barrister
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C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

弁護士
Meaning
A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
Example
The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.
弁護士は裁判官の前で情熱的にケースを弁論しました。
A2 adverb /ˈriː.sənt.li/

Recently

最近
Meaning
in the recent past; not long ago
Example
I recently moved to a new apartment.
私は最近新しいアパートに引っ越しました。
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

急な崖や岩の面
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
ハイカーたちは頂上に到達するために険しい崖を登った。
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

影響力
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
そのビジネスマンは政治的な影響力を持っています。
C2 adjective /flɛgˈmæt.ɪk/

phlegmatic

冷静
Meaning
having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition
Example
Despite the chaos, he remained phlegmatic and composed.
混乱の中で、彼は冷静で落ち着いていました。
B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

栽培する
Meaning
to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something
Example
Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.
農家は田んぼでお米を育てています。
B1 abbreviation /vərsəs/

vs

Meaning
used to indicate opposition or contrast between two things
Example
The match was Brazil vs Argentina in the final.
試合はブラジル対アルゼンチンの決勝戦でした。
C1 verb /rɪˈtɔːrt/

retort

反論
Meaning
To reply quickly or sharply, often in a witty or angry manner.
Example
He quickly retorted that he was not to blame.
彼は素早く反論した、彼が悪くないと言った。
C2 adjective /ˈhɛtərəˌdɒks/

heterodox

異端
Meaning
not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs
Example
The professor was known for his heterodox views on religion.
教授は宗教についての異端的な見解で知られていました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

無機の
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
無機化合物は化学の基本です。
A2 adjective /maɪld/

mild

穏やか
Meaning
not severe or strong; gentle in nature
Example
The patient had only mild symptoms.
患者には軽い症状だけがありました。
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

威圧
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
労働者たちは経営陣による威圧の事例を報告しました。
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

業界特定
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
業界特定の政策はターゲット投資を引き付けます。
B2 noun /ˈɡæl.ək.si/

Galaxy

銀河系
Meaning
a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction
Example
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system and Earth.
天の川は私たちの太陽系と地球を含む銀河系です。
B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

隔離する
Meaning
To separate something or someone from others.
Example
Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
医師たちは感染の拡大を防ぐために患者を隔離しようとしました。
B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

海賊行為
Meaning
the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material
Example
Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.
ソフトウェアの海賊行為は毎年企業に数十億ドルの損失をもたらします。
C1 noun /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

exposition

説明 / 展覧会
Meaning
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
Example
The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory.
科学者は理論を明確に説明しました。
C1 adverb /ˈhɒtli/

hotly

激しく
Meaning
in an intense, angry, or passionate way
Example
She hotly denied the accusations.
彼女はその告発を激しく否定した。
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌbɛərz/

forebears

先祖
Meaning
Ancestors or people in previous generations from whom one is descended.
Example
We must honor the traditions of our forebears.
私たちは先祖の伝統を尊重しなければなりません。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

力を入れて登る
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
子供たちは洞窟に到達するために岩を登った。
C2 verb /ˈkælvɪnaɪz/

calvinize

カルヴァン主義の原則を取り入れる
Meaning
to imbue with the principles or doctrines of Calvinism
Example
The preacher sought to calvinize the community with strict teachings.
伝道師は厳格な教義でコミュニティをカルヴァン主義化しようとした。
B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

キャッシャー
Meaning
a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank
Example
The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.
キャッシャーはすべての商品をスキャンし、合計金額を計算しました。
B2 verb /feɪnt/

faint

気絶する
Meaning
to lose consciousness for a short time because of a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain
Example
He felt dizzy and fainted in the heat.
彼はめまいを感じ、暑さで気を失った。
B2 noun /ˈbækdrɒp/

backdrop

背景
Meaning
a painted cloth or other structure used behind a stage
Example
The backdrop for the play was a beautiful mountain scene.
その舞台の背景は美しい山の景色でした。
C2 noun /pərˈdɪʃən/

perdition

幸福
Meaning
A state of eternal spiritual ruin, often referring to hell or damnation.
Example
The preacher warned that greed would lead to perdition.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができなかった。
B2 noun /ˈblɒkˌtʃeɪn/

blockchain

ブロックチェーン
Meaning
A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system
Example
Blockchain technology ensures transparency in financial transactions.
ブロックチェーン技術は金融取引の透明性を保証します。
C1 noun /riˈæktənt/

reactant

Meaning
A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction.
Example
Oxygen is a reactant in the process of combustion.
C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

