C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒmətən/

automaton

自動機械

Meaning

A machine that works automatically; also refers to a person who behaves like a machine, without thinking.

Example

He worked like an automaton, without showing any emotion.

彼は感情を見せずにオートマトンのように働いていました。

C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

膵臓

Meaning

A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.

Example

The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

膵臓は消化と血糖の調節に重要な役割を果たしています。

C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

助け, 対処

Meaning

a source of help or protection in a difficult situation

Example

The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.

学生たちは校長に訴える以外に方法がなかった。

C1 noun /ˈflæt.ər.i/

Flattery

お世辞

Meaning

excessive and insincere praise, given especially to further one's own interests

Example

His constant flattery made everyone suspicious of his true motives.

彼の絶え間ないお世辞は、皆が彼の本当の意図を疑わせることになった。

C1 noun /beɪl/

bail

保釈

Meaning

the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, often with a financial guarantee

Example

He was granted bail after his arrest.

逮捕後、彼は保釈されました。

C1 noun /ˈfjuː.də.lɪ.zəm/

feudalism

封建制度

Meaning

the social system in medieval Europe in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return

Example

Feudalism shaped the political structure of medieval Europe.

封建制度は中世ヨーロッパの政治構造を形作った。

C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

何かを神聖または重要として保存または敬う

Meaning

to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important

Example

The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.

憲法は言論の自由の権利を保護しています。

C1 verb /kənˈviːn/

convene

集まる、会議や集会を召集する

Meaning

to come together or assemble, especially for a meeting or formal gathering

Example

The board will convene tomorrow to discuss the new policy.

ボードは明日新しい方針を議論するために召集されます。

C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

Meaning

To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.

Example

Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.

C1 noun /ɔːr/

Oar

オール

Meaning

a long pole with a flat blade used to row a boat

Example

He dipped the oar into the water and pulled the boat forward.

彼はオールを水に浸し、ボートを前に進めた。

C1 noun /ræˈpɔːr/

rapport

関係

Meaning

A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas.

Example

The teacher built a strong rapport with her students.

教師は生徒と強い関係を築いた。

C1 noun ˈθɜː.məl stres

thermal stress

熱応力

Meaning

Stress caused by excessive heat that affects plant growth and development.

Example

High thermal stress affects plant growth.

高い熱的ストレスは植物の成長に影響を与えます。

C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

反射的; 内省的

Meaning

directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself

Example

She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.

フィードバックの後、彼女は自分の行動についてもっと反省的になりました。

C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

立法者

Meaning

a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body

Example

The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.

立法者たちは新しい教育法案に投票しました。

C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要な、顕著な、または目立つ

Meaning

Most important, prominent, or noticeable

Example

The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.

レポートは議論の重要な点を強調しました。

C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

曖昧さ, 不明確さ

Meaning

The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.

Example

The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.

その声明の曖昧さはチームの間で混乱を引き起こしました。

C1 noun /ˈlaɪm.laɪt/

Limelight

公衆の注目の中心; ライムのシリンダーを加熱して発生する明るい光

Meaning

the focus of public attention; a bright light produced by heating a cylinder of lime

Example

The celebrity enjoyed being in the limelight.

有名人はスポットライトの中で楽しんでいました。

C1 verb /ˈrɪdɪkjuːl/

ridicule

嘲笑する

Meaning

To make fun of someone or something in a cruel or dismissive way.

Example

He was ridiculed for his strange ideas.

彼は奇妙な考えのために嘲笑されました。

C1 noun /ˈɑd.ɪ.ti/

Oddity

珍奇な現象

Meaning

something that is strange or unusual; a peculiar trait

Example

His habit of sleeping standing up was considered an oddity.

彼の立って寝る習慣は珍奇な現象と見なされていました。

C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

外皮

Meaning

the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer

Example

He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.

彼は食べる前にパンの外皮を切り取った。

C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

フランチャイズ

Meaning

A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.

Example

He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.

