B1 verb /kræk/

crack

幸せ

Meaning

To break or cause to break without complete separation; to make a sharp sound.

Example

The glass cracked when it was dropped on the floor.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

貢献する

Meaning

to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something

Example

Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.

みんなは先生へのお別れの贈り物を買うためにお金を寄付しました。

B2 noun /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/

coverage

報道

Meaning

The extent or scope of something, such as insurance protection or media reporting.

Example

The news channel provided extensive coverage of the event.

ニュースチャンネルはそのイベントを広範囲に報道しました。

B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

連続的な

Meaning

following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential

Example

She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.

彼女はトーナメントで3回連続して試合に勝ちました。

C2 noun /ˈkɒnsəvəˌtwɑː/

conservatoire

音楽院

Meaning

A school specializing in the study of music or drama.

Example

She trained as a pianist at the Paris Conservatoire.

彼女はパリの音楽院でピアニストとして訓練を受けました。

B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

クローゼット

Meaning

a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things

Example

She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.

彼女は冬のコートをドアの近くのクローゼットに保管しています。

C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

深い考察

Meaning

The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.

Example

She sat in contemplation before making her decision.

彼女は決断を下す前に深く考察していた。

C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

凝縮する

Meaning

To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.

Example

Water vapor condenses into raindrops.

水蒸気は雨滴に凝縮します。

A2 adjective /ˈkloʊ.sɪst/

closest

最も近い

Meaning

nearest in distance or relationship

Example

He is my closest friend.

彼は私の最も親しい友人です。

C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

記憶の定着

Meaning

The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory

Example

Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.

睡眠は記憶の定着において重要な役割を果たします。

B1 adjective /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

cutting

鋭い

Meaning

sharp or severe, often used to describe remarks or actions

Example

Her cutting remarks made everyone feel uncomfortable.

彼女の鋭いコメントはみんなを不快にさせた。

C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

カナリア

Meaning

a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions

Example

The canary sang beautifully in its cage.

カナリアは自分の檻の中で美しく歌っていました。

C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

バール

Meaning

a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart

Example

He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.

彼は古い釘を取り除くためにクローバーを使いました。

C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

熟知、精通

Meaning

familiar with or knowledgeable about something

Example

She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.

彼女は最新の技術の進展に精通しています。

B2 verb /kreɪv/

crave

強く欲する, 渇望する

Meaning

to have a strong desire for something

Example

She craves adventure and often travels to remote places.

彼女は冒険を渇望し、しばしば遠くの場所へ旅行します。

C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

体系化する

Meaning

to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code

Example

The committee worked to codify the existing laws.

委員会は既存の法律を体系化するために取り組みました。

B1 noun ˈtʃæt.dʒiː.piː.tiː

ChatGPT

言語ベースの人工知能モデル

Meaning

A language-based artificial intelligence model designed for conversational interactions.

Example

ChatGPT helps users generate human-like text efficiently.

ChatGPTはユーザーが効率的に人間のようなテキストを生成するのを助けます。

B1 adverb /ˈkeərləsli/

carelessly

不注意に

Meaning

without care or attention; in a negligent or reckless manner

Example

He carelessly left the door unlocked.

彼は不注意にドアの鍵をかけ忘れた。

B1 adverb /ˈkɒnstəntli/

Constantly

絶え間なく; 常に; 止まることなく

Meaning

continuously over a period of time; always; without stopping

Example

The baby was constantly crying throughout the night.

赤ちゃんは夜通し絶え間なく泣いていた。

C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəti/

callosity

硬い皮膚

Meaning

A thickened or hardened area of skin; insensitivity or hardness of character.

Example

Years of manual labor left callosity on his hands.

何年もの肉体労働が彼の手に硬い皮膚を残した。

C2 noun /ˈkær.ə.weɪ siːdz/

Caraway seeds

キャラウェイシード

Meaning

aromatic seeds of the caraway plant used as a spice in cooking and baking

Example

The bread was flavored with caraway seeds.

パンはキャラウェイシードで風味づけされた。

C2 noun /kwɑːˈfjʊr/

coiffure

髪型

Meaning

A person's hairstyle, typically an elaborate one.

Example

Her elegant coiffure impressed everyone at the party.

彼女のエレガントな髪型はパーティーで皆を感動させました。

B2 noun /ˈkəʊ.tɪŋ/

coating

コーティング

Meaning

A protective or decorative layer applied to a surface.

Example

A protective coating prevents rust formation.

保護用コーティングは錆の発生を防ぎます。

B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

文明

Meaning

the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced

Example

Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.

古代エジプトはその優れた文明で知られています。

C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

暗号学的

Meaning

Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.

Example

Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.