可塑性、適応能力
Meaning
the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability
Example
The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.
脳の可塑性により、怪我の後に適応することができます。
B1 noun /baɪˈɒlədʒi/

biology

生物学
Meaning
The scientific study of living organisms.
Example
Biology explains how plants and animals function.
生物学は植物や動物がどのように機能するかを説明します。
A1 preposition, conjunction, adverb /ˈæftər/

after

Meaning
in the time following an event or another action
Example
We went for ice cream after the movie.
映画の後にアイスクリームを食べに行った。
A2 adjective ˈpɒzətɪv

positive

ポジティブ
Meaning
Having an electric charge opposite to that of an electron.
Example
Protons have a positive charge.
陽子は正の電荷を持っています。
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtækt/

intact

完全
Meaning
Remaining whole, complete, and undamaged.
Example
Despite the storm, the old house remained intact.
嵐にもかかわらず、古い家は完全な状態を保っていました。
B2 adjective /sə'spɪʃ.əs/

Suspicious

疑わしい; 不審な
Meaning
having or showing distrust; doubtful; questionable
Example
The police found his behavior very suspicious.
警察は彼の行動が非常に疑わしいと感じました。
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

切り替える
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
列車は別の線路に切り替えられました。
B2 noun /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdə(r)/

outsider

アウトサイダー
Meaning
a person who is not accepted as a member of a particular group or community
Example
As a new student, she often felt like an outsider at school.
新しい学生として、彼女は学校でよくアウトサイダーのように感じていました。
B2 adjective /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

chronological

時系列
Meaning
Arranged in the order in which events happened.
Example
The events were listed in chronological order.
イベントは時系列でリストされました。
C1 verb /niːd/

knead

こねる
Meaning
to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture by pressing, folding, and stretching
Example
She kneads the dough until it becomes smooth.
彼女は生地を滑らかになるまでこねます。
C2 adjective /ˈreə.rɪ.faɪd/

rarefied

Meaning
Of high moral, intellectual, or cultural value; distant from ordinary life.
Example
He works in the rarefied world of classical music.
C1 noun /ˈpɪnəkəl/

pinnacle

頂点
Meaning
the highest point or peak of something, especially of success or achievement
Example
Winning the Nobel Prize was the pinnacle of her career.
ノーベル賞を受賞することは彼女のキャリアのピークでした。
C2 noun /fiːf/

fief

封建制度の下で保有される土地; 支配領域または制御区域
Meaning
an estate of land held under the feudal system; a domain or area of control
Example
The knight was granted a fief by the lord for his service.
騎士はそのサービスに対して領主から封土を与えられました。
C1 adverb /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl.i/

optimally

最適に
Meaning
In the most effective or efficient way possible.
Example
Tasks should be allocated optimally for maximum output.
タスクは最大の成果を上げるために最適に割り当てるべきです。
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

計画経済
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
計画経済では、政府が生産と価格を管理します。
C1 verb /præns/

prance

誇らしげに歩く
Meaning
To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.
Example
The horse pranced around the field gracefully.
その馬は誇らしげにフィールドを歩いていました。
C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

分娩
Meaning
The act of giving birth; childbirth.
Example
The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.
医者は学生たちに分娩の段階を説明しました。
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

妨げる
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
新しい規制は小規模なビジネスに障害をもたらす可能性があります。
A1 noun /hænd/

Hand

Meaning
the end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist, including the palm, fingers, and thumb
Example
He raised his hand to ask a question.
彼は質問をするために手を上げました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

本能的, 自然な, 自動的
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
彼の本能的な反応は彼の命を救った。
C2 noun /ˈæmpərˌsænd/

ampersand

アンパーサンド
Meaning
The symbol '&' used to represent the word 'and'.
Example
Use an ampersand instead of writing the word 'and' in the company name.
会社名に'and'の代わりにアンパーサンドを使用してください。
B2 noun /prəˈtɛktər/

protector

保護者
Meaning
a person or thing that protects someone or something
Example
The dog was seen as the family's protector.
その犬は家族の保護者と見なされていました。
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɛmnɪfaɪ/

indemnify

Meaning
to compensate someone for harm or loss; to secure against future damage or cost
Example
The insurance company agreed to indemnify the client for the damages.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

活力
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
子供の活力は部屋全体を明るくしました。
C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

優先順位付け
Meaning
The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.
Example
Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.
効果的な優先順位付けは、リソースが効率的に使用されることを保証します。
A2 noun /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Exchange

