breadth
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C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

幅
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
彼の知識の幅は皆に感銘を与えました。
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

えくぼ
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
彼女の魅力的なえくぼは、子供たちに微笑むたびに現れました。
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

覆う
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
山頂は霧に包まれていました。
B2 noun /ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər/

Skyscraper

超高層ビル
Meaning
a very tall building of many stories
Example
The new skyscraper dominates the city's skyline.
新しい超高層ビルが街のスカイラインを支配しています。
C2 noun /kəˈdævər/

cadaver

死体
Meaning
A dead human body, especially one used for medical study.
Example
Medical students dissected the cadaver to learn about human anatomy.
医学生は死体を解剖して人間の解剖学を学びました。
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

悪化させる
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
気候変動が洪水の問題を悪化させている。
C1 noun /nɔːrm/

Norm

規範; 標準; ルール; 伝統
Meaning
a standard of behavior; what is typical or expected
Example
Working late has become the norm in this company.
遅くまで働くことがこの会社の規範になった。
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

毛細血管
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
壊れた毛細血管は暗い輪を引き起こす。
B2 noun /ˈlɪz.ɚd/

Lizard

トカゲ
Meaning
a cold-blooded reptile with a long body, four legs, and a tail
Example
A small lizard ran across the garden wall.
小さなトカゲが庭の壁を走った。
C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

深い切り傷
Meaning
A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.
Example
He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.
事故の後、彼の足には深い切り傷があった。
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

帰する
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
彼らは会社の成功を良いリーダーシップに帰属させた。
C2 noun /dʒæm/

jamb

ドア枠
Meaning
The side post or surface of a doorway, window, or fireplace.
Example
The carpenter carefully measured the width of the door jamb.
大工はドア枠の幅を慎重に測定した。
A2 adjective ˈpɒzətɪv

positive

ポジティブ
Meaning
Having an electric charge opposite to that of an electron.
Example
Protons have a positive charge.
陽子は正の電荷を持っています。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

差止命令
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
裁判所は、会社が河川を汚染するのを防ぐために差止命令を出した。
B2 verb /ˈæmplɪˌfaɪ/

amplify

増幅する
Meaning
to make sounds louder; to make something larger or more significant
Example
The microphone amplifies her voice.
マイクロフォンは彼女の声を増幅させます。
B2 noun /ˈbrʌðərhʊd/

brotherhood

兄弟愛
Meaning
The relationship between brothers; an association of people with common interests
Example
The soldiers shared a strong sense of brotherhood.
兵士たちは強い兄弟愛を共有していました。
C2 adjective /dʒɪˈdʒuːn/

jejune

未熟 / 表面的 / 退屈
Meaning
Naive, simplistic, and superficial; also dull or uninteresting.
Example
The professor dismissed the essay as jejune and lacking depth.
教授はそのエッセイを未熟で深みがないとして却下した。
A2 verb /bɛr/

bear

耐える
Meaning
to carry; to endure; to give birth to; to support
Example
She cannot bear the pain anymore.
彼女はもうこの痛みを耐えられません。
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要な、顕著な、または目立つ
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
レポートは議論の重要な点を強調しました。
B2 adjective /ʌnˈwɜːrði/

Unworthy

値しない; 価値がない
Meaning
not deserving respect or attention; lacking worth or merit
Example
He felt unworthy of such praise and recognition.
彼はそのような賞賛と認識を受けるには値しないと感じた。
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

文明
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
古代エジプトはその優れた文明で知られています。
B2 noun /kwest/

Quest

探求; 探索
Meaning
a journey or search for something; an adventure to achieve a goal
Example
The knight embarked on a quest to find the legendary treasure.
騎士は伝説の宝物を見つけるための探求を始めました。
C2 noun /ˌɪntərpəˈzɪʃən/

interposition

介入
Meaning
The act of intervening or coming between two things, often to influence or prevent an outcome.
Example
The manager’s interposition prevented a heated argument from escalating.
マネージャーの介入は、激しい議論がエスカレートするのを防ぎました。
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

