B2 noun /ˈsen.tɪ.piːd/

Centipede

ムカデ

Meaning

a long thin creature with many legs that lives in dark places

Example

I found a centipede crawling under the rock.

私は岩の下でムカデが這っているのを見つけました。

C2 adjective /kənˈvɪviəl/

convivial

友好的で生き生きとした、楽しい; 社交的

Meaning

friendly, lively, and enjoyable; sociable

Example

The party had a convivial atmosphere with music and laughter.

パーティーは音楽と笑いに満ちたコンヴィヴィアルな雰囲気でした。

C2 noun /ˈkɒksweɪn/

coxswain

舵手

Meaning

the person in charge of navigating and steering a boat, especially a racing or small boat

Example

The coxswain shouted instructions to the rowing team.

コックスウェインはローイングチームに指示を出した。

C2 noun /kəˈdʒoʊləri/

cajolery

お世辞

Meaning

Flattering or coaxing talk intended to persuade someone.

Example

Through cajolery, he convinced his boss to grant him a raise.

お世辞を使って、彼は上司を説得して昇給を勝ち取った。

B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

クローゼット

Meaning

a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things

Example

She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.

彼女は冬のコートをドアの近くのクローゼットに保管しています。

C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

コンボイ

Meaning

a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection

Example

The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.

軍のコンボイは夜明けに砂漠を横断しました。

C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

共同体 / 心を通わせる

Meaning

Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.

Example

She went to the countryside to commune with nature.

彼女は自然と心を通わせるために田舎に行った。

A2 adjective /ˈkʌlərfəl/

colorful

カラフル

Meaning

having bright colors; full of variety or interest

Example

The festival was full of colorful decorations.

その祭りはカラフルな装飾でいっぱいでした。

A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

コレクション; 収集; アーカイブ

Meaning

a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting

Example

She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.

彼女は図書館に古い本の印象的なコレクションを持っています。

C2 noun kənˌsep.tʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

conceptualization

概念化

Meaning

The process of forming a concept or idea; the process of developing something in the mind.

Example

The conceptualization of renewable cities is groundbreaking.

再生可能な都市の概念化は画期的です。

C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

競争者, 立候補者

Meaning

a person or team competing for a title or prize

Example

She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.

彼女は市長職の強力な候補者です。

B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

選り好み

Meaning

very careful in choosing; selective

Example

She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.

彼女は自分が着る服にとてもこだわりがあります。

C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

隣接

Meaning

having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning

Example

The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.

これらの2つの管轄区域は隣接しており、同じ境界を共有しています。

B2 verb /kənˈsiːd/

concede

Meaning

to admit something is true or valid, often reluctantly

Example

She finally conceded that she was wrong.

B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

批評家

Meaning

A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature

Example

The film critic praised the director's latest movie.

映画批評家は監督の最新映画を称賛しました。

C2 adjective /kəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/

Capacious

広々とした; 大きい; 広い;

Meaning

having a lot of space inside; roomy and spacious

Example

The capacious hall can accommodate five hundred people.

広々としたホールは五百人を収容できます。

C2 noun /ˌkɒnfəˈriː/

conferee

会議参加者

Meaning

a person who takes part in a conference

Example

Each conferee received a badge at the registration desk.

各会議参加者は登録デスクでバッジを受け取りました。

A1 noun /kʌp/

Cup

カップ

Meaning

a small, round container, typically with a handle, used for drinking tea, coffee, or other hot beverages

Example

She drank tea from her favorite ceramic cup.

彼女はお気に入りの陶製カップからお茶を飲みました。

C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

活用

Meaning

the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number

Example

French verbs have complex conjugations.

フランス語の動詞には複雑な活用形があります。

B2 verb kəˈlaɪd

collide

衝突する、ぶつかる

Meaning

Hit with force when moving; come into conflict or opposition.

Example

The two cars collided at the intersection.

二台の車が交差点で衝突しました。

A1 verb /kʌm/

come

来る

Meaning

to move toward a place; to arrive at a place

Example

Please come to my birthday party.

私の誕生日パーティーに来てください。

B2 noun /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/

coalition

連立

Meaning

a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action

Example

Several parties formed a coalition to pass the new law.

いくつかの政党が新しい法律を通すために連立を組んだ。

A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格

Meaning

low in price; costing little money

Example

This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.

このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。

B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

従来型農業

Meaning

Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.

Example

Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.

従来型農業は肥料を使って作物の生産を増加させる。

B2 verb/noun /ˈsɛnsər/

censor

検閲

Meaning

to suppress or remove parts of books, films, or information considered offensive or harmful; a person who does this

Example

The government tried to censor the controversial film.