交換
Meaning
an act of giving one thing and receiving another in return
Example
The exchange of gifts is a common tradition during the holidays.
贈り物の交換は休日に一般的な伝統です。
C1 adjective /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ/

grudging

しぶしぶの
Meaning
Reluctant or unwilling; given or allowed only with hesitation.
Example
She gave him a grudging smile after the argument.
口論の後、彼女はしぶしぶ笑顔を見せた。
C2 adjective /svelt/

svelte

スリム
Meaning
Attractively thin, graceful, and elegant in appearance or movement.
Example
She looked svelte in the elegant black dress.
彼女はエレガントな黒いドレスを着てスリムに見えた。
B2 noun /ˈkiːɒsk/

kiosk

キオスク
Meaning
A small, open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc., are sold.
Example
She bought a bottle of water from the kiosk near the station.
彼女は駅の近くのキオスクで水のボトルを買いました。
B2 verb /kreɪv/

crave

強く欲する, 渇望する
Meaning
to have a strong desire for something
Example
She craves adventure and often travels to remote places.
彼女は冒険を渇望し、しばしば遠くの場所へ旅行します。
C2 adjective /ˈbʊərɪʃ/

boorish

粗野
Meaning
Rude, insensitive, and lacking manners or refinement.
Example
His boorish behavior ruined the dinner party.
彼の粗野な行動はディナーパーティーを台無しにした。
C2 noun /ˈmæl.kənˌtɛnt/

malcontent

不満な人
Meaning
A person who is dissatisfied or rebellious; one who is not content.
Example
The malcontent voiced his grievances against the government.
不満な人は政府に対して不平を述べました。
B2 noun /ˈræp.ər/

Wrapper

包み
Meaning
a loose garment worn around the body; covering material
Example
She put on a warm wrapper before going outside.
彼女は外出前に温かいラッパーを着ました。
B1 noun ˈsɪs.təmz

systems

システム
Meaning
A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
Example
Effective systems improve productivity.
効果的なシステムは生産性を向上させます。
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

ペナント旗
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
チームは誇らしげにチャンピオンシップペナント旗を掲げました。
B2 noun/verb /ˈlɪtər/

litter

ゴミ
Meaning
rubbish or waste left lying in a public place; to make a place untidy by leaving rubbish
Example
The park was full of litter after the festival.
祭りの後、公園はゴミでいっぱいだった。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

増分的
Meaning
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.
Example
Incremental changes ensure sustainability.
増分的な変化は持続可能性を確保します。
B2 noun, verb /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

discourse

談話, 講義
Meaning
Written or spoken communication or debate.
Example
The professor gave a discourse on ancient philosophy.
教授は古代哲学についての講義を行った。
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɒdi/

embody

具現化する
Meaning
To give tangible or visible form to an idea, quality, or feeling.
Example
She embodies the spirit of generosity.
彼女は寛大さの精神を体現しています。
C1 verb /ˈnɪbəl/

nibble

かじる
Meaning
to take small bites of food
Example
The rabbit nibbled on a carrot.
うさぎはにんじんをかじった。
A1 adjective/adverb /ˈoʊnli/

only

唯一
Meaning
without others; solely
Example
He is the only person who knows the secret.
彼はその秘密を知っている唯一の人です。
B2 adjective /ˈmaɪnd.fəl/

Mindful

注意深い; 意識的
Meaning
being conscious or aware; paying attention to the present moment
Example
She is always mindful of her surroundings and pays attention to details.
彼女は常に自分の周りに注意を払い、詳細に気を配っています。
B2 noun /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/

solitude

孤独
Meaning
The state or situation of being alone.
Example
Solitude can provide the opportunity for deep reflection.
孤独は深い反省の機会を提供することができます。
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。
B2 noun /swɪŋ/

Swing

ブランコ
Meaning
move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis
Example
The children love to swing in the park.
子供たちは公園でブランコをするのが好きです。
C2 noun, verb /ˈkæŋkər/

canker

Meaning
A fungal disease of plants; an ulcerous sore in the mouth; to corrupt or destroy slowly
Example
The tree was infected with a canker that damaged its bark.
B1 noun, verb /paʊnd/

pound

ポンド
Meaning
a unit of weight equal to 16 ounces or a unit of currency
Example
The price of the book is five pounds.
その本の価格は5ポンドです。
B2 verb /stɪə(r)/

steer

操縦する
Meaning
to guide or control the movement of a vehicle, vessel, or person
Example
He steered the car carefully through the narrow street.
彼は狭い通りを慎重に車をステアしました。
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