彼は都市で新しいファーストフードのフランチャイズを開設しました。

C1 adverb/noun /ˌhɪərˈæftər/

hereafter

これから / 来世

Meaning

from now on; in the future; also refers to life after death.

Example

Hereafter, all reports must be submitted electronically.

これからは、すべての報告書は電子的に提出しなければならない。

C1 noun /ˈtrænsfərəns/

transference

転送

Meaning

The act of moving something from one place, person, or situation to another.

Example

The transference of knowledge is essential in education.

知識の転送は教育において不可欠です。

C1 noun /ˈɔr.ə.kəl/

Oracle

オラクル

Meaning

a person regarded as a source of wise counsel; in ancient times, a priest or priestess acting as a medium

Example

The ancient Greeks consulted the oracle at Delphi.

古代ギリシャ人はデルポイのオラクルに相談しました。

C1 noun /ɡæf/

gaffe

失敗

Meaning

An unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment; a blunder.

Example

The politician's gaffe quickly spread on social media.

政治家の失敗はすぐにソーシャルメディアで広まりました。

C1 verb /ʌnˈkɔrk/

uncork

コルクを抜く

Meaning

To remove the cork from a bottle; to open a bottle, especially of wine

Example

He uncorked the wine and poured a glass for everyone.

彼はワインのコルクを抜き、皆にグラスを注いだ。

C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈmer.ɪ.kən/

Pan-American

パンアメリカン

Meaning

relating to all the countries of North, Central, and South America

Example

The Pan-American Games bring together athletes from across the continent.

パンアメリカンゲームは大陸全体のアスリートを集めます。

C1 verb /sərˈmaɪz/

surmise

推測する

Meaning

to suppose something is true without having evidence

Example

She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting.

彼女は彼が会議に来ないだろうと推測した。

C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/

asexual

無性愛

Meaning

Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.

Example

Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.

多くの植物は芽生えや分裂のような無性愛的方法で繁殖します。

C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪl/

embroil

巻き込む

Meaning

to involve someone deeply in a conflict, argument, or difficult situation

Example

The politician was embroiled in a major corruption scandal.

その政治家は大規模な汚職スキャンダルに巻き込まれました。

C1 noun /blæk plʌm/

Black plum

ブラックプラム

Meaning

a dark purple or black colored edible fruit with sweet and sour taste

Example

I picked some fresh black plums from the tree in our backyard.

私は庭の木から新鮮なブラックプラムをいくつか摘みました。

C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

過剰な量

Meaning

an excessive amount of something

Example

She has a plethora of books on her shelf.

彼女の棚には過剰な量の本があります。

C1 adjective /frɔːt/

fraught

満ちた

Meaning

Filled with or likely to result in something undesirable.

Example

The negotiations were fraught with tension and uncertainty.

交渉は緊張と不確実性で満ちていました。

C1 adjective /əˈlʊr.ɪŋ/

Alluring

魅力的で誘惑的; 魅力的な

Meaning

attractive and tempting; fascinating

Example

The alluring fragrance of roses filled the garden.

バラの魅力的な香りが庭を満たしました。

C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

高く

Meaning

Up in or into the air; overhead.

Example

The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.

凧は晴れた空に高く飛んでいた。

C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.rəl.səm/

Quarrelsome

喧嘩好きな; 論争的な; 争い好きな

Meaning

given to arguing and fighting; argumentative and confrontational

Example

His quarrelsome nature makes it difficult to work with him.

彼の喧嘩好きな性格は、彼と一緒に働くのを難しくします。

C1 adjective /ˈbreɪzən/

brazen

Meaning

Bold and without shame; shameless.

Example

She made a brazen attempt to lie in front of everyone.

C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

柔軟性の欠如

Meaning

the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability

Example

The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.

規則の柔軟性の欠如が不要な遅れを引き起こした。

C1 noun /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/

Disciple

弟子; 信者

Meaning

a follower and student of a teacher, leader, or philosopher; devoted follower

Example

The famous philosopher had many disciples who spread his teachings worldwide.