自重トレーニング
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
彼女は毎朝公園でカリステニクスを練習しています。
C1 adjective /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒənt/

Negligent

不注意な
Meaning
failing to take proper care; careless; showing lack of attention
Example
The negligent driver caused a serious accident.
不注意な運転手が重大な事故を引き起こした。
A2 noun /bɑːθ/

Bath

お風呂; 浴槽
Meaning
the act of washing one's body; a container for bathing
Example
I take a hot bath every evening.
私は毎晩、熱いお風呂に入ります。
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

スラング; 不正な言葉
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
ティーンエイジャーは親が理解できないスラングを使いました。
C2 noun /ˈʌndərlɪŋ/

underling

部下
Meaning
a person of low rank or importance; a subordinate
Example
The manager ordered his underlings to finish the task quickly.
マネージャーは部下に仕事を迅速に終わらせるよう命じました。
A2 noun /pəˈluː.ʃən/

pollution

汚染
Meaning
The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.
Example
Industrial pollution harms marine life.
産業汚染は海洋生物に害を及ぼします。
A1 noun/verb /pɛn/

pen

幸せ
Meaning
A writing instrument using ink; also, to write something.
Example
She used a pen to sign the document.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 noun /ˈoʊ.vər.let/

Overlet

ベッドパッド
Meaning
a thin mattress or pad placed over a bed for additional comfort
Example
The overlet makes the bed more comfortable to sleep on.
オーバーレットはベッドをより快適にして眠りやすくします。
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

割り当て
Meaning
The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.
Example
Budget allocation for education must be increased.
教育のための予算の割り当ては増加しなければならない。
C2 adjective /ˈɡɛə.rɪʃ/

garish

過度に明るく派手
Meaning
Excessively bright and showy, often in a tasteless or unattractive way.
Example
The room was decorated with garish neon lights.
部屋は過度に明るいネオンライトで飾られていました。
B2 noun /ˈwaɪnəri/

winery

ワイナリー
Meaning
a place where wine is made
Example
They visited a famous winery in France.
彼らはフランスの有名なワイナリーを訪れました。
C2 adjective /kwəʊˈtɪdiən/

quotidian

日常的な、普通の
Meaning
Ordinary or everyday, especially when mundane.
Example
He focused on the quotidian details of family life.
彼は家族生活の日常的な詳細に集中した。
C2 noun /skriːd/

screed

長く退屈な文書
Meaning
a long, tedious piece of writing or speech; also a layer of material like cement spread on a surface
Example
He delivered a long screed against corruption.
彼は腐敗に反対する長いスピーチをしました。
B2 adjective /ˈdʒʌm.boʊ/

Jumbo

非常に大きい; 巨大
Meaning
exceptionally large; enormous; gigantic
Example
The jumbo jet was delayed at the airport.
ジャンボジェットは空港で遅れました。
A1 noun, verb /hɛd/

head

頭 / リーダー
Meaning
The upper part of the human body or to lead or be in charge of something.
Example
She turned her head to look out the window.
彼女は窓の外を見るために頭を回した。
C2 noun /ˈteɪbər/

Tabour

タムボール
Meaning
a small side drum or tambourine used especially in folk music
Example
The folk musician played a lively tune on his tabour.
フォークミュージシャンは自分のタムボールで生き生きとしたメロディーを演奏しました。
A2 noun ˈbræntʃɪz

Branches

枝
Meaning
A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or from a bough.
Example
Family tree branches show the relationship between family members.
家系図の枝は家族のメンバー間の関係を示します。
B2 adjective /ˈslʌɡ.ɪʃ/

Sluggish

遅い; 鈍い; 非活動的
Meaning
slow-moving; lacking energy or alertness; inactive
Example
The old computer became sluggish after running for hours.
古いコンピュータは数時間動かした後、遅くなった。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

