C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

圧縮する

Meaning

to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller

Example

The file was compressed to save storage space.

ファイルは圧縮されてストレージスペースを節約しました。

C2 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈveɪl/

countervail

相殺する

Meaning

to offset or counteract the effect of something

Example

The benefits of the new policy countervail its drawbacks.

新しい政策の利点はその欠点を相殺します。

C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

コミュニティサービスの理想

Meaning

Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.

Example

Community service ideals must be taught in schools.

コミュニティサービスの理想は学校で教えられるべきです。

C2 noun /ʃəˈɡrɪn/

chagrin

失望

Meaning

Distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated.

Example

She left the room in chagrin after forgetting her lines.

彼女はセリフを忘れた後、失望して部屋を出ました。

C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

良心的

Meaning

Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.

Example

A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.

良心的な労働者は常に高品質な結果を提供します。

C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

心臓の

Meaning

Relating to the heart.

Example

The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.

患者は心臓の病状で入院しました。

C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

抜け目のない

Meaning

Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.

Example

She made a canny investment in real estate.

彼女は不動産で抜け目のない投資をしました。

B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

コーディネーター

Meaning

a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together

Example

The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.

イベントのコーディネーターはすべてを完璧に管理しました。

C2 noun /ˈklɪpər/

clipper

バリカン / 19世紀の速い帆船

Meaning

a tool used for cutting, or a fast sailing ship of the 19th century

Example

The barber used clippers to trim his hair.

床屋は髪を切るためにバリカンを使いました。

C2 noun /ˈkætəˌklɪzəm/

cataclysm

大災害

Meaning

A sudden and violent event that causes great destruction or upheaval.

Example

The earthquake was a cataclysm that reshaped the city.

地震は都市を再構築したカタクリズムでした。

C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

直感に反する

Meaning

contrary to what one would intuitively expect

Example

His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.

彼のアプローチは直感に反するように見えますが、実際には効果的です。

C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

先天的

Meaning

existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition

Example

The child was born with a congenital heart defect.

その子供は先天的な心臓疾患を持って生まれました。

A2 noun /kɔɪnz/

coins

コイン

Meaning

Flat, typically round pieces of metal issued by a government as money.

Example

He collected old coins from different countries.

彼はさまざまな国から古いコインを集めました。

A2 noun /ˈkaʊ.bɔɪ/

Cowboy

カウボーイ

Meaning

a man who tends cattle on a ranch, especially in the western United States

Example

The cowboy rode his horse across the vast prairie to find the cattle.

カウボーイは広大な草原を馬で走り、牛を探しに行った。

B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

会話する

Meaning

to have a conversation; to talk together

Example

They conversed about literature for hours.

彼らは何時間も文学について話し合った。

B1 noun /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

consideration

幸福

Meaning

careful thought or attention to something before making a decision

Example

After much consideration, she accepted the job offer.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

B2 noun/verb /kəˈmjuː.tɪŋ/

commuting

通勤

Meaning

Regular travel to and from workplace, daily journey for work.

Example

He spends two hours commuting to work every day.

彼は毎日仕事に行くために2時間通勤します。

C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

軽い笑い

Meaning

a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement

Example

He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.

彼は面白いジョークを聞いて軽くクスクス笑った。

B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

小川

Meaning

a small stream or narrow river

Example

We went fishing by the creek near our house.

私たちは家の近くの小川で釣りをしました。

B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

告白する

Meaning

to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge

Example

He confessed his mistake to his teacher.

彼は自分のミスを教師に告白した。

C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

称賛に値する

Meaning

Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.

Example

She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.

彼女は時間通りにプロジェクトを完了するために称賛に値する努力をしました。

B1 noun /ˈkɒntɪnənt/

continent

大陸

Meaning

one of the large landmasses on Earth such as Asia, Africa, or Europe

Example

Asia is the largest continent in the world.

アジアは世界で最も大きな大陸です。

A2 adjective /kəˈrɛkt/

correct

正しい

Meaning

free from error; accurate

Example

The answer she gave was correct.

彼女が言った答えは正しかった。

B2 noun /kʌlt/

cult

カルト

Meaning

a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object

Example

The cult followed their leader with great devotion.

