C2 verb /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb/

circumscribe

制限する

Meaning

to limit or restrict something within boundaries

Example

The rules circumscribe the powers of the committee.

ルールは委員会の権限を制限します。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

凹形

Meaning

curved inward like the inside of a bowl

Example

The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.

鏡は凹形の表面を持ち、彼女の反射を拡大しました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒntræktər/

contractor

請負業者

Meaning

a person or company that agrees to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job

Example

The contractor completed the building project on time.

請負業者は建設プロジェクトを期限内に完了しました。

C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

巡査

Meaning

a police officer of the lowest rank

Example

The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.

巡査は混雑した交差点で交通を指導しました。

B2 adjective /ˌkɑː.di.əʊˈvæs.kjʊ.lər/

cardiovascular

心臓と血管に関連する

Meaning

Relating to the heart and blood vessels.

Example

Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health.

定期的な運動は心血管の健康を改善します。

B1 adjective /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/

Convenient

便利な；使いやすい；実用的な;

Meaning

fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans; suitable and practical

Example

The new shopping mall is very convenient for our family.

新しいショッピングモールは私たちの家族にとってとても便利です。

B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

家事

Meaning

A routine task, especially a household duty.

Example

Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.

食器を洗うのは私の一番嫌いな家事です。

B2 verb kəˈlæbəreɪt

collaborate

協力する

Meaning

To work jointly with others, especially in an intellectual endeavor; cooperate.

Example

Volunteers often collaborate with local organizations.

ボランティアは地元の組織とよく協力しています。

C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

目立つ

Meaning

Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.

Example

Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.

彼女の赤いドレスはパーティーで目立っていました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

チャリティ; 寛大さ; 利他主義

Meaning

the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others

Example

The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.

裕福な実業家は教育のためにチャリティに何百万も寄付しました。

A1 noun /kɑːr/

Car

車

Meaning

a four-wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation

Example

I drive my car to work every day.

私は毎日車で仕事に行きます。

B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

不器用

Meaning

awkward in movement or lacking skill

Example

He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.

彼はとても不器用で、いつも物を落としてしまいます。

B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

市民

Meaning

a person not in the armed forces or police

Example

The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.

その地域は市民を守るために避難されました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒləni/

colony

植民地

Meaning

a territory or community controlled by another country or group of people

Example

India was once a British colony.

インディアはかつてイギリスの植民地でした。

B2 adjective /ˈtʃaɪld.laɪk/

Childlike

子供のような; 無邪気で信頼しやすい; 純粋でシンプル

Meaning

innocent and trusting like a child; having the good qualities of a child; pure and simple

Example

She maintained a childlike wonder about the world around her.

彼女は周りの世界について子供のような驚きを保っていました。

B1 noun /kəˈnæl/

canal

運河

Meaning

an artificial waterway constructed for navigation, irrigation, or drainage

Example

The canal was built to help transport goods across the region.

運河は地域内で物資の輸送を助けるために建設されました。

C2 noun /ˈkʌlvərt/

culvert

カルバート

Meaning

a tunnel or drain that carries water under a road or railway

Example

The heavy rainwater flowed through the culvert under the bridge.

重い雨水が橋の下のカルバートを通って流れました。

C2 adjective /ˌkɒnsæŋˈɡwɪniəs/

consanguineous

血縁の

Meaning

Related by blood; descended from the same ancestor.

Example

The study focused on genetic disorders in consanguineous families.

この研究は血縁のある家族における遺伝的障害に焦点を当てました。

C2 noun /kɒɡˈnoʊmən/

cognomen

苗字 / あだ名

Meaning

A family name or surname; an additional name or nickname.

Example

His cognomen became widely known in literary circles.

彼の苗字は文学界で広く知られている。

C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

相殺する

Meaning

to offset or balance the effect of something

Example

Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.

運動はストレスの悪影響を相殺できます。

C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

集会

Meaning

a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose

Example

The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.

集会は説教を聞くために集まりました。

C2 noun /ˈkæn.toʊ/

canto

カント

Meaning

A main division of a long poem, especially in epic poetry.

Example

The Divine Comedy is divided into several cantos.

神曲は複数のカントに分かれています。

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

親切な; 誠実な; 心からの

Meaning

warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt

Example

She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.

彼女は玄関で私たちに親切な歓迎をしてくれました。

C2 adjective /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/

churlish

無礼

Meaning

Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.

Example

It would be churlish to refuse her kind invitation.

彼女の親切な招待を断るのは無礼だろう。

A2 noun /ˈkɒnsət/

concert

コンサート

Meaning

A musical performance given by one or more singers or musicians.

Example

We went to a concert last night and enjoyed the live music.

私たちは昨晩コンサートに行き、ライブ音楽を楽しみました。

B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

管理された

Meaning

managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits

Example

The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.