変色
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
太陽光線は布地の変色を引き起こします。
C2 verb /ˈwɔːbəl/

warble

震える声で歌うまたはトリルで口笛を吹く
Meaning
To sing or whistle with a quavering voice or with trills.
Example
The bird warbled a sweet tune in the morning.
その鳥は朝に甘いメロディを歌った。
C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

フランネル
Meaning
a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised
Example
He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.
彼は冬に暖かいフランネルシャツを着ていました。
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

最も脆弱な国
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
バングラデシュは気候変動に最も脆弱な国の一つです。
C2 verb /ˈdiːɪfaɪ/

deify

神格化する
Meaning
to treat or worship someone or something as a god
Example
Some fans deify their favorite celebrities.
一部のファンはお気に入りの有名人を神のように崇拝します。
C2 noun /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪst/

pugilist

ボクサー
Meaning
A professional or skilled boxer.
Example
The pugilist entered the ring with confidence.
ボクサーは自信を持ってリングに上がった。
C1 noun ˌriː.pɚˈkʌʃ.ənz

repercussions

影響
Meaning
The unintended consequences or effects of an action or event.
Example
The new policy had unintended repercussions on the economy.
新しい政策は経済に予期しない影響を与えました。
C1 noun /frəˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

fragility

もろさ
Meaning
The quality of being fragile; delicateness.
Example
The cornea's fragility increases with rubbing.
角膜のもろさはこすることで増加します。
C1 noun flɛər

flair

才能
Meaning
A natural ability to do something well.
Example
She has a flair for design, always creating visually stunning work.
彼女はデザインに才能があり、常に視覚的に印象的な作品を作り出します。
C2 noun /mɪˈsænθrəpi/

misanthropy

人類嫌悪
Meaning
a general dislike, distrust, or hatred of humankind
Example
His misanthropy was evident in the way he avoided people.
彼の人類嫌悪は、彼が人々を避ける方法に明らかに現れていました。
C2 noun /ˈʌm.brə/

Umbra

完全な影、太陽黒点の暗い中心
Meaning
the fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object; the dark center of a sunspot
Example
During the eclipse, we stood in the moon's umbra.
日食の際、私たちは月のアンブラの中に立っていました。
A1 adverb /təˈmɒroʊ/

Tomorrow

明日
Meaning
on the day after today; in the future
Example
Tomorrow we will visit the museum.
明日、私たちは博物館を訪れます。
B2 noun /ɪnˈspekʃən/

inspection

検査
Meaning
a careful examination of something, especially to check that it is correct or safe
Example
The building passed the safety inspection last week.
その建物は先週、安全検査に合格しました。
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意の
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
彼らのタイムリーな救助は天意のものと見なされました。
A1 adverb /æz/

As

ように; だから; その時に
Meaning
in the way that; while; because; during the time that
Example
As you grow older, you become wiser.
年を取ると、より賢くなります。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

思いやりがない
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
夜遅くに大きな音で音楽を流すことは、思いやりがない行動でした。
B2 noun /ˈpriː.tɛns/ or /prɪˈtɛns/

pretense

仮面, 偽装
Meaning
A false appearance or claim; an act of pretending.
Example
His kindness was only a pretense to gain trust.
彼の優しさは信頼を得るための単なる仮面だった。
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

抑制する
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
恐怖は個人の成長を抑制する可能性があります。
C2 noun ˌæm.ɔː.tɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

amortization

償却
Meaning
The process of paying off debt with regular payments over time.
Example
The amortization schedule showed a 10-year repayment plan.
アモチゼーションスケジュールは10年間の返済計画を示しました。
B2 adjective /ˌprɒb.ləˈmæt.ɪk/

Problematic

問題のある; 問題を引き起こす
Meaning
causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with
Example
The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.
新しい政策変更は問題があり、再評価する必要があります。
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