政府はその物議を醸す映画を検閲しようとしました。

C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

食器

Meaning

Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.

Example

The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.

ホテルはゲストに清潔な食器を提供しました。

B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning

to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed

Example

He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.

C2 adjective /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/

contumacious

反抗的な, 不従順な

Meaning

stubbornly disobedient or rebellious

Example

The contumacious student refused to follow the school rules.

その反抗的な学生は学校の規則に従うことを拒否しました。

B2 noun /kæf/

Calf

子牛

Meaning

a young cow or bull; young of various large mammals

Example

The calf stayed close to its mother.

子牛は母親の近くにいました。

B1 adjective kəˈmɜː.ʃəl

commercial

商業的

Meaning

Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.

Example

Commercial hubs attract investments.

商業の中心は投資を引き付けます。

C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

音楽作品

Meaning

a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra

Example

She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.

彼女はオーケストラと共にモーツァルトのコンチェルトを演奏しました。

C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

監禁

Meaning

the state of being confined or restricted

Example

The prisoner endured years of confinement.

囚人は何年もの間監禁されていた。

B1 adjective ˈkʌltʃərəl

cultural

文化的

Meaning

Relating to the arts and to intellectual achievements.

Example

Schools organize cultural programs to honor Victory Day.

学校は勝利の日を記念して文化的なプログラムを開催します。

C2 noun /tʃɜːrl/

churl

Meaning

A rude, boorish, or ill-mannered person.

Example

The waiter was such a churl that customers left unhappy.

C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

商品化

Meaning

The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.

Example

The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.

教育の商品化は授業料の増加を引き起こしました。

B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning

to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something

Example

The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.

B2 noun /kənˌtɪn.juˈeɪ.ʃən/

continuation

継続

Meaning

the action of carrying something on over time; extension

Example

The continuation of the series was announced after the finale.

シリーズの継続は最終回後に発表されました。

A1 adjective /koʊld/

Cold

寒い; 冷たい; 無愛想;

Meaning

having a low temperature; lacking warmth; unfriendly

Example

The cold winter wind made everyone shiver.

冷たい冬の風がみんなを震えさせた。

B1 noun /ˈkemɪst/

chemist

化学者; 薬剤師

Meaning

a scientist who studies chemistry; a person trained to prepare and dispense medicines

Example

The chemist analyzed the sample to determine its composition.

化学者は成分を特定するために試料を分析した。

B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

強い欲求

Meaning

a strong desire for something

Example

She has a craving for chocolate every evening.

彼女は毎晩チョコレートが欲しくなる。

A2 noun /ˈkɑr.pɪt/

Carpet

カーペット

Meaning

a floor covering made from thick woven fabric

Example

The Persian carpet in the living room was a family heirloom.

リビングルームのペルシャカーペットは家族の遺産でした。

C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

凝固剤

Meaning

a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot

Example

The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.

医者は出血をすぐに止めるために凝固剤を使いました。

C2 adjective /ˈklɛmənt/

clement

温和な / 慈悲深い

Meaning

mild or merciful; describing weather as mild and pleasant

Example

The prisoners hoped for a clement judge.

囚人たちは温和な裁判官を望んでいた。

C2 adjective /ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk/

calorific

カロリーの高い

Meaning

Relating to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel.

Example

Chocolate is highly calorific, so it should be eaten in moderation.

チョコレートは非常にカロリーが高いため、適量を食べるべきです。

C1 noun /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

curfew

外出禁止令

Meaning

a rule requiring people to stay indoors after a certain time, usually at night

Example

The city imposed a curfew during the unrest.

都市は騒動の間に外出禁止令を課しました。

C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

振付

Meaning

The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.

Example

The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.

バレエの振付は息を呑むほど素晴らしかった。

C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

担保、ローンの保証として提供される資産

Meaning

Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.

Example

The bank requires collateral for loan approval.

銀行はローン承認のために担保を要求します。

B1 noun/verb /koʊd/

code

コード

Meaning

a system of words, letters, or symbols used to represent information or instructions

Example

He wrote a code to solve the problem on the computer.

彼はコンピュータで問題を解決するためのコードを書きました。

C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

召喚する

Meaning

to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly

Example

The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.

魔法使いは帽子からウサギを召喚しました。

C2 noun /ˈkaɪrəˌmænsi/

chiromancy

手相占い

Meaning

The practice of predicting the future by interpreting the lines on the palms of hands; palmistry.