実験は管理された環境で行われました。

A2 noun /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/

college

大学

Meaning

An educational institution where students study for degrees or professional qualifications.

Example

She hopes to attend college in the city next year.

彼女は来年、市内の大学に通うことを望んでいます。

C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

感染

Meaning

The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.

Example

Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.

恐怖は群衆の中で感染のように広がった。

A2 noun /kənˈtrəʊl/

control

コントロール

Meaning

The power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events.

Example

Proper control measures are necessary.

適切なコントロール手段が必要です。

C2 adjective /ˈkrɛstˌfɔːlən/

crestfallen

がっかりした

Meaning

sad and disappointed

Example

He looked crestfallen after hearing the bad news.

彼は悪い知らせを聞いてがっかりしていた。

B1 noun /kənˈvɛnʃən/

convention

コンベンション

Meaning

a widely accepted way of behaving or doing something; a formal meeting

Example

The annual writers' convention was held in Dhaka.

作家の年次コンベンションはダッカで開催されました。

A1 noun /tʃaɪld/

child

子供

Meaning

a young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority

Example

The child played happily in the park.

その子供は公園で楽しそうに遊んでいました。

C2 noun /ˌkɑːnfɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

conformation

形態

Meaning

The shape, structure, or arrangement of something.

Example

The scientist studied the molecular conformation of the protein.

科学者はタンパク質の分子構造を研究した。

B1 noun /səˈlɛbrɪti/

celebrity

有名人

Meaning

a famous person, especially in entertainment or sports

Example

The celebrity was surrounded by fans at the airport.

その有名人は空港でファンに囲まれていた。

C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

クミン

Meaning

A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor

Example

Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.

クミンはインディア料理と中東料理で重要なスパイスです。

C2 verb /koʊˈhɪr/

cohere

一致する

Meaning

To stick together; to be united logically or physically.

Example

The ideas in his essay cohere well.

彼のエッセイのアイデアはよく調和しています。

B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

カリスマ

Meaning

Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.

Example

His charisma helped him become a great leader.

彼のカリスマは彼を偉大なリーダーにする手助けをした。

B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

変換器

Meaning

a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials

Example

The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.

エンジニアは交流電力を直流に変えるために変換器を使いました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

女性議長

Meaning

a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council

Example

She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.

彼女は長年の経験の後、その会社の女性議長に選ばれた。

C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

繊毛を持つ

Meaning

Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.

Example

The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.

呼吸器官の繊毛細胞は粘液を肺から外に出すのを助けます。

C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

警告

Meaning

a warning or condition to be considered before taking action

Example

The proposal was accepted with one caveat.

提案は警告付きで受け入れられました。

C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

微積分

Meaning

A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.

Example

Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.

微積分は物理学と工学の高度な研究に不可欠です。

B2 adjective /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/

clinical

臨床的

Meaning

Related to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoretical study.

Example

The doctor conducted a clinical examination.

医師は臨床検査を行った。

C2 noun /krəˈdjuːlɪti/

credulity

信じやすさ

Meaning

A tendency to be too ready to believe that something is real or true.

Example

The scam succeeded because of the victim's credulity.

詐欺は被害者の信じやすさのおかげで成功した。

B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

開始する

Meaning

to begin or start something

Example

The ceremony will commence at noon.

式は正午に開始されます。

B2 noun /kənˈtroʊlər/

controller

コントローラー

Meaning

a person or device that manages, directs, or regulates something

Example

The game controller made it easy to play the video game.

ゲームコントローラーはビデオゲームを簡単にプレイできるようにしました。

B1 noun /tʃest/

Chest

胸部; 箱

Meaning

the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and abdomen; a large strong box

Example

The doctor listened to his chest with a stethoscope.

医者は聴診器で彼の胸部を聞いた。

A1 noun /klɑːs/

class

クラス

Meaning

a group of students taught together or a category of people or things with shared characteristics

Example

Our class meets every morning at nine.

私たちのクラスは毎朝9時に会います。

C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

洗礼名を付ける

Meaning

to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially

Example

They christened the ship after the queen.

彼らは船に女王の名前を付けました。

A2 adjective /ˈkeər.ləs/

Careless

不注意な; 無頓着な; 不注意な; おおざっぱな;

Meaning

not giving sufficient attention or thought to avoiding harm or errors; negligent; inattentive

Example

His careless driving caused a serious accident on the highway.

彼の不注意な運転が高速道路で深刻な事故を引き起こしました。

B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

簡潔

Meaning

Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.

Example

A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.

簡潔なスピーチは長いスピーチよりも効果的です。

C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

記念の

Meaning

Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.

Example

They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.

彼らは独立記念日を祝うために記念コインを発行しました。

B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

礼儀; 優雅;

Meaning

the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark

Example

He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.

