C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər kleɪm/

counter-claim

反訴

Meaning

a claim made to rebut a previous claim, often in legal contexts

Example

The defendant filed a counter-claim against the plaintiff.

被告は原告に対して反訴を提起しました。

B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

基準

Meaning

Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.

Example

The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.

候補者は厳格な基準に基づいて評価されました。

A2 verb /krɒs/

cross

渡る

Meaning

to go from one side to another, or to pass through

Example

We crossed the river using a wooden bridge.

私たちは木製の橋を使って川を渡りました。

C2 noun /kənˈtɔːrʃənz/

contortions

捻じれの複数形; いくつかのねじれたまたは曲がった形

Meaning

plural form of contortion; multiple twisted or bent shapes

Example

The magician's contortions left the crowd in awe.

魔術師のコンタ―ションは観客を驚かせた。

C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

共謀

Meaning

A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.

Example

There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.

役人と契約者の間で共謀の証拠がありました。

A2 adverb /ˈsɜː.tən.li/

Certainly

確かに

Meaning

without doubt; definitely; used to agree or give permission

Example

I will certainly help you with this project.

このプロジェクトであなたを確実に手伝います。

A2 noun /klʌb/

club

クラブ

Meaning

an organization of people with a common interest; also a place for social gatherings or entertainment

Example

He joined the local tennis club to meet new people.

彼は新しい人々に会うために地元のテニスクラブに参加しました。

B2 noun /ˈkæʃ.uː nʌt/

Cashew Nut

カシューナッツ

Meaning

a kidney-shaped nut with a creamy texture and mild flavor

Example

Cashew nuts are often used in cooking and as a healthy snack.

カシューナッツは、料理や健康的なおやつに使われることがよくあります。

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpoʊst/

compost

堆肥

Meaning

decayed organic matter used as fertilizer

Example

The gardener added compost to enrich the soil.

庭師は土壌を豊かにするために堆肥を追加しました。

B1 noun /ˈkɒliːɡ/

colleague

同僚

Meaning

a person with whom one works, especially in a profession or business

Example

She invited her colleagues to the office party.

彼女はオフィスパーティーに同僚を招待しました。

B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

反対の; 対立する;

Meaning

opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different

Example

Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.

一般的な信念とは反対に、猫は非常に社交的な動物であることができます。

B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

崩壊する

Meaning

to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely

Example

The old building collapsed after the earthquake.

古い建物は地震後に崩壊しました。

B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃən/

Creation

創造; 作品

Meaning

the action or process of bringing something into existence; something that has been made or invented

Example

The artist's latest creation was displayed at the modern art gallery.

アーティストの最新の創作は現代アートギャラリーに展示されました。

B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

巻き毛の

Meaning

having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils

Example

She has naturally curly hair.

彼女は自然な巻き毛です。

B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

文脈の

Meaning

Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.

Example

Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.

文脈の意味は使用によって変わります。

C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

記念する

Meaning

To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.

Example

The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.

その像は、倒れた英雄たちを記念して作られました。

B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

認知的

Meaning

Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.

Example

Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.

認知機能は練習と学習によって改善されます。

C2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪbd/

circumscribed

制限された

Meaning

restricted or limited in scope or freedom

Example

Her freedom of choice was circumscribed by social rules.

彼女の選択の自由は社会的なルールによって制限されていた。

C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

高い音できしむ音を立てる

Meaning

to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved

Example

The old door creaked as she opened it.

古いドアは彼女が開けるときにきしんだ。

C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

治療可能な

Meaning

Able to be cured or healed.

Example

The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.

医者はその病気が治療可能だと確信を持って言いました。

C2 adjective /kəˈnjuːbiəl/

connubial

婚姻の

Meaning

Relating to marriage or the relationship of a married couple.

Example

They celebrated their connubial bliss with a honeymoon trip.

彼らはハネムーン旅行で婚姻の幸せを祝いました。

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

市議会議員

Meaning

an elected member of a council, especially a local government body

Example

The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.

市議会議員は地元の問題を議論するために公開会議を開きました。

A2 noun /ˈsɛlˌfoʊn/

cellphone

携帯電話

Meaning

a portable telephone that uses a cellular network for wireless communication

Example

She forgot her cellphone at home and couldn’t call anyone.

彼女は家に携帯電話を忘れて、誰にも電話できなかった。

C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

叱る

Meaning

to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval

Example

The teacher chided the student for being late.

先生は遅刻した生徒を叱りました。

B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

説得力のある; 信頼できる; 説得力のある; 誰かに何かを信じさせることができる

Meaning

believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something

Example

His convincing argument won over the entire jury.