暴君
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
暴君は恐怖と暴力で国を支配した。
B2 adjective /ˈruː.tɪd/

Rooted

根付いた
Meaning
deeply established; firmly fixed
Example
His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition.
彼の信念は伝統に深く根ざしている。
B1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs/

status

地位
Meaning
the social or professional position or condition of someone or something
Example
His social status improved after the promotion.
昇進後、彼の社会的地位は向上しました。
B2 adjective /ˈiːtəbl̩/

eatable

食べられる
Meaning
suitable or safe for eating
Example
The berries are not only eatable but also quite tasty.
そのベリーは食べられるだけでなく、かなりおいしいです。
B2 noun /ˈkɒpɪraɪt/

copyright

著作権
Meaning
the legal right of the creator of a work to control its use and distribution
Example
She holds the copyright for the book.
彼女はその本の著作権を持っています。
C2 noun /kɒŋk/

Conck

Meaning
a shell, especially a large spiral one used as a horn or for decoration
Example
The priest blew the conch shell to signal the start of the ceremony.
司祭は儀式の開始を知らせるためにコンクの貝を吹きました。
C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

人口転換
Meaning
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
Example
The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.
人口転換は高齢化社会への移行を示しています。
C2 noun /ˌvæs.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

Vacillation

迷い
Meaning
the inability to decide between different opinions or actions; indecision
Example
His constant vacillation between career choices frustrated his parents.
彼のキャリア選択の間の絶え間ない揺れは、彼の親を困惑させました。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒənt/

intransigent

頑固な, 譲らない, 固執した
Meaning
Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.
Example
His intransigent stance delayed the agreement.
彼の頑固な態度が合意を遅らせました。
B2 verb /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

lying

嘘をつく
Meaning
the act of not telling the truth
Example
He was caught lying about his grades.
彼は成績について嘘をついているところを捕まえられました。
C1 adjective /ˈwɔːrˌlaɪk/

warlike

戦闘的
Meaning
Having an aggressive or militant nature; inclined to fight or engage in war.
Example
The tribe was known for its warlike traditions.
その部族は戦闘的な伝統で知られていました。
C2 verb /rɪˈtrɛntʃ/

retrench

コスト削減、従業員の解雇
Meaning
to reduce costs, spending, or staff to save resources
Example
The company had to retrench employees due to financial difficulties.
会社は財政的な困難のため、従業員をリトレンチしなければならなかった。
A1 noun /weɪ/

Way

方法; 道; スタイル; 手段
Meaning
a method, style, or manner of doing something; a road or path
Example
There must be a better way to solve this problem.
この問題を解決するためにもっと良い方法が必要です。
B2 adjective /ˈdʒuːsi/

juicy

ジューシー
Meaning
Full of juice; succulent; also used to describe something exciting or scandalous.
Example
The steak was so juicy that it melted in my mouth.
ステーキはとてもジューシーで、口の中で溶けました。
C1 verb /wiːld/

wield

持つ、使う
Meaning
To hold and use a weapon, tool, or power effectively.
Example
The warrior wielded his sword with great skill.
戦士はその剣を大きな技術で使いました。
B2 verb /ˈprɒspər/

prosper

繁栄する
Meaning
to succeed or flourish, especially in financial or business matters
Example
With hard work and determination, she managed to prosper in her career.
一生懸命の努力と決意で、彼女はキャリアで成功しました。
B1 noun /ˈmeʒərmənt/

measurement

測定
Meaning
the size, length, or amount of something, as determined by measuring
Example
The tailor took my waist measurement before stitching the suit.
仕立て屋はスーツを縫う前に私のウエストの測定を取りました。
C2 verb /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/

edify

Meaning
To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
Example
Good books can both entertain and edify the reader.
B2 verb /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

accumulate

蓄積する
Meaning
to gather or collect things gradually over time
Example
She managed to accumulate a small fortune through wise investments.
彼女は賢明な投資を通じて少しの富を積み上げることができました。
B1 verb /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

criticize

批判する
Meaning
to express disapproval or find fault with someone or something
Example
The teacher criticized the student's poor handwriting.
教師は学生のひどい手書きに批判を加えました。
A1 verb /ɡet/

get

手に入れる
Meaning
to obtain, receive, or acquire something
Example
I need to get some milk from the store.
私は店から牛乳を手に入れる必要がある。
B2 noun /koʊl/

coal

石炭
Meaning
a black or dark brown rock used as fuel, formed from decomposed plant matter
Example
The factory still uses coal as its main source of energy.
工場は依然として石炭を主要なエネルギー源として使用しています。
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