その有名な哲学者には多くの弟子がいて、彼の教えを世界中に広めました。

C1 noun /ˈleθ.ər.dʒi/

Lethargy

倦怠; 疲れと非活動的

Meaning

a lack of energy and enthusiasm; tiredness and inactivity

Example

The hot weather caused a feeling of lethargy.

暑い天気は倦怠感を引き起こしました。

C1 verb ˌæs.ɚˈteɪn

ascertain

確認する

Meaning

To find out or discover something with certainty; to verify.

Example

The police tried to ascertain the cause of the accident.

警察は事故の原因を確認しようとしました。

C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt

micronutrient

微量栄養素

Meaning

Essential nutrients required by the body in small amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

Example

Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients for growth.

鉄分と亜鉛は成長に必要な微量栄養素です。

C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

決まり文句

Meaning

An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.

Example

The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.

そのスピーチは古い決まり文句でいっぱいで、聴衆を感動させることができませんでした。

C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

ファイル

Meaning

A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.

Example

The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.

弁護士は証拠のドシエを裁判所に提出しました。

C1 noun /ˈɛksələnsɪ/

excellency

閣下

Meaning

a title of honor for people of high rank, especially ambassadors or governors

Example

His Excellency the Ambassador attended the ceremony.

大使閣下は式典に出席しました。

C1 adjective /riˈækʃəˌneri/

reactionary

反動的

Meaning

Opposing political or social progress or reform; extremely conservative.

Example

The group took a reactionary stance against the new policies.

グループは新しい政策に対して反動的な立場を取った。

C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

計算する

Meaning

To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.

Example

The software can compute the total cost in seconds.

そのソフトウェアは数秒で総コストを計算できます。

C1 noun /traɪˈbjuːnəl/

tribunal

裁判所

Meaning

a court of justice or body established to settle disputes

Example

The case was heard in an international tribunal.

その事件は国際裁判所で審理されました。

C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

累積的な

Meaning

Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.

Example

The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.

ストレスの累積的な影響は健康に害を与える可能性があります。

C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

規則にうるさい人

Meaning

a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior

Example

He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.

彼は時間にうるさく、遅れを許しません。

C1 adjective /ˈsɒnɪk/

sonic

音速の

Meaning

Relating to or involving sound waves or speed of sound.

Example

The jet created a loud boom when it broke the sonic barrier.

ジェット機は音速の壁を越えたとき、大きな爆発音を作り出しました。

C1 noun /ˌnɑm.əˈni/

Nominee

ノミネートされた人

Meaning

a person who is nominated for an office, award, or honor

Example

She was the nominee for the Best Actress award.

彼女は最優秀女優賞のノミネートされた人でした。

C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

コイ

Meaning

A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food

Example

Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.

コイは養殖業で重要な魚です。

C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

用語集

Meaning

an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary

Example

The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.

教科書の最後には技術的な用語を定義するための役立つ用語集があります。

C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

溶かす

Meaning

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting

Example

The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.

作業員は工場で鉱石から鉄を溶かして取り出します。

C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

収束する

Meaning

to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level

Example

After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.

嵐の後、洪水は収束し始めました。

C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

Meaning

To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.

Example

His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.

C1 verb /trænˈzækt/

transact

取引を行う

Meaning

to conduct or carry out business, a deal, or activity

Example

Customers can transact their banking online.

顧客はオンラインで銀行取引を行うことができます。

C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

自己中心的

Meaning

Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.

Example

Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.

彼女の自己中心的な行動は、友達関係を維持するのを難しくしました。

C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

家系

Meaning

The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.

Example

Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.

彼女の高貴な家系は、彼女に王室へのアクセスを与えた。

C1 noun ˌmɛməraɪˈzeɪʃən

memorization

暗記

Meaning

The process of learning or committing something to memory

Example

Memorization of important information is crucial for exams.

重要な情報の暗記は試験において重要です。

C1 adjective /ˌruː.dɪˈmen.tər.i/

Rudimentary

基本的な; 初歩的な; 未発達な; 発展の初期段階にある

Meaning

basic; elementary; undeveloped; in the earliest stage of development

Example

She has only rudimentary knowledge of French.