カルトは彼らの指導者に大きな献身をもって従った。

C2 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/

ceremonious

儀式的で礼儀正しい

Meaning

marked by formality, politeness, or strict observance of customs

Example

He gave her a ceremonious bow before entering the hall.

彼はホールに入る前に儀式的なお辞儀をしました。

C2 noun /ˈkaɪrəˌmænsi/

chiromancy

手相占い

Meaning

The practice of predicting the future by interpreting the lines on the palms of hands; palmistry.

Example

The old woman practiced chiromancy and told fortunes for travelers.

年老いた女性は手相占いを実践し、旅行者に未来を予言しました。

B1 verb /kənˈfɜːrm/

confirm

確認する

Meaning

to establish the truth, accuracy, or validity of something

Example

The hotel will confirm your reservation by email.

ホテルはメールで予約を確認します。

B1 noun /tʃɪl/

Chill

寒さ; 恐れや不安の感情; リラックスする

Meaning

an unpleasant feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear or anxiety; to relax

Example

There was a chill in the air as autumn approached.

秋が近づくにつれて、空気の中に寒さを感じた。

B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

ありふれた

Meaning

ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found

Example

Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.

スマートフォンは現代生活でありふれたものになった。

C1 noun /ˈkæptər/

captor

捕虜監視者

Meaning

a person or group who has captured someone or something

Example

The hostage managed to escape from his captors.

人質はその捕虜監視者から逃げることができました。

C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

要塞

Meaning

A fortress protecting or dominating a city.

Example

The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.

古代の要塞は何世代にもわたり町を守っていた。

A2 noun /ˈkær.ət/

Carrot

ニンジン

Meaning

a long pointed orange root vegetable that grows underground

Example

Carrots are rich in vitamin A.

ニンジンはビタミンAが豊富です。

C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

大きな技術で何かを完成させるまたは完璧にする

Meaning

To complete or perfect something with great skill

Example

He is a consummate artist with years of experience.

彼は長年の経験を持つ完璧な芸術家です。

A1 noun /ˈkæm.rə/

camera

Meaning

a device used for taking photographs or recording videos

Example

She bought a new camera for her photography class.

B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

状況

Meaning

the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event

Example

Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.

通常の状況では、彼女はもう到着しているはずです。

C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

騒ぎ

Meaning

A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.

Example

The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.

市場での突然の騒ぎがみんなの注目を集めた。

A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格

Meaning

low in price; costing little money

Example

This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.

このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。

A2 noun, verb /kɒf/

cough

咳

Meaning

a sudden noisy release of air from the lungs to clear the throat or airway; to expel air suddenly from the lungs with a cough

Example

He has a bad cough and stayed home today.

彼はひどい咳があるので、今日は家にいました。

B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

キャッシャー

Meaning

a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank

Example

The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.

キャッシャーはすべての商品をスキャンし、合計金額を計算しました。

A2 adjective /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

coming

来る

Meaning

approaching or happening soon

Example

We are preparing for the coming festival.

私たちは来る祭りの準備をしています。

B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

注意

Meaning

Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.

Example

Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.

研究者たちは持続不可能な漁業について警告を出しました。

A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

color

色

Meaning

The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.

Example

Blue is her favorite color.

青は彼女のお気に入りの色です。

A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

円

Meaning

a round shape; to move all the way around something

Example

The children sat in a circle.

子供たちは円形に座っていました。

C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

開始

Meaning

The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.

Example

The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.

卒業式は新しい旅の始まりを意味していました。

A2 noun ˈsen.tərz

centers

センター

Meaning

The middle point of a circle or sphere, equidistant from every point on the circumference or surface; a place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.

Example

Centers drive regional development.

センターは地域の発展を促進します。

C2 adjective /kɒnˈsæŋɡwɪn/

consanguine

血縁関係の

Meaning

Of the same blood or origin; related by birth.

Example

The two families were consanguine through their grandparents.

二つの家族は彼らの祖父母を通じて血縁関係にあった。

B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

命令

Meaning

to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct

Example

The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.

将軍は兵士たちに前進するよう命じた。

B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

構成する

Meaning

To make up, form, or establish something.

Example

These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.

これらの文書は、両者間の法的契約を構成しています。

B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

郡

Meaning

A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.

Example

She grew up in a small county in northern England.