彼の説得力のある議論は全陪審員を納得させました。

A2 noun /ˈkælɪndər/

calendar

カレンダー

Meaning

a system for organizing days, months, and years; a chart showing days of the year

Example

She marked her birthday on the calendar.

彼女はカレンダーに誕生日をマークしました。

B2 noun, verb /kɜːrs/

curse

呪い

Meaning

a solemn wish that harm or misfortune should befall someone; a rude or offensive word or phrase; to utter offensive words or wish harm upon someone

Example

He cursed loudly when he realized he had lost his wallet.

彼は財布をなくしたと気づいて大声で悪態をついた。

B1 noun /tʃest/

Chest

胸部; 箱

Meaning

the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and abdomen; a large strong box

Example

The doctor listened to his chest with a stethoscope.

医者は聴診器で彼の胸部を聞いた。

C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

カバー; 外殻

Meaning

a cover or shell that protects or encloses something

Example

The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.

整備士はエンジンの外殻を取り外して内部の部品を調べました。

Meaning

to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully

Example

She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.

B2 noun /ˈkreɪ.dəl/

Cradle

揺り籠

Meaning

a small bed for a baby, especially one that rocks from side to side

Example

The baby sleeps peacefully in the cradle.

赤ちゃんは揺り籠で静かに寝ています。

C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

頂上

Meaning

the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity

Example

The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.

ハイカーたちは日の出時に山頂に到達しました。

B1 verb /kleɪm/

claim

主張する

Meaning

to assert ownership; to state as fact

Example

He claims to be the rightful owner.

彼は自分が正当な所有者だと主張しています。

B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

固体; 実際; 目に見える; 具体的

Meaning

solid; real; tangible; actual and specific

Example

We need concrete evidence to support our claims.

私たちは私たちの主張を支持するために具体的な証拠が必要です。

C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

虐殺

Meaning

the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter

Example

The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.

戦場は残虐な戦争の後、血みどろの殺戮で満ちていた。

B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

思いつく, 妊娠する

Meaning

to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant

Example

It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.

そのようなアイデアが成功する方法を考えるのは難しい。

B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

構成する

Meaning

To make up, form, or establish something.

Example

These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.

これらの文書は、両者間の法的契約を構成しています。

C2 noun /ˈkɔː.seər/

corsair

海賊

Meaning

a pirate, especially one operating along the Mediterranean coasts

Example

The corsair plundered ships along the coast.

コルセアは海岸沿いで船を略奪した。

C2 noun /kəˈrɑːləri/

corollary

直接的または自然な結果

Meaning

a direct or natural consequence or result

Example

One corollary of the new policy was increased public awareness.

新しい政策の結果の一つは、公共の認識の向上でした。

C2 noun /ˌkɛəriˈætɪd/

caryatid

女性の姿をした柱

Meaning

A stone carving of a draped female figure, used as a supporting column in architecture.

Example

The ancient temple featured a caryatid holding up the roof.

古代の神殿には屋根を支えるカリアティッドがありました。

B1 noun /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/

Confidence

自信

Meaning

the feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something; firm trust; self-assurance

Example

She spoke with great confidence during the job interview.

彼女は面接で大きな自信を持って話しました。

A1 noun /ˈsɪti/

city

都市

Meaning

a large town or an urban area with its own government

Example

Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.

東京は日本で最も大きな都市です。

C2 adjective /krəˈmætɪk/

chromatic

色彩の

Meaning

Relating to colors or, in music, notes outside the standard scale.

Example

The artist used a chromatic palette to create vibrant contrasts.

アーティストは、鮮やかなコントラストを作り出すためにクロマチックなパレットを使用しました。

C2 noun /kɒzˈmɒɡ.rə.fi/

cosmography

コスモグラフィー

Meaning

the science or art of mapping the universe or cosmos

Example

Medieval scholars practiced cosmography to chart the stars and planets.

中世の学者たちは、星や惑星の地図を作成するためにコスモグラフィーを実践していました。

B2 noun/adjective /kənˈstɪtʃuənt/

constituent

構成要素 / 有権者

Meaning

Noun: A member of a constituency or an essential part of something. Adjective: Being a necessary part of a whole.

Example

The senator met with his constituents to discuss local issues.

上院議員は地元の問題を議論するために選挙区の有権者と会いました。

A2 noun /kənˌɡrætʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃənz/

Congratulations

おめでとう

Meaning

words expressing praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion

Example

Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserved this success.