彼女はフランス語についての初歩的な知識しか持っていません。

C1 adjective /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

fictitious

虚構の、偽の

Meaning

not real or true; imaginary or fabricated

Example

The story he told was entirely fictitious.

彼が話した話は完全に虚構だった。

C1 adjective /ˈfiːzəbl/

feasible

実行可能

Meaning

possible to do easily or conveniently; practical and workable

Example

It is feasible to complete the project within two months.

このプロジェクトを2ヶ月以内に完了することは実行可能です。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈtɛnəbl/

untenable

維持できない

Meaning

not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection

Example

The politician resigned when his position became untenable.

政治家は彼の立場が維持できなくなったときに辞職しました。

C1 noun /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/

constituency

選挙区

Meaning

A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.

Example

She campaigned tirelessly across her constituency.

彼女は選挙区で疲れ知らずに選挙運動を行いました。

C1 noun /beɪn/

bane

災い

Meaning

A cause of great distress, harm, or annoyance.

Example

Traffic jams are the bane of city life.

交通渋滞は都市生活の災いです。

C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/

palatable

美味しい

Meaning

pleasant or acceptable to the taste, mind, or feelings

Example

The meal was simple but quite palatable.

その食事はシンプルでしたが、かなり美味しかったです。

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

信頼できる友人

Meaning

A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.

Example

The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.

女王の侍女は最も信頼された友人になった。

C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

世代間、異なる世代間で発生する

Meaning

Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.

Example

Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.

インタージェネレーショナルな知恵は文化的継続性を確保する。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəs/

sensuous

官能的

Meaning

Relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect; pleasing to the senses.

Example

The garden was filled with sensuous colors and fragrances.

庭は官能的な色と香りで満たされていた。

C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

乱雑または不潔な外見; 汚れたしぼんだ

Meaning

untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn

Example

The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.

そのみすぼらしい老犬は、食べ物を探して通りをさまよっていました。

C1 adjective /æmˈfɪb.i.əs/

Amphibious

両生類

Meaning

able to live both on land and in water; suitable for both land and water operations

Example

The amphibious vehicle can travel on both land and water.

その両生類車両は、陸地と水中の両方で移動できます。

C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

密接に接続またはリンクする; 一緒にねじるまたは密接に結合する

Meaning

To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.

Example

Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.

彼らの生活は長年の友情を通じて絡み合った。

C1 noun /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪtər/

incubator

インキュベーター

Meaning

a device or environment that provides suitable conditions for eggs, cells, or infants to develop

Example

The premature baby was placed in an incubator for care.

未熟児はケアのためにインキュベーターに入れられました。

C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

インフラ整備

Meaning

The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example

Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.

インフラストラクチャー開発は効率的なリサイクルに必要です。

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

霊長類, 類人猿

Meaning

A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.

Example

Humans are classified as primates.

人間は霊長類として分類されます。

C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/

residual

残余

Meaning

Remaining after the greater part has gone.

Example

The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.

患者は手術後に残余の痛みを感じました。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈrɛvərənd/

reverend

牧師, 尊敬される

Meaning

A title of respect used for members of the clergy; deserving deep respect.

Example

The Reverend gave an inspiring sermon at the church.

レヴァレンドは教会で感動的な説教をしました。

C1 verb /əbˈstrʌkt/

obstruct

妨げる

Meaning

to block or hinder progress; to prevent or impede movement

Example

The fallen tree obstructed the road for several hours.

倒れた木が数時間道路をふさぎました。

C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

膨大, 広大, 巨大

Meaning

Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.

Example

The library contained a voluminous collection of books.

図書館には非常に大きな本のコレクションがありました。

C1 adjective ˈwɛðərpruːf

weatherproof

防水

Meaning

Able to resist or be unaffected by weather, especially rain and wind.

Example

The materials used are weatherproof, ensuring longevity.