彼は高齢者のためにドアを開けたまま、非常に礼儀正しさを示しました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərmən/

chairman

幸福

Meaning

the leader or head of a meeting, committee, or organization

Example

The chairman opened the meeting with a short speech.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、喜びを隠せなかった。

B2 noun /ˈsaɪkloʊn/

cyclone

サイクロン

Meaning

a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure; a violent tropical storm

Example

The cyclone caused severe flooding along the coast.

サイクロンは沿岸地域に深刻な洪水を引き起こした。

A1 verb, noun /tʃɛk/

check

チェック

Meaning

To examine, inspect, or verify something; also a written order to a bank to pay money.

Example

Please check the report before submitting it.

レポートを提出する前にチェックしてください。

B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

壊滅的な出来事

Meaning

Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.

Example

Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.

サイクロンはバングラデシュで壊滅的な出来事です。

C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

凝固剤

Meaning

a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot

Example

The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.

医者は出血をすぐに止めるために凝固剤を使いました。

B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

貢献する

Meaning

to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something

Example

Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.

みんなは先生へのお別れの贈り物を買うためにお金を寄付しました。

C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

従順

Meaning

willingness to please others; courteous compliance

Example

Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.

彼女の従順さは彼女を同僚の中で人気者にしました。

B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

調整する

Meaning

to organize people or things so that they work together effectively

Example

We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.

私たちはプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせるために努力を調整する必要があります。

C2 noun /kænˈtɑː.tə/

cantata

カンタータ

Meaning

A vocal composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

Example

The choir performed a beautiful cantata during the festival.

合唱団は祭りの間に美しいカンタータを演奏しました。

A2 verb /tʃɪər/

cheer

応援する

Meaning

to shout in encouragement or support; to make someone feel happier

Example

The fans cheered loudly when their team scored a goal.

ファンはチームがゴールを決めたとき、大声で応援した。

C2 noun /ˈsɪniæst/

cineast

映画愛好家

Meaning

A film enthusiast or filmmaker; a person deeply interested in cinema.

Example

As a true cineast, she spends most weekends watching classic films.

真のシネアストとして、彼女はほとんどの週末をクラシック映画を観ることに費やします。

B1 noun/adjective /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

characteristic

特徴

Meaning

A distinguishing quality or feature of a person, place, or thing.

Example

Kindness is a characteristic of true leadership.

親切は真のリーダーシップの特徴です。

B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

カリキュラム

Meaning

The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.

Example

The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.

学校は、デジタルリテラシーのコースをもっと含めるためにカリキュラムを更新しました。

C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

カルヴァン主義

Meaning

A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Example

Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.

カルヴァン主義はプロテスタント神学の形成に重要な役割を果たした。

C2 adjective /ˈkjʊərətɪv/

curative

治療的

Meaning

Able to cure disease or restore health.

Example

The doctor prescribed a curative treatment for the illness.

医師は病気の治療法を処方しました。

C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

記念する

Meaning

To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.

Example

The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.

その像は、倒れた英雄たちを記念して作られました。

B2 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/

comprise

構成する

Meaning

To consist of or be made up of something.

Example

The committee comprises five members.

委員会は五人のメンバーで構成されています。

B2 noun /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən/

complication

合併症

Meaning

A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.

Example

His illness led to serious complications after surgery.

彼の病気は手術後に深刻な合併症を引き起こしました。

A2 verb /kəmˈper/

compare

比較する

Meaning

to examine similarities and differences between things

Example

I will compare these two products before buying.

私は購入前にこれらの2つの製品を比較します。

B1 verb /kruːz/

cruise

幸せ

Meaning

to travel smoothly at a moderate speed, especially for pleasure

Example

They decided to cruise along the coast during their vacation.

彼女は賞を受け取ったときの幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

反作用

Meaning

to act against something in order to reduce its effect

Example

The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.

その薬は治療の副作用をカウンターアクトするのに役立ちます。

C2 noun /sɛnˈtjʊəriən/

centurion

百人隊長

Meaning

A commander of a unit of one hundred soldiers in the ancient Roman army.

Example

The centurion led his men into battle with courage.

セントゥリオンは勇気を持って戦いに臨んだ。

C2 noun kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən

compunction

後悔

Meaning

A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.

Example

He felt compunction after lying to his friend.

彼は友達に嘘をついた後、後悔の念を感じました。

C1 verb /ˈsenʃər/

censure

非難する, 厳しく批判する

Meaning

to criticize severely; to express strong disapproval

Example

The committee censured the politician for his misconduct.

委員会は彼の不正行為に対して政治家を非難しました。

B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

確信

Meaning

A firmly held belief or opinion.

Example

She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.