Example

The old woman practiced chiromancy and told fortunes for travelers.

年老いた女性は手相占いを実践し、旅行者に未来を予言しました。

C2 noun /ˈkærəˌpeɪs/

carapace

カメやカニの背中を覆う硬い殻

Meaning

the hard shell covering the back of some animals like turtles and crabs

Example

The turtle withdrew into its carapace for protection.

カメは保護のためにカラパスに引っ込んだ。

C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

過度に偏った人物

Meaning

A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.

Example

He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.

職場で女性についての彼の発言の後、彼はショービニストとラベル付けされた。

A2 noun/verb /ˈkɒntækt/

contact

接触

Meaning

Communication or connection with someone.

Example

You should contact your doctor if symptoms persist.

症状が続く場合は、医師にコンタクトを取るべきです。

C2 noun /ˈkætɪtʃuː/

Catechu

カテチュー

Meaning

an extract from a tropical Asian plant, used in tanning and dyeing

Example

Catechu extract is commonly used in traditional medicine.

カテチュー抽出物は伝統医学で一般的に使用されます。

C2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪbd/

circumscribed

制限された

Meaning

restricted or limited in scope or freedom

Example

Her freedom of choice was circumscribed by social rules.

彼女の選択の自由は社会的なルールによって制限されていた。

B1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈprəʊɡræmz

Community Programs

地域プログラム

Meaning

Organized activities involving local groups to promote environmental conservation.

Example

Community programs raise awareness about butterfly conservation.

地域プログラムは蝶の保護についての意識を高めます。

C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

暗号

Meaning

A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.

Example

Military messages are protected using a cipher.

軍事的なメッセージは暗号を使って保護されます。

B1 verb /tʃuː/

chew

幸せ

Meaning

to bite food into smaller pieces with your teeth before swallowing it

Example

You should chew your food properly to help with digestion.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せませんでした。

C2 noun /tʃəˈmeɪ.li/

Chameli

ジャスミン

Meaning

a variety of jasmine flower with small white fragrant petals

Example

The chameli flowers are commonly used to make garlands and perfumes.

ジャスミンの花はよく花輪や香水を作るために使われます。

C2 noun /ˈkæt.kɪn/

Catkin

ネコヤナギ

Meaning

a drooping, often tasseled cluster of small flowers found on willow and birch trees

Example

The willow tree's catkins swayed gently in the spring breeze.

柳の木のネコヤナギが春の風に揺れていた。

C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

亀裂

Meaning

a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall

Example

The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.

トカゲは石の間の亀裂に隠れていた。

B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/

collected

冷静

Meaning

calm and in control of oneself

Example

She remained calm and collected during the crisis.

危機の間、彼女は冷静でコレクテッドでした。

B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

調整する

Meaning

to organize people or things so that they work together effectively

Example

We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.

私たちはプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせるために努力を調整する必要があります。

C2 verb /kəˈnaɪv/

connive

秘密裏に不正行為に関与する

Meaning

to secretly allow or be involved in a wrongdoing

Example

The manager connived with the supplier to cheat the company.

マネージャーは供給者と共謀して会社を騙した。

A2 adjective /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

coming

来る

Meaning

approaching or happening soon

Example

We are preparing for the coming festival.

私たちは来る祭りの準備をしています。

C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

天体

Meaning

Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.

Example

The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.

空にある天体は昨夜はっきりと見えました。

C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

袋小路

Meaning

A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.

Example

They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.

彼らは静かな袋小路の先に家を買いました。

B1 noun /kræft/

craft

技術、工芸、手工芸

Meaning

an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation

Example

She has mastered the craft of pottery.

彼女は陶芸の技術を習得しています。

C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

火葬する

Meaning

to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite

Example

According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.

彼の希望に従って、葬儀の後に彼の遺体を火葬しました。

C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

クミン

Meaning

A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor

Example

Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.

クミンはインディア料理と中東料理で重要なスパイスです。

B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

容量

Meaning

The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.

Example

The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.

ケーブルは大量のデータトラフィックを処理する能力を持っています。

B2 noun /ˈkæp.tɪv/

Captive

捕虜

Meaning

a person who has been taken prisoner or an animal that has been confined

Example

The captive was held in a small cell for several months.

捕虜は数ヶ月間小さな部屋に閉じ込められていた。

B1 noun /tʃɑːrm/

Charm

魅力; 魔法; 魅力的な力

Meaning

the power or quality of giving delight or arousing admiration; a magical spell or talisman

Example

Her natural charm and wit made her popular at social gatherings.