使用される材料は防水で、耐久性を保証します。

C1 verb /əˈdʒɜrn/

adjourn

延期する

Meaning

to suspend a meeting or session to another time or place

Example

The judge decided to adjourn the hearing until next week.

裁判官は次の週まで聴聞を延期することに決めました。

C1 noun /dʒɪst/

Gist

要点

Meaning

the substance or essence of a speech or text; the main point

Example

I missed the beginning of the lecture, but I caught the gist of the professor's argument.

私は講義の始まりを逃しましたが、教授の議論の要点を理解しました。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

インコ

Meaning

a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet

Example

The green parakeet learned to say hello.

緑色のインコはこんにちはを言うことを学びました。

C1 adjective /ˌbaɪˈlæt.ər.əl/

bilateral

二国間

Meaning

An agreement or relationship between two parties that is mutual, two-sided, or reciprocal.

Example

The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.

二国は二国間貿易協定に署名しました。

C1 adjective /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/

lucrative

収益性の高い

Meaning

Producing a great deal of profit; highly profitable or financially rewarding.

Example

The real estate business is highly lucrative in urban areas.

不動産業は都市部で非常に収益性が高いです。

C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

沈める

Meaning

to put under water or cover with liquid

Example

The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.

洪水の水が村を沈めると脅かしていました。

C1 noun /ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/

elaboration

詳細な説明 / 拡張

Meaning

the process of adding more detail or expanding on something

Example

The teacher appreciated the student's elaboration of the topic.

先生は学生のトピックの詳細な説明を評価しました。

C1 noun /ˈdjuːplɛks/

duplex

デュプレックスハウス

Meaning

A house or apartment divided into two separate residences.

Example

They live in a duplex near the city center.

彼らは市の中心近くのデュプレックスに住んでいます。

C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

鉄壁の

Meaning

impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm

Example

The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.

その会社はサプライヤーと鉄壁の契約を結んでいた。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈɡɑː.dɪd/

Unguarded

無防備な

Meaning

not protected or defended; careless about revealing private thoughts or information

Example

In an unguarded moment, she revealed her true feelings about the project.

油断した瞬間、彼女はそのプロジェクトについての本当の気持ちを明かした。

C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈfiːtɪst/

defeatist

敗北主義者

Meaning

A person who expects or is excessively ready to accept failure; showing a tendency to expect defeat.

Example

His defeatist attitude discouraged the rest of the team.

彼の敗北主義的な態度は、チームの他のメンバーを落胆させました。

C1 noun /ˈrʌp.tʃər/

Rupture

破裂; 関係の断絶

Meaning

breaking or bursting apart; breakdown of relations

Example

The rupture in the pipeline caused a massive oil spill.

パイプラインの破裂が大規模な石油漏れを引き起こしました。

C1 noun /ˈhæŋ.ər/

Hangar

ハンガー

Meaning

a large building with extensive floor area, typically for housing aircraft; an aircraft shelter

Example

The airplane was stored safely in the hangar during the severe thunderstorm.

飛行機は激しい雷雨の間、安全にハンガーに保管されていました。

C1 noun /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/

demagogue

デマゴーグ

Meaning

A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.

Example

The crowd was swayed by the fiery speeches of the demagogue.

群衆はデマゴーグの情熱的な演説に影響された。

C1 verb /ˈfɔːltər/

falter

ためらう、または力や勢いを失う

Meaning

to hesitate or lose strength or momentum

Example

Her voice faltered as she delivered the speech.

彼女の声はスピーチをする際に途切れました。

C1 verb /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

resuscitate

Meaning

to revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death

Example

The doctors tried to resuscitate the patient after the heart attack.

C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

怠惰; 仕事や努力をすることに対する reluctance

Meaning

laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort

Example

His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.

彼の怠惰は、目標達成を妨げました。

C1 verb /ˌriːˈkɒn.stɪ.tʃuːt/

reconstitute

再構成する

Meaning

to restore something to its original form or state; to reassemble

Example

The group was reconstituted after the leader returned.