ファイル
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
弁護士は証拠のドシエを裁判所に提出しました。
B1 noun ˈseʃən

session

セッション
Meaning
A meeting of an official body, especially a legislature, council, or court of law, to conduct its business.
Example
The session was held on February 25.
セッションは2月25日に開催されました。
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

Considerably

かなり; 相当
Meaning
to a notably large degree; significantly; substantially
Example
The price has increased considerably over the past year.
昨年、価格はかなり上昇しました。
C2 adverb /əˈsʌndər/

asunder

バラバラに
Meaning
into separate parts; apart
Example
The ancient empire was torn asunder by war.
古代の帝国は戦争でバラバラにされてしまった。
B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

爬虫類
Meaning
a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land
Example
The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.
トカゲは庭で見られる一般的な爬虫類です。
C2 adjective /ˌhæfˈbeɪkt/

half-baked

中途半端
Meaning
poorly thought out or badly planned
Example
The manager quickly rejected his half-baked proposal.
マネージャーは彼の中途半端な提案をすぐに却下しました。
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

有効に
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
契約は両当事者によって有効に署名されました。
B2 adjective /ˈtɛlɪŋ/

telling

重要な示唆
Meaning
Revealing something significant or giving important information.
Example
Her silence was more telling than words.
彼女の沈黙は言葉よりも重要だった。
C1 noun /ˈblɒk.ɪdʒ/

Blockage

詰まり
Meaning
an obstruction that makes movement or flow difficult or impossible
Example
The drain blockage caused water to overflow in the kitchen.
排水の詰まりがキッチンで水があふれた原因となりました。
B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning
to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed
Example
He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.
B2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrprəˈteɪʃən/

interpretation

解釈
Meaning
the action of explaining the meaning of something
Example
The teacher gave her own interpretation of the poem.
教師は詩の自分の解釈を示しました。
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

汚染
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
空気の汚染は健康に問題を引き起こします。
A1 pronoun /hɜːrz/

hers

彼女の（女性の）物
Meaning
used to refer to something that belongs to or is associated with a female person previously mentioned or easily identified.
Example
That blue bag is hers.
その青いバッグは彼女のものです。
C2 noun /ˈɪrˌʃɑːt/

earshot

耳の届く範囲
Meaning
the range or distance within which a sound can be heard
Example
The children whispered secrets out of earshot of their parents.
子供たちは親の耳の届く範囲外で秘密をささやいた。
B2 noun /ˈfɔːr.kæst/

Forecast

天気予報
Meaning
a prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather conditions
Example
The weather forecast predicted heavy rain for the entire weekend.
天気予報は週末全体で大雨を予測しました。
C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuː

residue

残留物
Meaning
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been removed.
Example
Soap residue affects appliance efficiency.
石鹸の残りが機器の効率に影響を与えます。
C2 noun /ˈmædrɪɡəl/

madrigal

Meaning
A short, lyrical poem set to music, typically from the Renaissance period.
Example
The choir performed a beautiful madrigal from the 16th century.
C2 noun /bəˈfuːn/

buffoon

道化師
Meaning
A ridiculous but amusing person; a clown or jester.
Example
He acted like a buffoon at the party, making everyone laugh.
彼はパーティーで道化師のように振る舞い、みんなを笑わせた。
B2 verb kəˈlæbəreɪt

collaborate

協力する
Meaning
To work jointly with others, especially in an intellectual endeavor; cooperate.
Example
Volunteers often collaborate with local organizations.
ボランティアは地元の組織とよく協力しています。
B2 adjective /brɪsk/

Brisk

活発な; 速い; 元気な
Meaning
quick and energetic; lively; vigorous
Example
She took a brisk walk in the morning to feel energized.
彼女は朝、元気を感じるために活発に歩いた。
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/