彼女はイギリス北部の小さな郡で育ちました。

C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

出来事を発生した順番で記録する

Meaning

To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.

Example

She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.

彼女はブログを通じて彼女の旅を記録することに決めました。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

甘やかされた

Meaning

pampered, treated with excessive care and attention

Example

The cosseted child always got what he wanted.

甘やかされた子供は、いつも欲しいものを手に入れていた。

C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

発癌性の

Meaning

Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.

Example

Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.

加工肉には発癌性の化合物が含まれています。

B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

調整する

Meaning

to organize people or things so that they work together effectively

Example

We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.

私たちはプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせるために努力を調整する必要があります。

B2 noun, verb /kjuːb/

cube

立方体

Meaning

As a noun: a solid object with six equal square faces. As a verb: to cut food into small square pieces.

Example

She put a sugar cube in her tea.

彼女はお茶に砂糖のキューブを入れました。

B2 noun /ˈsɪnəmən/

Cinnamon

シナモン

Meaning

aromatic spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species

Example

Cinnamon is often used in baking and desserts.

シナモンはしばしばベーキングやデザートに使われます。

C2 noun /ˈklaɪmɪŋ fɪʃ/

Climbing-fish

木登り魚

Meaning

a type of fish that can climb trees and survive out of water for short periods

Example

The climbing-fish can move from one pond to another by climbing trees.

木登り魚は、木を登って一つの池から別の池へ移動することができます。

B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

カーボンニュートラル

Meaning

Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.

Example

The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.

この会社は2030年までにカーボンニュートラルを達成することを目指しています。

B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

峡谷

Meaning

A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.

Example

The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.

コロラド川は何百万年もかけてグランドキャニオンを作り上げました。

B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

カツレツ

Meaning

a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling

Example

She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.

彼女は夕食に美味しいチキンカツレツを出しました。

C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

影響力

Meaning

influence or power, especially in politics or business

Example

The businessman has a lot of political clout.

そのビジネスマンは政治的な影響力を持っています。

B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

幸せ

Meaning

to hold on tightly to someone or something

Example

The child clung to his mother in fear.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。

C2 adjective /kænˈtæŋ.kər.əs/

cantankerous

気難しい

Meaning

Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.

Example

The cantankerous old man complained about everything.

その気難しい老人は何にでも不満を言った。

C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

概念化する

Meaning

to form an idea or concept of something in your mind

Example

The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.

アーティストは展示のために新しいデザインを構想しました。

A2 noun /ˈkʌl.tʃər/

Culture

文化

Meaning

the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement; the customs and beliefs of a particular society

Example

Learning about different cultures helps us understand and appreciate diversity.

異なる文化について学ぶことは、多様性を理解し、評価するのに役立ちます。

B2 noun /ˈkrɪstəl/

crystal

クリスタル

Meaning

a clear, transparent mineral or glass that forms a solid structure with regular patterns

Example

She wore a necklace made of sparkling crystal.

彼女はきらめくクリスタルのネックレスを身につけていました。

C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

順応、適合、従順

Meaning

Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.

Example

Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.

規則の厳格な順守は社会の秩序を保証します。

C1 noun /klæn/

clan

一族

Meaning

a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry

Example

The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.

一族全員が祭りを祝うために集まりました。

C2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛktʃərəl/

conjectural

推測的

Meaning

based on guesswork or incomplete evidence rather than certain knowledge

Example

His explanation was purely conjectural and lacked proof.

彼の説明は完全に推測的で、証拠が欠けていました。

B2 noun /ˈkɑr.ɡoʊ ʃɪp/

Cargo ship

貨物船

Meaning

a ship or vessel that carries goods and materials from one port to another

Example

The cargo ship transported containers filled with electronics across the ocean.

貨物船は、電子機器で満載のコンテナを海を越えて運びました。

B1 verb, noun /klɪp/

clip

Meaning

to cut or trim something; a short extract from a film, broadcast, or recording

Example

She clipped the coupon from the newspaper.

B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning

to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings

Example

They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.

C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

一致

Meaning

Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.

Example

The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.

そのプロジェクトはすべての部門の同意のもとで完了しました。

B2 noun /ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri/

cemetery

墓地

Meaning

a place where dead people are buried

Example

The old cemetery is located at the edge of the village.

古い墓地は村の端にあります。

B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

保守的な

Meaning

Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.