銀行は取引を保護するために暗号技術を使用します。

B1 noun /kræb/

Crab

カニ

Meaning

a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers

Example

The crab scuttled sideways across the sand.

カニは砂の上を横向きに這って行った。

A1 noun /ˈsɪti/

city

都市

Meaning

a large town or an urban area with its own government

Example

Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.

東京は日本で最も大きな都市です。

B2 noun /ˈkɒpə/

copper

銅

Meaning

a reddish-brown metal used for electrical wiring, coins, and more

Example

Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

銅は良い電気導体です。

B2 adjective /ˈkɔːstli/

costly

高価

Meaning

expensive or causing a lot of money, time, or effort

Example

Their mistake proved to be very costly for the company.

彼らのミスは会社にとって非常に高価であることが証明されました。

A2 noun /keɪdʒ/

Cage

ケージ

Meaning

a structure with bars or wire for keeping birds or animals

Example

The parrot lives in a large cage.

オウムは大きなケージに住んでいます。

A2 noun /ˈkʌzn/

cousin

いとこ

Meaning

A child of one's uncle or aunt.

Example

My cousin is coming to visit us this weekend.

私のいとこが今週末に遊びに来ます。

C2 noun /ˌkɒntrəpəˈzɪʃən/

contraposition

対比配置

Meaning

the act of placing two things in opposition for contrast or comparison

Example

The contraposition of the two theories highlighted their differences.

二つの理論の対比配置は、彼らの違いを強調した。

B1 noun /tʃɑːrm/

Charm

魅力; 魔法; 魅力的な力

Meaning

the power or quality of giving delight or arousing admiration; a magical spell or talisman

Example

Her natural charm and wit made her popular at social gatherings.

彼女の自然な魅力と機知は、社交的な集まりで彼女を人気者にした。

B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

批評家

Meaning

A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature

Example

The film critic praised the director's latest movie.

映画批評家は監督の最新映画を称賛しました。

C2 verb /ˌsɜːrkəmˈnævɪɡeɪt/

circumnavigate

地球を一周する

Meaning

to travel all the way around something, especially the earth

Example

Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the globe.

マゼランは最初に地球を一周した人物です。

B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

有能な; 能力のある

Meaning

having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent

Example

She is capable of handling complex problems.

彼女は複雑な問題を扱う能力があります。

C2 adjective /ˌkloʊs ˈhɔːld/

close-hauled

風上に最も近い帆走

Meaning

of a sailing ship, sailing as nearly as possible towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.

Example

The yacht was close-hauled as it cut through the waves.

ヨットは波を切りながら風上に近い方向で進んでいた。

B1 verb /tʃɒp/

chop

切る

Meaning

to cut with a sharp tool; to cut into pieces

Example

She chops vegetables for dinner.

彼女は夕食のために野菜を切る。

C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

決まり文句

Meaning

An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.

Example

The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.

そのスピーチは古い決まり文句でいっぱいで、聴衆を感動させることができませんでした。

C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

率直

Meaning

The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward

Example

Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.

会議中の彼女の率直さは皆に感銘を与えました。

B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

凝縮

Meaning

The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.

Example

Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.

寒い夜に窓に凝縮ができた。

B1 noun /ˈkɜː.ri/

Curry

カレー

Meaning

a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce with hot spices

Example

I love spicy chicken curry with rice.

私はスパイシーなチキンカリーとご飯が大好きです。

B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

犯人

Meaning

a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed

Example

The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.

警察は強盗の背後にいる犯人を捕まえた。

B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

破壊的, 壊滅的

Meaning

Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.

Example

Climate change has catastrophic consequences.

気候変動は破滅的な影響を及ぼします。

A1 adjective /ˈtʃɒk.lət/

Chocolate

チョコレート色

Meaning

a dark brown color like chocolate; the color of cocoa

Example

The chocolate brown sofa looks elegant in the living room.

チョコレート色のソファはリビングルームでエレガントに見えます。

C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

隣接

Meaning

having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning

Example

The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.

これらの2つの管轄区域は隣接しており、同じ境界を共有しています。

C2 adjective /ˈkɑːrpɪŋ/

carping

愚痴

Meaning

continually complaining or finding fault in a petty way

Example

His carping attitude makes teamwork difficult.

彼の愚痴っぽい態度はチームワークを難しくします。

B1 noun /ˌsiːiːˈoʊ/

ceo

最高経営責任者

Meaning

The highest-ranking person in a company, responsible for overall management.

Example

The CEO announced a new strategy for the company.

CEOは会社の新しい戦略を発表しました。

C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

比例的

Meaning

corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate

Example

Salary will be commensurate with experience.