Gold

金
Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
金のブレスレットは太陽の光で輝いていました。
B2 adjective ɪˈvɒlvɪŋ

evolving

進化する
Meaning
Developing gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form; changing and developing.
Example
Education plays a role in evolving societal norms.
教育は社会的規範の進化において役割を果たします。
A1 noun /plæn/

plan

計画
Meaning
A detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.
Example
A good plan keeps you focused.
良い計画はあなたを集中させます。
B1 noun /kənˈsʌltənt/

consultant

コンサルタント
Meaning
A professional who provides expert advice in a particular area.
Example
The company hired a consultant to improve its marketing strategy.
会社はマーケティング戦略を改善するためにコンサルタントを雇いました。
A2 noun /ɡlʌvz/

Gloves

手袋
Meaning
coverings for the hands with separate parts for each finger
Example
She wore warm gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
彼女は寒さから手を守るために暖かい手袋をはめました。
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

メロディアス
Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
彼女のメロディアスな声は、観客全員を魅了しました。
B2 adverb /ˈbrɔːdli/

broadly

広く
Meaning
in a general or wide manner.
Example
The rules are broadly similar across all regions.
ルールはすべての地域で大まかに似ています。
B2 noun/verb /ˈsæd.əl/

saddle

馬の鞍; 誰かに責任を負わせる
Meaning
A seat fastened on the back of a horse for riding; to burden someone with a responsibility.
Example
He saddled the horse before going for a ride.
彼は乗馬の前に馬にサドルをつけた。
C1 verb /hɔːrd/

hoard

蓄える
Meaning
to accumulate and hide away a large supply of something, often secretly
Example
During the crisis, many people began to hoard food and water.
危機の間、多くの人々が食べ物と水を蓄え始めました。
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

死肉食者 / ゴミ収集者
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
ハゲワシは自然のスカベンジャーで、環境をきれいにします。
C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

驚愕
Meaning
With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.
Example
She stood agape at the breathtaking view.
彼女は息を呑むような景色に驚いて口を開けたまま立っていた。
B2 adjective/verb /əˈprɒksɪmət/

approximate

おおよその
Meaning
close to the actual but not exact; to estimate or calculate roughly
Example
The cost is approximate and may change later.
その費用はおおよそのもので、後で変わるかもしれません。
C2 noun /ˈbrɪn.dʒəl/

Brinjal

ナス
Meaning
a large purple vegetable that is white inside; also called eggplant
Example
My mother cooked brinjal curry for lunch.
母は昼食にナスのカレーを作りました。
A2 adjective /ʌnˈlʌki/

Unlucky

不運; ラッキーでない
Meaning
having bad luck; unfortunate
Example
He was unlucky to miss the winning shot.
彼は勝つシュートを外して不運だった。
C1 verb /daʊs/

douse

消す / 注ぐ
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
消防士たちは水で炎を消しました。
C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

独自のスタイル
Meaning
Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.
Example
He delivered his speech with great panache.
彼は素晴らしいスタイルでスピーチを行った。
A1 noun /fəʊn/

phone

電話
Meaning
a device for communication, typically used to make calls or send messages
Example
I need to charge my phone.
私は電話を充電する必要があります。
A2 noun ˌtræn.spɔːrˈteɪ.ʃən

Transportation

輸送
Meaning
The movement of people or goods from one place to another.
Example
Efficient transportation reduces costs.
効率的な輸送はコストを削減します。
C1 verb /ˌriːˈmɒdəl/

remodel

改装する
Meaning
To change the structure or form of something, especially a building.
Example
They decided to remodel their kitchen last summer.
彼らは昨年の夏にキッチンをリモデルすることに決めました。
B2 adverb /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/

subsequently

その後
Meaning
at a later time; afterward
Example
He failed his exam and subsequently had to retake it.
彼は試験に失敗し、その後再試験を受けなければならなかった。
C2 noun /ˈhɒɡz.hɛd/

hogshead

大樽
Meaning
A large cask or barrel, traditionally used for storing liquids like wine or beer.
Example
The cellar was filled with hogsheads of ale.
地下室はビールの大樽でいっぱいだった。
C1 noun ˌdjʊə.rəˈbɪl.ə.ti