Example

He has conservative views on family and society.

彼は家族と社会について保守的な見解を持っている。

C2 verb /ˈkæstreɪt/

castrate

去勢する

Meaning

To remove the testicles of a male animal or human.

Example

The farmer castrated the young bulls to make them easier to manage.

農夫は若い雄牛を去勢して、管理しやすくした。

C2 adjective /kənˈtraɪt/

contrite

後悔している

Meaning

feeling or showing remorse or guilt

Example

She was contrite after realizing her mistake.

彼女は自分の間違いに気づいた後、後悔していた。

C2 adjective /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/

contumacious

反抗的な, 不従順な

Meaning

stubbornly disobedient or rebellious

Example

The contumacious student refused to follow the school rules.

その反抗的な学生は学校の規則に従うことを拒否しました。

A2 verb /kaʊnt/

count

数える

Meaning

to determine the total number of something

Example

She carefully counted the money on the table.

彼女はテーブルの上のお金を慎重に数えた。

C2 noun /ˈkærəˌpeɪs/

carapace

カメやカニの背中を覆う硬い殻

Meaning

the hard shell covering the back of some animals like turtles and crabs

Example

The turtle withdrew into its carapace for protection.

カメは保護のためにカラパスに引っ込んだ。

C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

ショービニズム

Meaning

Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.

Example

His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.

彼のショウビニスティックな態度は多くの女性の同僚を疎外した。

B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning

To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.

Example

The river was contaminated by industrial waste.

B2 noun /tʃʌŋk/

chunk

塊 / 断片

Meaning

a thick or solid piece of something

Example

She cut the cake into large chunks.

彼女はケーキを大きな塊に切った。

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

構成要素

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

プロテインとビタミンは健康的な食事の重要な構成要素です。

B1 noun /kəmˈpænjən/

companion

仲間

Meaning

a person or animal you spend time with or travel with

Example

He was my companion during the long journey.

彼は長い旅の間、私の仲間でした。

C1 noun /ˈkɒnsəl/

consul

領事 / 大使

Meaning

an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect its citizens and interests there

Example

The consul assisted travelers who lost their passports.

領事は、パスポートを失った旅行者を助けました。

C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

検死官

Meaning

an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths

Example

The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.

検死官は死因が自然死であると判定しました。

C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

消費主義

Meaning

The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.

Example

Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.

現代の消費主義は高級品の需要の増加を引き起こします。

B1 noun ˈtʃɑː.dʒɪŋ

charging

充電

Meaning

The process of supplying electrical energy to recharge a battery or power source.

Example

Electric vehicle charging stations are increasing in cities.

電気自動車の充電ステーションは都市で増えています。

C2 noun /kənˈtrɪʃ.ən/

contrition

悔悟

Meaning

the state of feeling remorseful and repentant

Example

His contrition was evident after the apology.

謝罪後、彼の悔悟は明らかだった。

C2 adjective /kənˌtɛmpəˈreɪniəs/

contemporaneous

同時代の

Meaning

existing, happening, or occurring at the same time

Example

The two artists were contemporaneous and often influenced each other.

二人のアーティストは同時代のもので、しばしば互いに影響を与えました。

B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

運送業者

Meaning

A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.

Example

The airline is the largest carrier in the country.

その航空会社は国で最も大きな運送業者です。

C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

記憶の定着

Meaning

The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory

Example

Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.

睡眠は記憶の定着において重要な役割を果たします。

B1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əs/

continuous

連続的

Meaning

forming an unbroken whole; without interruption

Example

The factory operates on a continuous 24-hour schedule.

工場は24時間連続したスケジュールで稼働しています。

B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

クローゼット

Meaning

a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things

Example

She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.

彼女は冬のコートをドアの近くのクローゼットに保管しています。

C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

徴兵する

Meaning

to force someone into military service

Example

The government conscripted young men during the war.

政府は戦争中に若い男性を徴兵しました。

A2 noun /ˈsen.tʃər.i/

Century

世紀; 百年

Meaning

a period of one hundred years; a score of one hundred in cricket

Example

The ancient castle has stood for more than five centuries.

その古い城は500年以上も立っています。

C2 adjective /ˈtʃɛəri/

chary

用心

Meaning

cautious or wary about doing something

Example

She was chary of investing in the new business venture.