昇進おめでとう！本当にこの成功に値するよ。

B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

賛辞的な; 無料で提供される; 礼儀として提供された

Meaning

expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy

Example

The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.

ホテルはすべてのゲストに無料の朝食を提供します。

C2 verb /ˈkæstɪˌɡeɪt/

castigate

厳しく非難する

Meaning

To criticize someone severely or to punish harshly.

Example

The teacher castigated the students for their poor behavior.

教師は生徒たちの悪い行動を叱責しました。

A1 verb /tʃuːz/

choose

選ぶ

Meaning

to pick or select from several options

Example

I always choose healthy food options.

私はいつも健康的な食べ物の選択肢を選びます。

B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

ありふれた

Meaning

ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found

Example

Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.

スマートフォンは現代生活でありふれたものになった。

B1 noun /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/

cancellation

取消

Meaning

the act of stopping something that was planned or scheduled; the act of nullifying or invalidating something

Example

The airline announced the cancellation of several flights due to bad weather.

悪天候のため、いくつかの便が取り消されました。

A2 verb /kənˈsɪdər/

consider

考慮する

Meaning

to think carefully about something, especially before making a decision

Example

She is considering studying abroad next year.

彼女は来年海外で学ぶことを考えています。

B2 noun ˌkɒn.ekˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

connectivity

接続性

Meaning

The state of being connected or interconnected; the capacity for the interconnection of platforms, systems, and applications.

Example

Improved connectivity boosts economic development.

改善された接続性が経済発展を促進します。

B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/

correlation

相関

Meaning

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things

Example

Researchers found a strong correlation between diet and heart disease.

研究者たちは、食事と心臓病との間に強い相関関係があることを発見しました。

B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

カムバック

Meaning

A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.

Example

The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.

歌手は何年もの沈黙の後、見事なカムバックを果たした。

A2 adjective /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

coming

来る

Meaning

approaching or happening soon

Example

We are preparing for the coming festival.

私たちは来る祭りの準備をしています。

B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

称賛する

Meaning

to praise formally or officially

Example

The teacher commended the students for their hard work.

先生は生徒たちの努力を称賛しました。

C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪ.sən/

chasten

戒める / 征服する

Meaning

to correct or discipline; to humble or subdue

Example

The coach chastened the team after their poor performance.

コーチは彼らの悪いパフォーマンスの後、チームを戒めた。

B2 noun /ˈsɪnəmən/

Cinnamon

シナモン

Meaning

aromatic spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species

Example

Cinnamon is often used in baking and desserts.

シナモンはしばしばベーキングやデザートに使われます。

A1 verb /ˈkæri/

carry

運ぶ

Meaning

To support and move something or someone from one place to another.

Example

She carried the bag across the street.

彼女はバッグを通りの向こう側に運びました。

C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

政治的集会

Meaning

A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.

Example

The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.

党は大統領候補者を指名するために集会を開いた。

B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

堆肥化

Meaning

The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.

Example

Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.

コンポスティングは廃棄物を減らし、土壌の肥沃度を高めます。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

針葉樹に関連する

Meaning

Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.

Example

Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.

松の木は針葉樹で、寒冷な気候で育ちます。

A2 verb /kræʃ/

crash

幸せ

Meaning

To collide violently; to suddenly stop working (for machines or computers).

Example

The car crashed into the wall at high speed.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

信用しやすい

Meaning

Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.

Example

The credulous child believed every story she heard.

その信用しやすい子供は、聞いた話をすべて信じました。

B2 noun /ˌsɜː.kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

circulation

ja_translation

Meaning

The movement of blood through the body, or the movement of any fluid through a closed system.

Example

Proper circulation ensures that oxygen and nutrients reach every cell.

ja_example_sentence_translation

C2 noun /ˈkærɪlɒn/

carillon

カリヨン

Meaning

A set of bells played using a keyboard, usually in a tower.

Example

The carillon bells rang across the town square.

カリヨンの鐘の音が町の広場に響き渡った。

B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

変換器

Meaning

a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials

Example

The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.

エンジニアは交流電力を直流に変えるために変換器を使いました。

C2 noun /ˈkoʊdə/

coda

コーダ

Meaning

the concluding passage of a piece of music or a literary work

Example

The novel ends with a reflective coda that ties up the themes.

その小説は、テーマを結びつける反省的なコーダで終わります。

B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

創造性

Meaning

The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.

Example

His creativity was evident in his artwork.

彼の創造力は彼の芸術作品に明らかでした。

C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

暗号

Meaning

A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.

Example

Military messages are protected using a cipher.

