosopher identified himself as a deist.

その哲学者は自分をデイストとして認識した。

C1 verb /ˈdɛprɪˌkeɪt/

deprecate

非難する

Meaning

to express disapproval of something

Example

The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays.

教師は学術論文でのスラングの使用を非難しました。

C2 noun /daɪˈvɛstɪtʃər/

divestiture

事業売却

Meaning

the action of selling off or disposing of business interests or assets

Example

The divestiture of the subsidiary was completed last year.

子会社の事業売却は昨年完了しました。

B2 verb /dɪˈsiːv/

deceive

騙す

Meaning

To cause someone to believe something that is not true.

Example

He tried to deceive his friends with a fake story.

彼は嘘の話で友達を騙そうとした。

C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

持参金

Meaning

Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.

Example

The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.

いくつかの文化では、持参金の伝統が今でも守られています。

A2 noun /deθ/

Death

死

Meaning

the end of life; the permanent cessation of vital functions

Example

The death of the great leader was mourned by the entire nation.

偉大な指導者の死は国全体で悲しまれました。

A2 adjective, noun /dɛd/

dead

死んだ

Meaning

No longer alive; the end of life.

Example

The old tree is completely dead.

その古い木は完全に死んでいる。

A1 noun /ˈdɔː.tər/

Daughter

娘

Meaning

a female offspring; a young woman in relation to her parents

Example

Their daughter graduated from medical school with top honors.

彼らの娘は医学校を優秀な成績で卒業しました。

C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

派生物

Meaning

Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.

Example

The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.

その映画は、前の作品を模倣しすぎて批判されました。

B2 noun /ˈdaʊn.fɔːl/

Downfall

没落; 失敗; 崩壊

Meaning

a loss of power, prosperity, or status; the cause of such a loss

Example

His arrogance and pride led to his eventual downfall in business.

彼の傲慢と誇りは、ビジネスにおける彼の最終的な失墜を招いた。

A2 noun /ˈdiː.teɪl/

detail

詳細

Meaning

An individual feature, fact, or item of information.

Example

She explained the plan in great detail.

彼女は計画を詳細に説明しました。

B2 verb, noun /dɒn/

don

着る / リーダー

Meaning

to put on (an article of clothing); also used as a title for a respected person

Example

She donned her coat before leaving.

彼女は出かける前にコートを着た。

C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

Meaning

The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.

Example

She looked at the messy room with open disdain.

C1 noun /dɪˈfaɪəns/

defiance

反抗

Meaning

Open resistance or bold disobedience.

Example

The protest was an act of defiance against injustice.

その抗議は不正に対する反抗の行為でした。

B2 noun /ˈdɛpjʊti/

deputy

代理

Meaning

A person appointed as a substitute with power to act.

Example

The deputy will lead the meeting in the manager’s absence.

代理はマネージャー不在時に会議を主導します。

B2 noun /dɪˈpen.dənt/

Dependent

依存している; 扶養されている

Meaning

a person who relies on another for financial support; someone who depends on others

Example

As a tax dependent, she could not file her own tax return separately.

税金の扶養控除対象者として、彼女は自分の税務申告を別々に提出することができませんでした。

C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

壊滅

Meaning

The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.

Example

The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.

都市の壊滅により、何千人もの人々が家を失った。

B1 adjective /dɪsˈeɪbld/

disabled

障害者

Meaning

having a physical or mental condition that limits movements, senses, or activities

Example

The park has special facilities for disabled people.

公園には障害者用の特別な施設があります。

B2 noun /djuː/

Dew

露

Meaning

tiny drops of water that form on cool surfaces at night when atmospheric water vapour condenses

Example

The morning dew glistened on the grass.

朝露が草の上で輝いていました。

B2 noun /ˈdiː.sən.si/

Decency

品位

Meaning

behavior that conforms to accepted standards of morality or respectability

Example

She had the decency to apologize for her mistake immediately.

彼女はすぐに自分の間違いを謝る品位を示しました。

C1 verb /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/

debunk

虚偽を暴露する、神話を打破する

Meaning

Expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief).

Example

Scientists debunked the myth that vaccines cause autism.

科学者たちは、ワクチンが自閉症を引き起こすという神話を打破した。

A1 noun /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

drinking

飲む

Meaning

the act of consuming liquids, especially alcohol

Example

Drinking too much water at once can make you feel bloated.

一度に水を飲みすぎると、膨張感を感じることがあります。

B2 verb /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃieɪt/

differentiate

区別する

Meaning

To recognize or make a distinction between things.

Example

It is important to differentiate between fact and opinion.

事実と意見を区別することは重要です。

C2 noun /dɪˈstɪlər/

distiller

蒸留業者

Meaning

A person or company that makes alcoholic drinks or purified liquids by distillation.

Example

The distiller introduced a new brand of whiskey last year.

蒸留業者は昨年、新しいウイスキーブランドを紹介しました。

B2 adjective dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv

disruptive

破壊的な, 不安定にする

Meaning

Causing or tending to cause disruption.

Example

Deforestation has a disruptive effect on wildlife.

森林伐採は野生動物に破壊的な影響を与えます。

C1 noun /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/

discrepancy

不一致, 差異, 矛盾

Meaning

A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.

Example

The audit revealed a discrepancy between the reported earnings and actual income.

監査は報告された収入と実際の収入との間に不一致があることを明らかにしました。

B2 noun /ˈdjuːəʊ/

duo

デュオ

Meaning

a pair of people or things, especially in music or entertainment

Example

The musical duo performed their latest hit at the concert.

その音楽デュオはコンサートで最新のヒットを演奏しました。

C1 adjective /daɪər/

Dire

深刻な; 緊急の; 恐ろしい

Meaning

extremely serious; urgent; terrible

Example

The country is facing a dire economic crisis.

その国は深刻な経済危機に直面している。