寸劇
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
学生たちはイベントで面白い寸劇を演じました。
B1 noun /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/

economist

経済学者
Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in economics.
Example
The economist predicted a rise in inflation.
経済学者はインフレの上昇を予測しました。
A1 adverb /ðɛn/

then

それから
Meaning
at that time; next in order of time or place
Example
We went to the park, and then we had lunch.
公園に行って、その後昼食をとりました。
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

認知
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
認知は学習において重要な役割を果たします。
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

耐えられない
Meaning
Too extreme or difficult to be endured.
Example
The heat was insupportable during the long journey.
長い旅の間、暑さは耐えられなかった。
C1 noun /ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

Mannerism

Meaning
A habitual gesture or way of speaking or behaving; an idiosyncrasy
Example
His constant throat clearing had become an annoying mannerism.
彼の絶え間ない喉の清掃は迷惑な癖になっていた。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

impertinent

無礼な
Meaning
rude and showing a lack of respect
Example
It was impertinent of him to question the manager's decision.
マネージャーの決定に疑問を呈するのは無礼でした。
C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

ジャックフルーツ
Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
Example
The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.
ジャックフルーツは世界で一番大きな木の果物です。
C2 adjective /ˈsiːkwənt/

sequent

次の
Meaning
Following in order or as a result.
Example
The sequent events changed the course of history.
次の出来事は歴史の流れを変えました。
C2 adjective /ˈɒsiəs/

osseous

骨のような
Meaning
consisting of or turned into bone; bony
Example
The fossil showed osseous structures of the ancient creature.
化石は古代の生物の骨のような構造を示しました。
C2 verb /əbˈvɜːrt/

obvert

反転する
Meaning
To turn something so as to face in a different direction; in logic, to convert a proposition by negating both subject and predicate.
Example
The teacher asked the students to obvert the statement for practice.
先生は生徒たちに練習のためにその声明をオブバートするように頼みました。
C2 noun /ˈænsɛstrɪs/

ancestress

女性の祖先
Meaning
a female ancestor; a woman from whom one is descended
Example
She discovered that her ancestress came from a small village in Bengal.
彼女は自分の女性の祖先がベンガルの小さな村出身だと知った。
B1 noun /təˈbækoʊ/

tobacco

タバコ
Meaning
a plant grown for its leaves, which are used in making cigarettes and cigars
Example
He stopped smoking tobacco after his health scare.
健康問題後にタバコをやめた。
C1 adjective /ˈflæɡɪŋ/

flagging

疲れる、弱くなる、または熱意を失う
Meaning
becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic
Example
After hours of work, his energy was flagging.
長時間働いた後、彼のエネルギーは衰えていた。
C2 noun /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnɪzəm/

opportunism

機会主義
Meaning
The practice of taking advantage of opportunities regardless of principles or ethics.
Example
His decision was driven by opportunism, not values.
彼の決定は、価値観ではなくオポチュニズムに動機づけられていました。
B2 verb /ɪˈvækjueɪt/

evacuate

避難する
Meaning
To remove people from a dangerous place to safety.
Example
The residents were ordered to evacuate the building after the fire alarm.
火災警報後、住民は建物から避難するよう命じられました。
C1 adjective /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

boisterous

騒々しい
Meaning
noisy, energetic, and cheerful; rowdy
Example
The children were boisterous during the birthday party.
誕生日パーティーで子供たちは騒々しかった。
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.bɪdʒ/

Garbage

ゴミ; 廃棄物
Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; something worthless or meaningless
Example
Please take out the garbage before the collection truck arrives tomorrow morning.
ゴミ収集車が明日の朝到着する前にゴミを出してください。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

蛇行の
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
その道は山を通り、蛇行する道を取った。
C1 noun /ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪtər/

legislator

立法者
Meaning
a person who makes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The legislator introduced a bill to improve healthcare.
立法者は医療サービス改善のために法案を提出しました。
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
C2 adjective /ˌmɒnəkrəˈmætɪk/

monochromatic

Meaning
Consisting of or displaying only one color.
Example
The artist created a striking monochromatic painting in shades of blue.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

五価
Meaning
Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.
Example
Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.
リンは五価の状態で存在することができます。
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊs/

grouse

不平を言う / 鳥の一種
Meaning
A type of bird; or to complain or grumble persistently.
Example
He always grouses about the long hours at work.
彼はいつも長時間働くことに不平を言います。