彼女は確信を持って話し、皆を信じさせました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃæn.əl/

Channel

チャンネル; 水路; 手段;

Meaning

a television or radio station; a passage for water or other liquids; a means of communication

Example

The news channel provided live coverage of the important event.

ニュースチャンネルは重要なイベントのライブ放送を提供しました。

C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

カメオ

Meaning

a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person

Example

The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.

その俳優は映画でサプライズのカメオを果たした。

C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

純潔; 処女性; 節制;

Meaning

the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity

Example

Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.

多くの宗教的伝統では、純潔は道徳的純粋さの美徳とされています。

B2 adjective ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv

comprehensive

包括的

Meaning

Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough.

Example

A comprehensive study enhances understanding.

包括的な研究は理解を深めます。

C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

開始

Meaning

The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.

Example

The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.

卒業式は新しい旅の始まりを意味していました。

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

構成要素

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

プロテインとビタミンは健康的な食事の重要な構成要素です。

C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

コラムニスト

Meaning

a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine

Example

The columnist wrote an article about climate change.

コラムニストは気候変動に関する記事を書きました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒnsənənt/

consonant

子音

Meaning

A speech sound produced by blocking air flow, or a letter representing such a sound.

Example

The word 'cat' has two consonants and one vowel.

‘猫’という単語には、2つの子音と1つの母音があります。

B1 noun kəˈmɪt.i

committee

委員会

Meaning

A group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group.

Example

A 65-member committee was formed.

65人の委員会が結成されました。

B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/

Continuously

連続的に; 絶え間なく; 途切れることなく

Meaning

without interruption; in an unbroken sequence

Example

The machine operates continuously for 24 hours.

その機械は24時間連続して稼働します。

B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

強制する

Meaning

To force or drive someone to do something.

Example

The law compels citizens to pay taxes.

法律は市民に税金を支払うことを強制します。

C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同国人

Meaning

a person from one's own country or rural area

Example

He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.

彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。

C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

絞る

Meaning

to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress

Example

The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.

その蛇は獲物を飲み込む前に締め付けました。

C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

詐欺師

Meaning

a dishonest person, especially a criminal

Example

The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.

警察は最終的に車を盗んでいた詐欺師を捕まえました。

A2 noun /ˈkʌzn/

cousin

いとこ

Meaning

A child of one's uncle or aunt.

Example

My cousin is coming to visit us this weekend.

私のいとこが今週末に遊びに来ます。

C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

シャレード、ジェスチャーゲーム

Meaning

an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game

Example

The trial was nothing more than a political charade.

その裁判は単なる政治的なシャレードに過ぎなかった。

B2 adjective /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

Competent

有能な; 能力がある

Meaning

having the necessary skill or knowledge to do something successfully; capable

Example

She is a competent manager who handles all tasks efficiently.

彼女はすべてのタスクを効率的に処理する有能なマネージャーです。

B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

ゴキブリ

Meaning

a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places

Example

A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.

ゴキブリが台所の床を素早く走った。

C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

災害; 大惨事

Meaning

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster

Example

The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.

地震は恐ろしいカラミティで、何千人もの家族に影響を与えました。

B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriən/

criterion

基準

Meaning

A standard or rule used to make a judgment or decision.

Example

Honesty is an important criterion for this job.

誠実はこの仕事にとって重要な基準です。

B1 noun /ˈkɑn.tent/

Content

満足

Meaning

pleased and satisfied; the things that are contained in something; subject matter of a text

Example

She felt content with her simple life in the countryside.

彼女は田舎でのシンプルな生活に満足していました。

A2 noun /ˈkæb.ɪdʒ/

Cabbage

キャベツ

Meaning

a cultivated plant eaten as a vegetable, having thick green or purple leaves surrounding a spherical heart

Example

She chopped the fresh cabbage to make coleslaw for dinner.

彼女は夕食のためにコールスローを作るために新鮮なキャベツを切った。

A2 noun /ˈkæm.əl/

Camel

ラクダ

Meaning

a large animal with one or two humps on its back that lives in hot dry places

Example

The camel walked slowly across the desert sand.

ラクダは砂漠の砂をゆっくり歩きました。

C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

協調した

Meaning

done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people

Example

The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.

労働者たちは状況改善のために協調した努力をしました。

B1 adjective /kəmˈpetətɪv/

competitive

競争的

Meaning

relating to or characterized by competition; having a strong desire to win or be more successful

Example

She has a competitive spirit that drives her to excel.

彼女は競争心にあふれ、それが彼女を卓越に向かわせる。

C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

巨大な

Meaning

Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.

Example

The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.

エジプトの巨大なピラミッドは建築の奇跡です。

有罪の

Meaning

deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing

Example

The judge found him culpable for the accident.

裁判官は彼を事故の責任者として有罪としました。