給料は経験に比例します。

A2 verb /kəmˈpliːt/

complete

完了する

Meaning

to finish making or doing something; to bring something to an end

Example

She managed to complete the project on time.

彼女はプロジェクトを時間通りに完了させました。

C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

暗号

Meaning

A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.

Example

Military messages are protected using a cipher.

軍事的なメッセージは暗号を使って保護されます。

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

市議会議員

Meaning

an elected member of a council, especially a local government body

Example

The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.

市議会議員は地元の問題を議論するために公開会議を開きました。

C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

従順

Meaning

Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.

Example

She was compliant with all the safety requirements.

彼女はすべての安全要件に従いました。

B1 noun /ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Calculation

計算

Meaning

a mathematical determination of the size or number of something

Example

His calculation of the total cost was accurate to the penny.

彼の総費用の計算はペニー単位まで正確でした。

C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

大釜

Meaning

a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire

Example

The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.

魔女は大きな鍋で薬をかき混ぜていた。

C2 noun /ˈkæʒuɪstri/

casuistry

詭弁

Meaning

The use of clever but false reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions.

Example

The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as mere casuistry.

弁護士の主張は単なる詭弁として退けられました。

C2 noun /səˈlɛrɪti/

celerity

素早さ

Meaning

swiftness of movement; speed

Example

The soldier moved with great celerity to deliver the message.

兵士はメッセージを届けるために素早く動いた。

B2 noun ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ

critical thinking

批判的思考

Meaning

The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.

Example

Critical thinking helps in making informed decisions.

批判的思考は情報に基づいた意思決定に役立ちます。

C1 verb /kənˈdʒɛst/

congest

混雑

Meaning

To block or overcrowd a space, making movement or flow difficult.

Example

Heavy traffic can congest the city streets during rush hour.

渋滞はラッシュアワーに都市の通りを混雑させることができます。

C2 verb /kənˈstrɪndʒ/

constringe

収縮する

Meaning

to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict

Example

The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.

その薬は腫れた組織を収縮させるのに役立ちました。

C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

亀裂

Meaning

a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall

Example

The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.

トカゲは石の間の亀裂に隠れていた。

B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

ピーマン

Meaning

sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking

Example

Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.

赤と緑のピーマンを加えて、料理を色鮮やかで栄養満点にしましょう。

C2 noun /kəˈnaɪ.vəns/

connivance

共謀

Meaning

the act of secretly allowing or being involved in wrongdoing

Example

The theft happened with the connivance of the security guard.

その窃盗は警備員の共謀で起こった。

A1 noun /kæn/

Can

缶

Meaning

a metal container for food or drink

Example

I opened a can of soup for lunch.

私は昼食のためにスープの缶を開けました。

C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

クエン酸

Meaning

a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent

Example

Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.

果物ジャムの色を保つためにクエン酸をひとつまみ加えてください。

A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

color

色

Meaning

The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.

Example

Blue is her favorite color.

青は彼女のお気に入りの色です。

Meaning

to discuss something important or to grant or bestow something

Example

The committee will confer to decide on the new policy.

B1 noun /kæmˈpeɪn/

Campaign

キャンペーン

Meaning

an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; a series of military operations

Example

The environmental campaign successfully raised awareness about climate change.

環境キャンペーンは気候変動に対する意識を効果的に高めました。

C2 noun /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

catabolism

カタボリズム

Meaning

The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

Example

Catabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.

カタボリズムは細胞のエネルギー生産に重要な役割を果たします。

C2 noun/verb /ˈkætˌkɔːl/

catcall

不快な口笛や叫び声

Meaning

A loud whistle or shout of disapproval or sexual harassment directed at someone.

Example

The actress ignored the catcalls from the crowd.

女優は群衆からのキャットコールを無視しました。

A2 noun /kraʊd/

crowd

群衆

Meaning

a large number of people gathered together

Example

A huge crowd gathered to watch the concert.

コンサートを見るために大きな群衆が集まりました。

B2 noun /ˌkɑː.bəʊˈhaɪ.dreɪts/

carbohydrates

炭水化物

Meaning

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a primary source of energy for the body.

Example

Whole grains are a great source of healthy carbohydrates.

全粒穀物は健康的なカーボハイドレートの素晴らしい源です。

C2 verb /kənˈdəʊl/

condole

哀悼の意を表す

Meaning

To express sympathy for someone who is suffering or grieving.

Example

Neighbors came to condole with the family after the tragedy.

隣人たちは悲劇の後、家族に哀悼の意を表しに来た。

C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

十字軍、激しいキャンペーン

Meaning

a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause

Example

She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.

彼女は一生を女性の権利のために戦っています。

A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

コレクション; 収集; アーカイブ

Meaning

a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting

Example

She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.