彼女の自然な魅力と機知は、社交的な集まりで彼女を人気者にした。

A2 noun, adjective /ˈkrɪstʃən/

christian

クリスチャン

Meaning

a person who follows the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

Example

She is a devoted Christian who attends church every Sunday.

彼女は毎週日曜日に教会に行く献身的なクリスチャンです。

C2 adjective /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/

churlish

無礼

Meaning

Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.

Example

It would be churlish to refuse her kind invitation.

彼女の親切な招待を断るのは無礼だろう。

C2 adjective /ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/

circumspect

慎重, 用心深い, 予見的

Meaning

Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.

Example

Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.

投資家は意思決定を下す前に慎重でなければなりません。

B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

強制する

Meaning

To force or drive someone to do something.

Example

The law compels citizens to pay taxes.

法律は市民に税金を支払うことを強制します。

C2 verb /ˈkɔː.tə.raɪz/

cauterize

焼灼する

Meaning

to burn tissue to stop bleeding or prevent infection

Example

The doctor cauterized the wound to stop the bleeding.

医者は出血を止めるために傷を焼灼した。

C2 noun /ˈkælvəri/

calvary

Meaning

A place or experience of intense suffering, originally the site of Jesus’s crucifixion.

Example

For many refugees, the journey across the desert was a calvary.

C2 adjective /ˈkɒnfluənt/

confluent

合流

Meaning

Flowing together or merging; coming together at one point.

Example

The confluent streams formed a mighty river.

合流する小川が力強い川を作った。

C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

制約された、無理に作られた

Meaning

appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted

Example

He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.

彼は気まずい会議で強制的な笑顔を見せた。

B1 noun /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/

christianity

キリスト教

Meaning

the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

Example

Christianity has millions of followers around the world.

キリスト教は世界中に数百万の信者を持っています。

B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/

correspondent

通信員

Meaning

A journalist who reports news from a particular place or on a particular subject.

Example

The foreign correspondent reported live from Paris.

外国の通信員がパリからライブで報告した。

C2 noun /ˈklæpər/

clapper

鐘の中にある金属部品、鐘を打って音を出す

Meaning

The free-swinging metal piece inside a bell that strikes it to produce sound.

Example

The clapper inside the bell was broken.

鐘の中の金属部品は壊れていた。

C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

顔つき、表情; 支援

Meaning

a person's face or expression; support or approval

Example

Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.

彼女の明るい顔つきが部屋を明るくした。

A2 noun /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

clothing

衣服

Meaning

items worn to cover the body; apparel collectively

Example

Warm clothing is essential in winter.

冬には暖かい衣服が必要です。

B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

重要な

Meaning

Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.

Example

Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.

フェイルオーバーは信頼性にとって重要です。

B1 noun /kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

communication

コミュニケーション

Meaning

The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.

Example

Effective communication is crucial for any successful project.

効果的なコミュニケーションは、どんな成功したプロジェクトにも不可欠です。

A1 adjective /kuːl/

cool

冷たい, 落ち着いた, 印象的

Meaning

moderately cold; calm and composed; fashionable or impressive

Example

She kept a cool head during the crisis.

彼女は危機の中で冷静を保った。

C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

カタパルト

Meaning

A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.

Example

The invention catapulted him to international fame.

その発明は彼を国際的な名声へとカタパルトした。

C2 adjective /ˈtʃɛəri/

chary

用心

Meaning

cautious or wary about doing something

Example

She was chary of investing in the new business venture.

彼女は新しいビジネスに投資することに慎重だった。

C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

熟知、精通

Meaning

familiar with or knowledgeable about something

Example

She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.

彼女は最新の技術の進展に精通しています。

B1 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət/

climate

気候

Meaning

The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general.

Example

Climate change impacts all regions globally.

気候変動は世界中のすべての地域に影響を与えます。

B1 adjective /ˈsɪvəl/

civil

市民の

Meaning

Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, or being polite and courteous.

Example

They settled the matter through civil discussion.

彼らは市民的な議論を通じて問題を解決しました。

C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

音量の段階的増加

Meaning

a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music

Example

The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.

オーケストラはフィナーレの前に強力なクレッシェンドを築いた。

C2 verb /ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt/

cogitate

熟考する

Meaning

to think deeply about something; to meditate or reflect

Example

He sat by the river to cogitate on his future plans.

彼は川のそばに座って、未来の計画について考えました。

B1 noun /ˈkɒntɛkst/

context

文脈

Meaning

the circumstances or background relevant to an event, statement, or idea

Example

To understand the quote, you need to know the context in which it was said.