durability

耐久性
Meaning
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
Example
The durability of materials affects performance.
素材の耐久性はパフォーマンスに影響を与えます。
B2 noun /ˈfrɪkʃən/

friction

摩擦
Meaning
the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another; conflict or tension between people or groups
Example
There was friction between the two departments over resource allocation.
リソース配分に関して、二つの部門間に摩擦がありました。
C2 noun /mjuːˈlætoʊ/

mulatto

混血の人（古くて攻撃的な言葉）
Meaning
an outdated and now offensive term historically used to describe a person of mixed white and Black ancestry
Example
The word 'mulatto' is now considered outdated and offensive.
'ムラット'という言葉は、現在では時代遅れで攻撃的だと見なされています。
C2 noun /bɪˈtroʊðəl/

betrothal

婚約
Meaning
The formal engagement to be married.
Example
Their betrothal was announced to the whole village.
彼らの婚約は村中に発表されました。
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

多様性
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
プロジェクトは多様な課題に直面しました。
B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

説得力のある; 信頼できる; 説得力のある; 誰かに何かを信じさせることができる
Meaning
believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something
Example
His convincing argument won over the entire jury.
彼の説得力のある議論は全陪審員を納得させました。
C2 adjective /ˈɑːsɪˌfaɪd/

ossified

骨に変わった、硬直した
Meaning
Turned into bone or become rigid; unwilling to change.
Example
The company had an ossified management structure that resisted innovation.
その会社は、革新に抵抗する硬直した管理構造を持っていました。
C2 noun /ɪmˈpruː.dəns/

Imprudence

無分別; 不注意; 軽率
Meaning
the quality of being imprudent; lack of care for consequences; recklessness
Example
His financial imprudence led to bankruptcy within just two years.
彼の財務の無分別は、わずか2年で破産を招いた。
C2 noun ˈpær.ə.ɡən

paragon

模範
Meaning
A person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality; a model of excellence.
Example
Neom is a paragon of sustainable urban design.
ネオムは持続可能な都市設計の模範です。
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

mining

採掘
Meaning
the process of extracting valuable minerals or other resources from the earth
Example
Mining in this area has increased in recent years.
この地域での採掘は近年増加しています。
B2 adjective /dɪˈsɛndənt/

descendent

下降する
Meaning
Moving downward; going down or descending.
Example
The river followed a descendent course toward the valley.
川は谷に向かって下降するコースをたどった。
B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning
To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.
Example
He committed a serious mistake in the report.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪs.fəl/

Graceful

優雅な; 滑らかな; 洗練された; 動きや振る舞いの美しさを持つ
Meaning
elegant; smooth; refined; having beauty of movement or manner
Example
The dancer moved with graceful elegance.
ダンサーは優雅に動きました。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

犯人
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
警察は犯罪者を逮捕した。
B2 noun əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti

accountability

責任
Meaning
The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.
Example
Accountability is key to maintaining trust in any system.
責任は、あらゆるシステムで信頼を維持するための重要な要素です。
C1 noun /əˈvɜːrʒən/

aversion

嫌悪
Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike or unwillingness towards something
Example
She has a strong aversion to smoking.
彼女は喫煙に強い嫌悪感を持っています。
B2 noun /ˈdeb.riː/

debris

破片
Meaning
Scattered pieces of waste or remains.
Example
Debris in the eyes causes irritation.
目に破片が入ると、刺激を引き起こします。
A2 noun /ˈɛndʒɪn/

engine

エンジン
Meaning
A machine designed to convert energy into mechanical power.
Example
The car's engine failed on the highway.
車のエンジンは高速道路で故障した。
A2 noun, verb /bɑːr/

bar

バー, ブロックする
Meaning
a counter where drinks are served; to prevent or block
Example
They decided to meet at the bar after work.
仕事の後、バーで会うことに決めました。