彼女は新しいビジネスに投資することに慎重だった。

B2 noun /ˈkɒn.trɪ.bjʊ.tər/

contributor

貢献者

Meaning

a person who gives something to help achieve a result

Example

He was a regular contributor to the local newspaper.

彼は地元の新聞の定期的な貢献者でした。

B2 noun /kɒd fɪʃ/

Cod fish

タラ

Meaning

A large marine fish with white flesh, commonly used for food

Example

The fisherman caught a large cod fish in the North Atlantic.

漁師は北大西洋で大きなタラを捕まえた。

C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

臆病

Meaning

lack of courage; behavior showing fear

Example

His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.

彼の臆病は彼が発言するのを妨げた。

C2 adjective /kəmˈbʌstɪbəl/

combustible

可燃性の

Meaning

Capable of catching fire and burning easily.

Example

Dry leaves are highly combustible.

乾燥した葉は非常に可燃性があります。

B2 adjective /ˈkaʊntləs/

countless

数えきれない

Meaning

too many to be counted; innumerable

Example

There are countless stars in the sky.

空には無数の星があります。

B1 noun /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/

cooperation

協力

Meaning

The process of working together to the same end.

Example

Cooperation ensures effective problem-solving.

協力は効果的な問題解決を確保します。

B1 adjective /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/

Convenient

便利な；使いやすい；実用的な;

Meaning

fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans; suitable and practical

Example

The new shopping mall is very convenient for our family.

新しいショッピングモールは私たちの家族にとってとても便利です。

C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

外皮

Meaning

the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer

Example

He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.

彼は食べる前にパンの外皮を切り取った。

C2 adjective /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/

churlish

無礼

Meaning

Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.

Example

It would be churlish to refuse her kind invitation.

彼女の親切な招待を断るのは無礼だろう。

B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

カーボンフットプリント

Meaning

The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.

Example

Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.

カーボンフットプリントを減らすことは、気候変動と戦うために重要です。

C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

憂鬱な; 陰気な; 悲しい; 喜びのない

Meaning

lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer

Example

The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.

古い家は冬の雨の中で寂しげで放置されているように見えました。

C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

Meaning

to criticize or punish severely

Example

The teacher chastised the student for being late.

C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

星座

Meaning

a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky

Example

Orion is one of the most famous constellations.

オリオン座は最も有名な星座の一つです。

C1 verb kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt

corroborate

確認する

Meaning

Confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.

Example

The witness corroborated the defendant's testimony.

証人は被告の証言を裏付けました。

A2 verb /tʃɑːrdʒ/

charge

請求する/告発する

Meaning

to demand payment; to formally accuse; to rush forward aggressively

Example

The store charges extra for home delivery.

その店はホームデリバリーに追加料金を課します。

C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

クラリオン

Meaning

a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone

Example

The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.

クラリオンの音が戦場を越えて、突撃の合図を送った。

B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

続ける

Meaning

to keep doing something without stopping

Example

They are continuing their journey despite the rain.

雨にもかかわらず、彼らは旅を続けています。

C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

戦車

Meaning

an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing

Example

The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.

戦士はその戦車に乗って勇敢に戦いに挑みました。

C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

伝染性の; 感染性の

Meaning

likely to spread to and affect others; infectious

Example

Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.

彼女の笑い声は伝染性があり、みんなを笑顔にする。

B1 adjective /ˈkɒn.stənt/

Constant

一定の; 変わらない; 安定した

Meaning

occurring continuously over a period of time; unchanging; steady

Example

The machine runs at a constant speed.

機械は一定の速度で動作します。

B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

比較

Meaning

the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things

Example

The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.

教師は2つの詩の比較をして、それらの異なるスタイルを示しました。

B2 noun kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv.nəs

competitiveness

競争力

Meaning

The quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature; the ability to compete successfully.

Example

Competitiveness is vital for economic sustainability.

競争力は経済的持続可能性にとって重要です。

C2 noun /klaɪm/

clime

気候帯

Meaning

A region defined by its climate.

Example

He traveled to warmer climes during the winter.

彼は冬の間、暖かい気候帯を旅行していた。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

相応しい

Meaning

deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)

Example

The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.

犯人は自分の罪にふさわしい罰を受けた。