引用を理解するには、それが言われた文脈を知っている必要があります。

C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

強迫; 強制;

Meaning

the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way

Example

He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.

彼は数分おきに電話を確認したいという強迫感を感じていた。

C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

コスモロジー

Meaning

the science of the origin and development of the universe

Example

She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.

彼女は宇宙の起源を理解するためにコスモロジーを学んだ。

B1 noun /kəˈsiːnoʊ/

casino

カジノ

Meaning

a place where people gamble and play games of chance

Example

They spent the evening playing cards at the casino.

彼らはカジノでカードをして夜を過ごしました。

B1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌmiːtər/

centimeter

センチメートル

Meaning

A metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter.

Example

The table is 120 centimeters long.

テーブルは120センチメートルの長さです。

C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

大きな包丁

Meaning

a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables

Example

The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.

シェフはチキンの骨を切るために大きな包丁を使いました。

C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

不平を言う

Meaning

to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters

Example

She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.

彼女は最小の不便さについても不平を言う傾向がある。

C2 noun /kənˈtjuː.ʒən/

contusion

打撲、内出血

Meaning

a bruise or injury without breaking the skin

Example

The boxer had several contusions after the match.

ボクサーは試合後にいくつかの打撲を受けていました。

B1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.təm/

Custom

習慣; 慣習; 関税;

Meaning

a traditional practice or behavior; duties levied on imports; habitual practice

Example

It is a local custom to remove shoes before entering someone's home.

他の人の家に入る前に靴を脱ぐのは、地元の習慣です。

A2 verb /krɒs/

cross

渡る

Meaning

to go from one side to another, or to pass through

Example

We crossed the river using a wooden bridge.

私たちは木製の橋を使って川を渡りました。

C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

子馬

Meaning

a young male horse, especially one under four years old

Example

The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.

農夫は若いコルトを鞍を受け入れるように訓練しました。

C2 verb /kædʒ/

cadge

物乞い

Meaning

To beg or obtain something, especially food or money, without paying for it.

Example

He tried to cadge a free meal from the restaurant.

彼はレストランから無料の食事を求めようとした。

C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

理解できる

Meaning

able to be understood; intelligible

Example

The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.

先生はそのトピックを理解しやすい方法で説明しました。

B1 noun, verb /ˈkrɛdɪt/

credit

Meaning

As a noun: the ability to obtain goods or services before payment; recognition for an achievement. As a verb: to publicly acknowledge someone's contribution.

Example

She received credit for her contribution to the project.

C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

Meaning

to criticize or punish severely

Example

The teacher chastised the student for being late.

B2 adjective ˈkʌtɪŋ ˌɛdʒ

cutting-edge

最先端, 革新的, 最先端技術

Meaning

The most advanced or innovative; at the forefront of development.

Example

This company develops cutting-edge technology.

この会社は最先端技術を開発しています。

C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

コホート

Meaning

A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.

Example

The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.

その研究は10年にわたり学生のコホートを追跡しました。

C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

軽い笑い

Meaning

a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement

Example

He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.

彼は面白いジョークを聞いて軽くクスクス笑った。

C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

騎士道

Meaning

The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.

Example

The knight lived by the code of chivalry.

騎士は騎士道の規範に従って生きていました。

B2 noun /ˌkɑn.frənˈteɪ.ʃən/

Confrontation

対立

Meaning

a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties; direct challenge or opposition

Example

The confrontation between the two leaders ended without any agreement.

二人のリーダー間の対立は合意なく終わった。

B1 adjective /ˈkəʊstəl/

coastal

海岸の

Meaning

relating to or near a coast or shoreline

Example

They built a resort in a coastal area.

彼らは海岸の地域にリゾートを建てました。

A2 noun; verb /tʃæt/

chat

おしゃべり

Meaning

an informal conversation; to talk in a friendly, informal way

Example

We had a long chat after dinner.

夕食の後で長いおしゃべりをしました。

C2 verb /ˈkæn.tər/

canter

軽いギャロップ

Meaning

To ride a horse at a controlled, easy pace between a trot and a gallop.

Example

She cantered her horse across the field with ease.

彼女は馬を簡単にフィールドを走らせた。

B1 noun kəˈmɪt.mənts

commitments

約束

Meaning

Formal pledges or promises to do something, especially in terms of obligations or agreements.

Example

Global commitments to renewable energy are increasing.

再生可能エネルギーに対する世界的な約束が増加しています。

C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

Meaning

an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces

Example

He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.