彼女は図書館に古い本の印象的なコレクションを持っています。

C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

共謀する

Meaning

to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal

Example

They conspired to overthrow the government.

彼らは政府を倒すために共謀した。

A2 noun /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/

classmate

同級生

Meaning

a person who is in the same class or course of study as another

Example

I met one of my old classmates at the university event.

大学のイベントで昔の同級生に会いました。

B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

重要な

Meaning

Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.

Example

Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.

フェイルオーバーは信頼性にとって重要です。

B2 adjective /kruːd/

crude

原油

Meaning

in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined

Example

The crude oil is processed into fuel and chemicals.

原油は燃料や化学薬品に加工されます。

B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

市民権

Meaning

the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties

Example

He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.

彼はアメリカに10年間住んだ後、アメリカ市民権を申請しました。

C2 noun /ˌkæθəˈlɪsɪti/

catholicity

普遍性, 開かれた考え

Meaning

Universality; broad-mindedness; acceptance of a wide variety of things.

Example

Her catholicity of interests makes her a fascinating person.

彼女のカトリシティな興味は、彼女を魅力的な人物にしています。

B1 verb /kəmˈpiːt/

compete

競争する

Meaning

to try to win or be more successful than others in a contest or activity

Example

Several companies compete for dominance in the market.

いくつかの会社が市場での支配を競い合っています。

C2 noun /ˈkɔːrsər/

courser

速い馬または狩猟馬

Meaning

a swift horse or a hunting horse

Example

The knight rode a fast courser into battle.

騎士は速いコーサーに乗って戦いに向かった。

C2 noun /ˈklæŋər/

clangor

音、騒音

Meaning

A loud, resonant, and continuous noise, often metallic.

Example

The clangor of the church bells filled the town square.

教会の鐘の音が町の広場に響き渡った。

C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

目立つ

Meaning

Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.

Example

Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.

彼女の赤いドレスはパーティーで目立っていました。

B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

明確化

Meaning

The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.

Example

The manager requested clarification on the project details.

マネージャーはプロジェクトの詳細に関する明確化を求めました。

B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

化学廃棄物

Meaning

Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.

Example

Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.

化学廃棄物は水域を汚染します。

B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

キャラクターの成長

Meaning

The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.

Example

The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.

シドニー・カートンのキャラクターの成長は深い。

B2 noun /kreɪn/

Crane

クレーン

Meaning

a large tall bird with long legs and neck; a machine for lifting heavy objects

Example

The graceful crane stood motionless by the water's edge.

優雅なクレーンは水辺に静止して立っていた。

B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

協力的

Meaning

willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose

Example

She was very cooperative during the interview process.

彼女は面接の過程で非常に協力的でした。

C2 noun /krɪpˈtɒɡ.rə.fi/

cryptography

暗号化または符号化技術を使用して情報を保護する実践

Meaning

The practice of securing information through encryption or coding techniques

Example

Modern cryptography ensures secure online transactions.

現代の暗号技術は、安全なオンライン取引を保証します。

Meaning

To shed tears as an expression of emotion such as sadness or pain; also a loud call or shout.

Example

The baby began to cry when she was hungry.

A2 verb /klɪk/

click

クリックする

Meaning

to press a button on a computer mouse or similar device

Example

She clicked the link to open the website.

彼女はリンクをクリックしてウェブサイトを開きました。

B2 noun /koʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/

Coincidence

偶然

Meaning

a remarkable occurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection; chance happening

Example

It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same dress to the party.

それは奇妙な偶然だった、彼ら二人は同じドレスを着てパーティーに行った。

C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

作る、考案する

Meaning

to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing

Example

He concocted a story to explain his absence.

彼は自分の不在を説明するために話を作り上げました。

B2 adjective /kəʊˈhɪə.rənt/

coherent

一貫性のある

Meaning

Logical and consistent; forming a unified whole; clear and easy to understand.

Example

His speech was clear and coherent.

彼のスピーチは明確で一貫していました。

C2 noun /kəˈrɑːləri/

corollary

直接的または自然な結果

Meaning

a direct or natural consequence or result

Example

One corollary of the new policy was increased public awareness.

新しい政策の結果の一つは、公共の認識の向上でした。

B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

共同の

Meaning

Shared by all members of a community; for common use.

Example

The villagers worked together in the communal garden.

村人たちは共同の庭で一緒に働いた。

A2 noun /ˈkæptɪn/

Captain

キャプテン

Meaning

a military officer of middle rank; the person in command of a ship or aircraft

Example

The captain ordered his troops to advance forward.

キャプテンは部隊に前進するよう命じました。