リーダーが戻った後、グループは再構成されました。

C1 noun /ˈrɛpərˌtɔːri/

repertory

レパートリー

Meaning

A collection of works that a company, performer, or institution regularly performs; also a storehouse of information or skills.

Example

The theater has a repertory of classic plays.

劇場にはクラシックな演劇のレパートリーがあります。

C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

急いで乱雑に書く

Meaning

to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read

Example

He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.

彼はページの下部に署名をスクロールした。

C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

ロープ

Meaning

a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare

Example

The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.

カウボーイは野生の馬を捕まえるためにロープを作りました。

C1 noun /ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃən/

provocation

挑発

Meaning

An action or statement that is intended to make someone angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His rude comment was a clear provocation.

彼の無礼なコメントは明らかな挑発でした。

C1 noun /ɡʌl/

Gull

カモメ

Meaning

a seabird with webbed feet, long wings, and usually white and gray feathers

Example

The gull swooped down to grab the fish from the water.

カモメは水から魚をつかむために急降下した。

C1 verb /məˈruːn/

maroon

無人島に取り残す

Meaning

to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island

Example

The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.

水夫たちは無人島に取り残されました。

C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

炭素の固定化と長期貯蔵

Meaning

The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.

Example

Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.

森林は炭素の固定化において重要な役割を果たします。

C1 adjective /bəˈnɑːl/ or /ˈbeɪnəl/

banal

平凡

Meaning

Lacking originality; boringly obvious and commonplace.

Example

His speech was full of banal clichés.

彼のスピーチは平凡なクリシェでいっぱいだった。

C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/

unassuming

控えめな

Meaning

Not pretentious or arrogant; modest.

Example

Despite his success, he remained unassuming and humble.

成功にもかかわらず、彼は控えめで謙虚なままでした。

C1 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv

revolutionary initiative

革命的イニシアティブ

Meaning

A groundbreaking action or plan that brings about significant change or transformation.

Example

The revolutionary initiative promotes sustainable energy.

革命的なイニシアティブは持続可能なエネルギーを促進します。

C1 verb /aʊtˈwɪt/

outwit

巧妙に出し抜く

Meaning

to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever or cunning

Example

The fox managed to outwit the hunters.

キツネは猟師たちを出し抜くことができました。

C1 noun ˈnuːkliəs

nucleus

原子核

Meaning

The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Example

The nucleus consists of protons.

原子核は陽子で構成されています。

C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

入り江

Meaning

A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.

Example

The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.

船は海岸沿いの狭い入り江に入った。

C1 verb, noun /ˈmʌstər/

muster

集める / 勇気を出す

Meaning

to gather people, especially soldiers; to summon courage or strength

Example

He mustered enough courage to face the challenge.

彼は挑戦に立ち向かうために十分な勇気を集めました。

C1 noun /ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən/

extradition

引渡し

Meaning

the official process of sending someone accused of a crime to another country or state

Example

The extradition of the suspect was delayed due to legal issues.

容疑者の引渡しは法的問題のため遅れました。

C1 noun /ˈtrɪkəri/

trickery

Meaning

The use of dishonest methods to deceive or cheat someone.

Example

The politician was accused of winning the election through trickery.

C1 verb /rɪˈfjuːt/

refute

反論する

Meaning

To prove a statement, argument, or theory to be false or invalid.

Example

The lawyer refuted the witness's testimony with solid evidence.

弁護士は証人の証言を確かな証拠で反論しました。

C1 adjective /ænˈtɪriər/

mutation

突然変異、遺伝的変化

Meaning

A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.

Example

Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.

科学者たちは、その障害を引き起こした遺伝的な突然変異を発見しました。

C1 noun dɪˈspær.ə.ti

disparity

格差

Meaning

A great difference or inequality.

Example

Disparity between countries must be reduced.

国々の間の格差は減少するべきです。

C1 verb /ˈdæmpən/

dampen

湿らせる, 和らげる

Meaning

to make something slightly wet; to make something less strong, active, or intense

Example

The rain dampened the excitement of the outdoor concert.

雨が屋外コンサートの興奮を和らげました。