軍事的なメッセージは暗号を使って保護されます。

C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

騎士道

Meaning

The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.

Example

The knight lived by the code of chivalry.

騎士は騎士道の規範に従って生きていました。

C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

焦げる

Meaning

To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.

Example

The cook accidentally charred the steak.

シェフはステーキを焼きすぎてしまった。

A2 adjective /ˈklɛvər/

clever

賢い, すばらしい

Meaning

Quick to understand, learn, and devise ideas or solutions; intelligent.

Example

She is clever enough to solve the puzzle quickly.

彼女はそのパズルを素早く解くのに十分賢いです。

B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

明確化

Meaning

The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.

Example

The manager requested clarification on the project details.

マネージャーはプロジェクトの詳細に関する明確化を求めました。

C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同国人

Meaning

a person from one's own country or rural area

Example

He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.

彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。

A2 noun /klaʊn/

Clown

道化師; サーカスの中で特に伝統的な衣装と誇張されたメイクをしたコメディアン

Meaning

a comic entertainer, especially one in a circus, wearing a traditional costume and exaggerated makeup

Example

The children laughed loudly at the funny clown's silly antics.

子供たちは面白いクラウンの愚かな仕草に大笑いしました。

B1 noun /kræb/

Crab

カニ

Meaning

a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers

Example

The crab scuttled sideways across the sand.

カニは砂の上を横向きに這って行った。

B1 noun /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

consideration

幸福

Meaning

careful thought or attention to something before making a decision

Example

After much consideration, she accepted the job offer.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

シニシズム

Meaning

An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.

Example

His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.

彼のシニシズムは、誰かを信頼するのを難しくしていた。

C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

争い, 意見の相違

Meaning

heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate

Example

The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.

二つの党派間での主要な争いは税制改革に関するものでした。

C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

無情な; 冷酷な; 非情な

Meaning

showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened

Example

He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.

彼は他人の感情を無視して冷酷に振る舞った。

B1 noun /ˈtʃæptər/

chapter

章

Meaning

A main division of a book or a period in someone's life.

Example

I just finished the first chapter of the novel.

私は小説の最初の章を終えたばかりです。

B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

礼儀; 優雅;

Meaning

the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark

Example

He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.

彼は高齢者のためにドアを開けたまま、非常に礼儀正しさを示しました。

B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

競技, 挑戦

Meaning

verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute

Example

She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.

彼女は現職に対して選挙に挑戦することを決定しました。

B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

消費者

Meaning

A person who buys and uses goods and services.

Example

The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.

その会社は消費者のニーズを理解することに重点を置いています。

C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

一致

Meaning

Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.

Example

The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.

そのプロジェクトはすべての部門の同意のもとで完了しました。

B1 noun /kloʊðz ˈaɪərn/

Clothes iron

アイロン

Meaning

An electric appliance used to remove wrinkles from clothes by applying heat and pressure

Example

I need to use the clothes iron to make my shirt look neat for the meeting.

私は会議のためにシャツをきれいに見せるためにアイロンを使う必要があります。

C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

温室 / 音楽と芸術の学校

Meaning

A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.

Example

They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.

彼らは温室でエキゾチックな植物を育てていました。

C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

気まぐれ

Meaning

a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior

Example

She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.

彼女は気まぐれで高価なドレスを買った。

C2 noun /ˈsaɪ.nəˌʃʊr/

cynosure

皆の注目の的

Meaning

A person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration.

Example

She was the cynosure of all eyes at the party.

彼女はパーティーで皆の注目の的でした。

C2 noun /ˈkruːɪt/

cruet

小さな容器

Meaning

a small container, especially for salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar, used at a dining table

Example

She filled the cruet with olive oil for the salad.

彼女はサラダのためにオリーブオイルでクルエットを満たしました。

B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

遺体

Meaning

a dead body, especially of a human

Example

The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.

警察は廃墟の家で遺体を発見しました。

C1 adjective /kəmˈpensətɔːri/

compensatory

補償的

Meaning

serving to make up for a loss, damage, or injury

Example

The court awarded him compensatory damages.

裁判所は彼に補償的損害賠償を授与しました。

C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

複合企業

Meaning

A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.

Example

The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.

その会社は多国籍の複合企業になった。

B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

同意

Meaning

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something

Example

She gave her consent before the operation.

彼女は手術の前に同意を与えました。

便利な；使いやすい；実用的な;

Meaning

fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans; suitable and practical

Example

The new shopping mall is very convenient for our family.

新しいショッピングモールは私たちの家族にとってとても便利です。